Each house has stairs. They can be built independently. It is only necessary to know well how to fix the steps of the wooden stairs to Kosouro and to the tutor. There are several ways to build. Some of them require the actions of the Master, others are performed by their own hands.
Figure 1. The valuation and markup of the riser.
Staircase on governments
Most stairs in homes are gathering on assets. This is the supporting structure of the staircase. It is a beam with cutouts made on its inner side. Stages are inserted into these cuts. This method is considered to be classic. Testa can be made of different materials. Most often, they take wood, metal, reinforced concrete for their manufacture. Software and deciduous are used from woody rocks:
- pine;
- cedar;
- fir;
- larch;
- cherry;
- maple;
The coniferous rocks are very good, but allocate resin. It prevents the paint normally. It is preferable to apply deciduous wood.
Dimensions of the finished theetics always depend on how long the ladder march is planned. For a 90 cm wide staircase, it is recommended to make a tutor from a whiteboard 40-50 mm thick and 30 cm wide. Cutouts for nests are made in a depth of about 20 mm. The minimum width of 275 mm is allowed. The workpiece for the theet is to be placed (Fig. No. 1). 2 basic methods are used for markup:
- with the help of a ruler and a square (Fig. No. 2);
- using a special template.
When markup, consider the following:
- the tilt of the march should be 30-40 °;
- the depth of the steps is at least 30 cm;
- the height of each stage is 15-20 cm.
For the manufacture of the guards and steps you need to prepare the following:
- roulette;
- corolnic;
- line;
- level;
- electric jigsaw;
- drill;
- milling machine (manual);
- a hammer;
- bit;
- screwdriver;
- wooden rails or metal corners.
After marking the steps of the stairs, the grooves are cut with a milling machine. Next, the construction is attached to the location of the stairs. This can be done in the following ways:
- install racks in holes made in the floor;
- attach the racks anchor bolts.
Next occurs the process of fastening steps to the tutor. Heated and processed steps and risers are inserted into the grooves or screwed to wooden bars, to metal corners (Fig. No. 3). These details should be done with great accuracy, otherwise the finished design will be loosened and creaked. The instruments themselves are bonded with each other with 4-5 steps.
Fastening steps
You can mount the wooden steps to a metal or to a wooden koser. This is a support beam having a sawdust form. Its protrusions and fasten details of the tree. Kosur is set 1 or more. Steps are attached to them with screws whose caps are closed with small tubes from the tree. It is better to drink out oak or pine steps. The risers are usually absent, which gives the design easier view. To assemble the stairs, you need to have skills to work with the welding machine.
Final decoration of stairs
Reliable makes the staircase fence. It consists of baluster and railings. The gap between them should not exceed 15-20 cm. It is possible to fix them from the outside of the apparatus using screws. You can apply for fastening Balyasin Sucks, spikes, studs. For spills in the end of the product, the hole is drilled with a diameter of 12 mm to a depth of 80 mm. Studs plant on glue, leaving about 7 cm outside. In the tutor you need to drill holes to a depth of about 100 mm. First install extreme columns. Between them stretch the twine and put the remaining balusters. It remains to attach the railing made from a bar of 8-10 cm wide.
The entire design is covered with a protective layer of varnish or paint. On the steps you can lay anti-slip materials. They may be the following:
- carpet;
- linoleum;
- animal skins;
- plywood;
- cork mats;
- polyurethane;
- rubber;
- rubber;
- other materials.
Conclusion on the topic
Without stairs in a private house, you are simply impossible to live.
Wooden designs purchased specially popularity.
In this video, one of the installation methods is shown.
The tree refers to environmentally friendly materials. Its service life is measured by several decades. Ready product Easily repair. You can also make it with your own hands. You only need to accurately adhere to all sizes. All items must be well dried, impregnated with antiseptics. The finished product is covered with varnish or paint. To the legs do not slide on the steps, you can cover them with anti-slip materials.
Stairs on the growths are often installed in multi-level apartments and in private houses. This traditional staircase differs from other options for high levels of reliability, and, in some cases, an attractive appearance. For experienced masters, the installation of the stairs on the growths does not represent any problem.
But, with independent performance, you will need a photo or video installation instruction that allows you to minimize the number of issues arising during installation. In addition, it should be studied in advance all the features of fastening and markup, as well as the basic rules for their arrangement. Consider not only the essence of the concept, but also existing types of structures, as well as possible technologies for their independent manufacture.
Types of stairs
Testors - side elements of the staircase, holding steps and performing the role of limiters. It is worth noting that, in different form, the ATT is present in almost all designs.
What is a valiant and what is different from the Kourow Variety of models:
- Pottal. The easiest option is all possible. Most often used in cottage areas. It includes only a few items: transverse crossbars (steps) and side antiwood. Anyone can make such a staircase with their own hands. To help this can video instruction recorded by experienced masters.
- Foldable attic. This model consists of two sections. In this case, the string is folded. Loops, carriages and other fasteners are used as connecting elements.
- Print. One of the most complex structures. The values \u200b\u200bare located on the outside. Very spectacularly look at such models made of wood.
- Marshamic. The most common design. The string in this case form a march and hold the steps.
Options for fastening steps
From the part it may seem that stairs on the growths look monotonously and simple. But it's far wrong. There is a huge amount of options for constructing.
In order to pick up optimal option Installations should be studied possible methods Mounting steps:
- The valve steps are not just inserted into the grooves done in advance, but gently move in them. The cut-out recess must have not only the input for the steps, but also the output. In these designs, the sticking can be dismantled, without disassembled the entire design of the stairs.
- Curvage steps - standard reception of the connection of coming and risers. A hole is cut in advance in advance in which the step is clogged. In order to do the grooves, you should use a manual milling machine. If there is no millingrer, you can take the chisel and the hammer. But this method requires a lot of time. After the steps are fixed on the same theater, you should fill the second element from the other edge.
- Application of corners. This method implies the use of additional elements. In order not to spend time on cutting the corners, you can attach corners from the metal to the sidewalls. It is for these additional elements in the future will be attached to stick up.
Staircase: Fixing and Marking Features
If you plan to build a staircase with mortise steps, then the grooves are made from the inside. Their depth must be from 1.5 to 2 centimeters. After that, the grooves are accurately inserted into the grooves and sticking out. Working yourself, remember that the string should have cuts with smooth edges and the same depth.
Carefully set markup mutual location Grooves on two supporting beams. If it is uneven, in the future there may be an unexpected hauling of the staircase.
Specialists recommend in such cases to make special templates carved from a thin sheet of plywood. In order for the action to not turn into spaces, the guides should be attached to a distance of 50 millimeters from a pre-marked line.
Marking for grooves occurs as follows. Longitudinal lines are applied on the inside of the beam. From the edges of the beams, they must retreat by 50 millimeters. If such a need arises, then this distance can be reduced to 30 millimeters. Further ready template Gently moves along the edge using guides. The layout of the steps are marked with a pencil.
Remember that when applying marking on the theater of one staircase, the location of the grooves must be completely mirror.
The lower and upper parts of the support beams must completely coincide with the floors. But the vertical will be the coincidence or horizontal, directly depends on the type of construction.
Specialists who know all the features of fastening and markup are not advised to quickly freeze extra ends. It is possible that they will need to be inserted into a special support beam during the final editing.
In order to get a reliable and very strong staircase on the assets, the fastening of the side elements is best done using rods. It can be wooden litter on bolts or wedges, as well as metal litter on the nuts. Mounted heavy from two edges of the stairs and in its central part. These elements make it possible to avoid unwanted sidewalls, which occurs in case of walking along steps and at high load on them.
Instructions for installation do it yourself
Determine the height of the design, its dimensions and the number of steps. In order for you to get a string, take the wooden stick required thickness. As noted above, pumping the grooves should be performed using templates.
With independent cutting of the grooves, you should copy the marks from the template to the workpiece. Wood is processed by a special milling with a nozzle of the required diameter.
After that, fix the internal structure at the construction site and connect all the elements of the steps. When the work is completed, from the second side the elements of the steps press the other theater and carefully pick up. With the help of glue and nails, it is possible to make a structure more durable and reliable in use.
By installing heavy, you can prevent unwanted loosening of the staircase. These are mounted at the rate of one on 5 steps.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that it is not so difficult to construct the string for the staircase, as it may seem at first glance. Before using the staircase for its intended purpose, make sure the strength of the mounts should be ensured.
If necessary, you can install additional vertical reference elements. For this purpose, it is suitable tube from a metal or a tree beam. The models of stairs are interesting, which are mounted using suspensions to ceiling overlap.
As for fences, they can be installed on both the taper and the steps themselves. It all depends on your aesthetic preferences. If you are not sure how to handle your work yourself, even with video instructions, then better contact the specialists. In the company "Ladders Master" work masters who will fulfill all the tasks set in front of them not only quickly, but also qualitatively. Such a ladder is guaranteed to be reliable, durable and aesthetically attractive.
The stairs between the floors in country houses are equipped with carriage beams, which is Kosur or a valid. Both structures are quite reliable, but differ in the method of fastening steps to beams. It is best adapted to the staircase with a guide, at which the step needs to be attached to the internal grooves.
The outer part hides the location of the docking, which does not spoil the appearance of the structure. The type of stairs is smooth and inclined, the steps are arranged between the boards. You can buy a ready wooden or metal Kosor with a toothed edge, while the mount is carried out on the teeth for the boards.
The size of the stairs with Kosourch is more compact, but less reliable. Holders of multi-storey housing choose different ways, how to fix the steps to the taper of the ladder from the tree, while making them open or closed, with the Organization of the riser. You can always buy a finished project, but if you wish, all work can be held with your own hands.
Staircase with a guy
The staircase will be more reliable and convenient for active operation, if it is fixed on balasine fences. Each support column is attached vertically to the handrail, connecting the bottom with the beam in increasing no more than 15 centimeters. Such a fastening is necessary for safe placement of fencing and minimal stock.
Installation of the staircase from wood is performed independently in a short time, but it is necessary to carefully choose wood for the design to prevent cracking and separation of resin over time. Reliable material and competent calculation allow you to establish a staircase for a long time, and none of the details will submit the owner for service life. Railings and platforms, marching stairs for any floor need to be secured by balanas, so the installation of this item is especially important.
Bashed balusters on the stairs, at the base of which there is a valiant, you can anywhere, because the mount is not made on the step, but on the beam. Usually installing the racks is done from the outside in the sidewall of the carrier beam. In this case, screws are used, which are screwed into the grooves and are covered with decorative swords. Over the face of the lamella, the baluster is fastened through the board, the size of which is more than the taper. Such a subfalsesennik below has a groove, which is put on the tutor. On top of this design, the racks are screwed using self-tapping screws.
Experts recommend attaching the design with a nozzle on the theater with joinery glue (to combine them), and the attachment is made by study. The baluster beam is planted with the help of ducts, round spikes for fasteners. It is necessary in the rack to pre-make a hole for them, avoiding the backlash. The wrenches in the racks are inserted tightly and performed fixation with adhesive mortar. The string and railing is connected by the lower parts of the waders.
How to mount racks to the tutor?
To the surface of the supporting beam racks are mounted with studs. This will require an ordinary drill and an end-type saw. Materials will require a string itself, racks for fencing, galvanized studs with threads at least M6, PVA glue in a tube. Typical sequence of work:
- It is necessary to place places for mounting the railing in the form of racks. If a complex design is chosen, the project is recommended to check for professionals;
- It is recommended to reliably mount the rack and cut down its bottom corners, withsting the angle of the inclined beam;
- Make holes with a diameter of 12 mm for a length of 80 mm;
- Drown the studs in the adhesive composition and insert into the holes, leaving the outward 7 centimeters;
- Make holes in the tutor, for this drill drill need to be fixed up to 14 mm. Depth of operation - 10cm;
- Balaasins are inserted with studs, while the fixation process comes from extreme columns.
To the theater of the stairs, the stage is fastened with the insertion or mounting on the support parts. Such can be attributed special bars, which are attached to the beam with the help of screws on sticking. Itself coming down the same screws is attached to supports.
Some experts recommend to combine the step. In this case, short bars are used for gluing, which makes the surface not solid, but with the seams of longitudinal and transverse type. You can smooth out in a checker order, which resembles the connection of the parquet.
The option of arrangement of the staircase with stairs embedded in a gauge with grooves in 2 cm is allowed. It is necessary to pre-store them, retreating from the edge edge, then insert the appropriate with the riser. Most. simple way is the screwing board from the end of the screw.
The staircase and its assertive will be reliable and safe if the tents are docked on bales. In this case, there are several sections in the beam, the fastening of which is made in balasine grooves.
All the incoming load from the top of the stairs goes to the fence poles, so the entire design becomes a single system. Balaasins, the step and theater will be interconnected. The choice of stage type does not affect the strength of the structure, but if you smack the steps, the surface characteristics will be significantly increased.
Methods for fastening steps to the thetive stairs
Fastening
Fastening of a mortise type can be made independently using a drill and manual milling mill, chisel and a jigsaw, a screwdriver. It is also worth preparation of screws, Phaneur, Tree Rake, Rake, and Disposal.
- The theater needs to be placed by a pattern from plywood, in which it is cut off with a riser or without it in the size of the march;
- Perform the applying line with an indent from the edge of the edge to 50mm;
- Make the fastening of the rail of the guide type, sliding along the top of the board. The template moves according to the material in such a way that the vertices of the zigzags of the steps are located on the support line;
- Make grooves in the tutor, with the mandatory observance of the corner to the location of the material fibers. Reliable way to perform the right groove - use stencil with a hole in the plywood. In this case, the jigsaw and a drill can be made the desired hole size;
- The beam is put on the goats, on top of it there is a stencil so that coming coincided, make fastening;
- The milling direction is cut into the direction of the clockwise movement, the grooves are cut into 20cm into depth, after which the corners are processed;
- Having made the right number of grooves, the staircase is going, each stage in the groove is cleared with glue;
- The risers and adoptions need to be fastened with a screw, each stage is fastened with screws to the tent. A decorative plug is installed over the fastener.
Fastening supports
Fastening steps with the use of metal supports does not require a milling processing. From the tools only the hammer and drill, nails, screws and metal corners will be needed. It is necessary to post a disposal according to the pattern from plywood, then mount the supporting bar with nails. Screws fix corners from metal using harvested holes. Each stage is connected to the reference element of the screw.
The staircase with one-sided guide when the second function is performed by the wall, it is done as fastening of steps and balasine. To do this, you need to make a tutor in which cutting into cutting grooves. The sticky and risers are going to the steps. The bottom of the steps are attached to the groove on the supporting beam on the one hand, and on the other - to the baluster.
The lower racks are fixed in the floor with bolts, connecting with them the base of the bottom stage with them. The installation of the second stage fixed to the rack of the fence (handrail) is carried out. The rear of the bottom stage is needed for support of the front of the next stage, and the middle is fixed to the racks. This principle works for all steps in the stairs.
When choosing a design option for a staircase in a private house, you should pay attention to the stairs on the growths. This is perhaps the most classic way of execution. In addition, such a staircase can be made without risers, which will reduce the cost of material and facilitates the design. What the steps look like, of course, everyone knows. But how is it how to cut the guide to fasten them? We will tell about this below.
What is a valiant
The ATUT represents the support bearing beams located on the sides, with grooves cut on the inner side. Passs are designed to mount steps. Such beams are usually two. But if the staircase on one side adjoins the wall, then in this case only one will need opposite side. From the walls of the wall, the mount is carried out at the parodes.
There are ladders on the tester and without (open). At the same time, the absence of them will make the design more easy and less expensive, but in terms of reliability it will give up.
Material
As a building material for the ladder, a tree or metal is most often used. It will come up and reinforced concrete, but at home will be difficult to make such a tutor.
The most optimal option is perhaps wood. Such a staircase and looks great, and there is no need to work with welding that can spoil appearance The presence of seams.
When choosing wood worth paying attention to the following breeds:
- Coniferous. A minus ate, pines, fir and cedar will be the extraction of resin. This may affect how the paint will smoothly fall. Although such breeds look great and in natural color. In addition, they have good specifications.
- Deciduous. This type of wood is chosen most often due to the simplicity of processing and painting. Among them are oak, klyon, cherry and beech.
When choosing a sawn timber for a future theater, it is necessary to calculate its dimensions so that the beam is solid, without splicing. Length and width must be in accordance with project recommendations.
Calculation of the Tetiv
To calculate the formula, which depends on the length of the step. There are several rules for competent calculation.:
- The human step has a length of 63 centimeters. Based on this, the optimal ratio will be in the formula for calculating: 2 heights of the stage + the depth of the stage \u003d 63 ± 3 centimeters.
- The most comfortable slope of the stairs is considered 30-40 degrees.
- The optimal step depth parameter is 28-30 centimeters. In the case when the gauge is unable to provide the desired depth, the step is wider, compensating for the lack of a protrusion.
- The optimal parameter of the height of the stage is 15-20 centimeters.
As for dimensions, they will depend on how long the future has. At the same time there are standard sizes. The wooden support beam of 90 centimeters width should have a thickness of at least 4 centimeters and width - 30 centimeters. A suitable level for the grooves is 2-3 centimeters.
It should be understood that the distance between the grooves and their width on the inner plane of the theetics will set the characteristics of the span - the width and height of the stage. In addition, these parameters affect the angle of the staircase.
The minimum beam width will be 27.5 centimeters. This value is due to the need to leak the strip of the theetting over and under the steps of a width of at least 5 centimeters.
When applying marking on the theater, it is taken into account that the number of steps will actually be less than the calculated one. This happens because the last step of the stairs is the floor of the second floor. To apply markup on the theater, you can use a ruler or corner. But in this case, there is a risk of formation of error. It is best to prepare a special template.
Steps can be placed relative to the theft in the following ways.:
- The reference line is absent. For such a grocery, the grooves are made open.
- With support line. In this case, the inserts are made closed.
- With a support line, but without cut-in, and using the support fastening, lining, corners.
The reference line is a feature applied to the entire length of the beam edge. It is placed at a certain level, but not less than 50 mm. from the edge.
After all the details of the stairs are ready, it is necessary to produce them with antiseptics and impregnate with primer.
Instructions for manufacture
Before starting work, it is necessary to make calculations and prepare the required material. Next produce marking. After that, you can start making.
Work will be held using the following tools:
- linek, construction level;
- electrolovka;
- manual milling machine;
- drill;
- rubber tip hammer.
The grooves are cut after applying markup using a manual milling machine. These works will prepare the ladder to install the steps.
After that, the design is made. The strings of the ladder will adjust the two surfaces - the landstock of the first floor and the ceiling overlap or half the second floor.
The maximum load in the design of the stairs falls on the lower support. At the top of the top support there is a load vertical typeIf there is a horizontal support on the site.
Fastening the teta can be produced at the wall. In this case, it is necessary to make a thorough measurement of the beams and sprinkle the top and bottom where the supports on the floor and the transverse beam goes.
Most often use a construct having mortise. The grooves in the support board make two perhapmers. At the same time, it is important that they are all the same and even - this will help to avoid "walking" a step. It is best to use a template for smooth distance marking. For its manufacture, the plywood is suitable for which the straps with an indentation of 5 cm from each angle.
Cutting grooves can be done manually, but it is better to cut holes with a milling manual machine using a stencil.
Manufacture of stencil:
- A pair of bars is nailed in such a way that they are parallel to the edge of the rust. It is necessary to preserve the distance between them equal to the width of the theettes.
- Place the stencil in order to draw a support line that coincides with the beam.
- Stencil for steps is put on the template under the milling.
- Combine lines supports.
- Draw a lines corresponding to the sides of the sticky.
- The stencil for the steps is moved to the banned line, rubbing the marker with a marker.
After that, go to cut holes. Lobzik or drill will suit this. With their help, it is necessary to do holes in the size of a little big than necessary. After that, the tents are put on the goats, and the markup is applied using the stench. Hole with a diameter of 15 or 20 mm. cut off with a milling machine. In the corners take place.
Installation is carried out in the following order:
- It is going to march that put on the side in such a way that a welcoming action is placed below. After that, they carry out a line from the inside of the risk and upper steps.
- Next, it is watched by a line connecting the rear edge of the frieze sticking to the plinth level. Often, this line has a length of 7.5 cm.
- Now it is necessary to remove the upper risers. The guide is scolded on the guides.
- The bottom of the beam is scolded parallel to the floor lines.
- Before installing, recess placed on the top supporting rack. This excavation is used to put the rack on the upper overlap. Reception make when installing the finished march.
Calculation of the position of Marsha
- The apparatus is attached to both supporting racks using a tower into special pre-made grooves.
- To increase the reliability of the staircase fastening, it is necessary to secure the march to the beams. This is done with screws through the support racks. To the wall fastening is performed through the theater.
Fastening the guide to the floor can be done in two ways.:
- Installing the support rack is made in a pre-prepared hole in the floor screed.
- Setting the support rack is made using steel anchors. This option is the easiest to implement.
The main difference between the stairs on the assets from the ladders of another type consists in the method of supporting the steps. In the stairs on the platforms, the levels lie on the cosoms from above, here the steps are located between the growths (Fig. 12.1).
When a person comes to the step, it bends down and straightened immediately after removing the load - at the ends of the stage there is a space. So that the tents from the effects of the exposure are "separated" in different directions, they are fastened with a steel rod having a diameter of about 10 mm, a thread is made at the ends of the rod.
Sometimes they use heavy designs (Fig. 12.2).
Fig. 12.1. In the stairs on the growth of the steps are located between the growths
Fig. 12.2. Staircase on wooden asserts with mortise steps:
a-general view of the stairs: 7-groove under steps; b- various methods Basins TETIV: 2- screw litter; 3-litty with wooden wedges; 4-litty with steel wedges;
in-markup on the pattern of the taisle with the same dimensions of the steps: 5-sheet plywood; 6 Wooden guides
Production of grooves for steps
The staircase on the assets with mortise steps (that is, when the risers and sticking are inserted into special grooves made in assets) is the most common design (Fig. 12.3). Pages must have a depth of 15-20 mm.
So that coming tightly adjacent, the grooves in the tutor must be made smooth and the same depth.
The design does not turn if before the teething to accurately place the tutor. To mark the grooves, use the template, the design of which is practically no different from the template manufactured for stairs with Kosomers.
Template for marking the guards is also made from plywood. The difference of this template is that when it is manufactured, the rail must be shifted by 30-50 mm from the design dimensions of the stage (Fig, 12.4). The indent is being done so that during the sawing, it is not accidentally cutting into the tutor to the very edge of the workpiece, turning it in this way in Kosur.
ATTENTION
With the markup of two tents of one staircase, remember that the tents are mirror reflection each other and, accordingly, placing them need mirror.
Placing the risers and sticking should be by moving the template along the edge of the taper. To do this, apply 3-5 cm at a distance from the long edge of the feed line (along the edge). By moving the template along the edge of the taper, mark the line of the stages, their vertices must be on the drawn line. At one end, the extended markup line must correspond to the level of the floor of the upper floor or an intermediate platform, on the other - the floor level of the first floors. You can cut these ends right away, but it will still be better to first try on the place of its installation.
Fig. 12.3. Such a staircase on the growths with ease will decorate even the palace
Fig. 12.4. Production of grooves and the process of assembling the stairs:
a- Practitioner: 1-pencil; 2- reference line; J- Disposal; 4-line sticky;
6-milling grooves: 5-groove; 6 - stencil; 7th time; in-assembly stairs
There are two ways to manufacture grooves for coming:
hand tool;
milling machine.
Regardless of which the wood was made of a valiant (from solid either from glued), the grooves under the steps should be chosen in the direction of wood fibers.
Of course, it will be better to take advantage of the milling machine and milling fan-stencil instruments. A similar stencil is made: you need to nail to a piece of plywood rectangular shapes two bars parallel to the edges of the taisle, the distance between them ultimately should become equal to the width of the theettes.
1. Put the plywood stencil on the theater and apply the reference line on the stencil.
2. Remove the wooden rails from the stage template and put the pattern on the stencil for the grooves in such a way as to match the reference lines.
3. Spend lines that match the parties of the stage.
4. Put the stencil come back and circle it.
5. If necessary, expand the size of the opening to the distance, which is equal to the distance between the round flange of the milling machine and the cutter (see Fig. 12.4).
6. Using the jigsaw and drills, make an enlarged hole in the stencil.
7. Then put the tutor on the goats and install the manufactured stencil on the tutor.
9. Cut the cutter on a lead to a depth of 1.5-2 cm in several passes.
10. At the end of the work it is necessary to treat the corners of the grooves using the bit.
Fastening steps to assets
Before installing steps in the theettes, wake the ends of the steps with glue.
If you are satisfied with the connections on the wedges, expand the grooves in assets with a bias to the back of it, they should turn out a trapezoidal form. Inserted into the grooves is objected to below with wedges, the wedges pressed it to the upper side of the excavation (Fig. 12.5, 12.6).
Often, for the safety and increasing reliability of the compound of the adupulice, the teta is attached also with the help of screws screwed up with the front side of the theft. Screwing heads will not spoil the appearance of the stairs if they will burst into the theater, and then sharpen.
You can go somewhat differently: blow the screws into the woods of the taisles, after which the hodges of the holes from the tree and shry.
There are other methods with the help of which you can attach the steps to the growths, for example, to attach to the growths of bars having a square and triangular cross section, to fix the steps of the sibods or steel fasteners.
So that these methods can be applied, the theettes must be made of planed smooth boards that do not have grooves. For the inner side of the boards are attached by screws of the surnames or short bars, which are already fixed in the future.
The adoptions and risers in these compounds are fastening similarly to the connections of stairs on the cosos.
The device of rotary stairs on the growth
Combining the turns of the stairs on the growths that do not have intermediate sites, dock the testers on the racks of the staircase fence (Fig. 12.7), you can also use swivel fittings.
Pulling the stairs on the assets of the bassines of the fence looks very beautiful and elegant, besides, it is a reliable and durable connection. All stresses arising in the lower belt of the stairs, docked by this method, are transferred to the staircase fence, that is, in the upper belt of the staircase. In other words, as a result of dusting with the help of staircase balaasine, a spatial system is formed, characterized by enviable rigidity.
The connection of the tutor with the help of rotary fittings is more complicated than the previous one compound. However, this option has its own dignity - does not limit the design of the stairs with only one type of fence. In principle, this docking node is a truncated version of the connection on the balusters, but without the top belt of the staircase. Instead of a swivel beam (as in the previous connection), short pieces are used here. Connection units The tents must be performed very high quality.
Fig. 12.5. The staircase is almost ready
Fig. 12.6. Options for compounds of steps with assets: A-docking steps in the groove; The dynamics of steps without a risk in the grooves of the gadgets: / -Codentoys;
2- disposal; 3-groove; 4th time;
enchanted with sweeping and risers in the groove
theets;
g-docking steps without risers in the grooves of the gadgets with subflinking;
drawing steps with risers in the grocery grooves
with a subflinking: 5- wedge;
e- connection of steps without risers with bars,
outdoor on the line: 6-bar;
f-connection of steps with sofams, outer
on the Tutor: 7-Pod
The theettes of two-hours stairs are attached similarly (Fig. 12.8):
the central supporting rack of the fence is fastened to the carrier platform, the internal tents of the descending and ascending staircase marches are signed;
the testers are mounted bolts to the side faces of the support balasine; Warning theettes are nourished, respectively, to the wall.
For the manufacture of staircases, 50-millimeter tongs are usually taken, which are placed on top of the area beams, the boards are put on bars. The bottom beams are laid below.
Fig. 12.7. Variants of the device of compounds of the type "Schip - groove" in the growths of rotary stairs: A- stocking the tent on the baluster: 7-antimony; 2 balaasine; B- MENTISMENT OF THE TETIVE ON ROOMS FITTINGS: 3-rotary fitting
Fig. 12.8. Variants of nodes of the connection of the tutor on the turning platform of the two-year staircase: A- manifestation of the guilty on the central support; B - the fiction of the guilty on the balusters (allows you to push the marches)
Typically, the testers are made of glued boards, and all the cutters are performed on glue. I must say, the nodes of stairs on wooden connections are gradually loosened and begin to creak, therefore, if you are new to carpentry work, it is better to connect the rusties with metal tighter products, with which you can securely and for a long time to fix the docking nodes.
