Arrangement of the KAMAZ cab. Tuning of KamAZ trucks that improve the appearance and factory characteristics. Installing the cab tilt pump

SECTION 9. CAB

The cab has a sprung suspension that provides reliable isolation from road traffic. The cab tilts forward to service the engine. In the operating position, the cab is held by two lever-type locking devices.

The cab doors are equipped with retractable windows and pivoting vents. Windshield glasses are safe, of the “triplex” type. A device for cleaning and washing windshields - with an electric drive, consists of an electric motor with a gearbox, rods and brushes, a tank with electric pump located in the cab under the instrument panel, pipes, nozzles and control keys.

Natural ventilation through the windows and door vents, a ventilation hatch in the roof, as well as a heating system powered by an engine cooling system with forced air supply to the feet of the driver, passengers, windshields and door windows, allow you to set the optimal temperature in the cab at any season and protect glass from freezing.

Technical specifications cabins

Table 9-1.

Cabin weight, kg: Triple room without berth;	550
Triple with berth	572
Overall dimensions of the cabin, mm:
length (along the wings)	1890
length of the cab with a berth	2210
width (along the wings)	2482
inner shoulder width	2040
height (with wings)	2040
Cab tipping angles, city .:
permissible limiter
maximum when removing the engine *
Angle of rotation of wipers from horizontal, degrees:	8...98
Wiper speed, double strokes per minute	30; 70
Pressing force of the wiper blade to the glass, N (kgf)	3,43...3,92 (0,35...0,4)
Washing windshields	from an electric centrifugal pump built into the tank
Windshield washer reservoir capacity, l
The angle of inclination of the backrest of the driver's seat from the vertical, deg.	9...19
Longitudinal travel of the driver's seat, mm	135
The angle of inclination of the backrest of the right passenger seat from the vertical, hail.
Seat belts:
driver	diagonal waist RB 3-44
average passenger	belt RB ZS-45
extreme passenger	diagonal waist RB 3-45
Rear view mirrors	flat or spherical, with two degrees of freedom, mounted on the outer door panel

* When the cab is tilted by 61 °, first remove the buffer (or headlights) and lift the trim panel.

The cab is equipped with reliable multi-layer thermal insulation and soft upholstery. The driver's seat is adjustable for optimal working conditionsdriver. The cab has seat belts for all three cab seats.

Special aerodynamic devices: side fairings, roof fairings, the installation of which is provided on the cabins, reduce aerodynamic resistance to vehicle movement, increase fuel efficiency, and reduce vehicle pollution when driving on wet roads.

The car cab consists of the following main parts: body, doors, glazing, seats, thermal insulation and interior parts, equipment, as well as parts of the tail (fenders, steps, cladding panel, etc.) and cab fastening parts.

Cab body

The cab body is the power part of the cab and the basis for fastening all components and equipment.

The cabin body is all-metal, assembled by spot welding from stamped panels, pre-assembled into assembly units: floor, front, two sidewalls, rear and roof. Moreover, cabins without a berth and with a berth are maximally unified with each other. For cabins with one and two berths, only the roof differs and sidewall extensions and the middle rear panel (the berth itself) are added. All cab panels are made of 0.9 to 1.2 mm sheet steel. The stiffness of the panels is ensured by the ribs stamped in the panels and the panels' frames.

At the junction of the panels, complex closed sections of the car frame beams are formed, which, together with the frames of the panels and panels themselves, create the power circuit of the car and provide high rigidity and strength of the car.

Cab fixing

The cab is secured to the frame at four points with two front pivot points and two rear suspension legs with a locking mechanism.

Front pivot bearings(Fig. 9-1) consist of lower brackets 21 and 26, bolted to the first cross member of the frame, and upper brackets 27, which are fixed to the floor cross member. A hinge joint between them allows the cab to be tilted forward.

Rice. 9-1. Front linkage, cab balance and cab tilt stop:1 - floor panel; 2 - support sleeve; 3 - torsion support; 4 - the axis of the torsion support; 5 - torsion bar lever; 6 - locking pin; 7 - right longitudinal reinforcing beam; 8 - extension cord; 9 - top stand; 10, 20 - finger; 11 - bottom stand; 12 - plate; 13 - upper bracket of the cabin lift limiter; 14 - square; 15 - torsion bars; 16 - upper pillow; 17 - bottom pillow; 18 - torsion bushing; 19 - front mount support; 21 - lower left bracket; 22 - reinforcing bar; 23 - cross member No. 1; 24 - oiler; 25 - right side member; 26 - lower right bracket; 27 - upper bracket.

To mitigate vibrations transmitted from the frame to the cab through the front struts, rubber cushions are integrated into the top brackets. In the lower brackets of the front attachment of the cab, the torsion bars 15 of the cab balancing mechanism are fixed.

Rear cab mount(Fig. 9-2) is combined with the soft suspension of the cab and consists of longitudinal leaf springs 13, which are attached to the brackets 16 rigidly fixed to the frame side member 9, and two hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers 8, which are fixed to the bracket 17 by the lower lug and the upper with an eye - there are 12 springs in the cage. The bracket 10 of the locking mechanism is attached to the spring clip, to which the locking device attracts the cab. The downward movement of the cab is limited by a cushion 15, which is built into the shock absorber.

Rice. 9-2. Rear cab support:1 - constipation bracket; 2, 7 - pillow; 3 - gasket; 4 - spring bushing; 5 - the axis of the spring ear; 6 - support washer; 8 - shock absorber; 9 - frame spar; 10 - bracket for the cabin lock; 11 - safety bracket; 12 - spring clip; 13 - cab spring; 14 - spring gasket; 15 - stepladder; 16 - upper shock absorber bracket; 17 - shock absorber bracket for rear cab mounting.

Shock absorber the cab suspension mechanism is similar in design to the shock absorbers of the front suspension of the car. At a piston speed of 0.25 m / s, the control data of the shock absorber resistance forces during the compression stroke is 94.2 ... 259 N (9.6 ... 26.4 kgf), during the rebound stroke - 895 ... 1271 N (91 , 2 ... 129.6 kgf).

Cab tipping mechanismserves to facilitate the forward tilt of the cab when servicing the engine and should provide almost complete balance of the cab in any tilted position.

The cab tilt mechanism consists of two interchangeable torsion bars 15 (Fig. 9-1), which are fixed with square ends in the lower brackets 21 and 26 of the front supports, and with slotted ends are freely installed in the rubber bushings of the opposite brackets. Interchangeable levers 5 torsion bars are fixed at the spline ends with tie bolts, which with their upper ends abut against the bushings 2 of the supports of 3 torsion bars.

The torsion bars in the transport position of the cab are twisted at an angle of 53 °.

The cab tilts 41 ° and, if necessary (to remove the engine), can tilt 61 °. To do this, release the extension of the cab tilt limiter.

Cars have a mechanism for raising and lowering the cab (Fig. 9-3) with a hydraulic drive and manual control. The mechanism consists of a hand pump, a cylinder for raising and lowering the cab, oil supply pipes connecting the pump and the cylinder. As the handle of the pump drive shaft, a mounting blade for tires or a wrench for a wheel wrench is used.

Rice. 9-3. The mechanism for raising and lowering the cab:1 - pump bracket; 2 - pump mounting bolts; 3 - cab tipping pump; 4 - the right frame side member; 5 - cabin lifting tube; 6 - a tube for lowering the cab; 7 - hydraulic cylinder MOK; 8 - bracket; 9 - cylinder suspension pin; 10 - throttle; 11 - the back of the right front wing; 12 - pipe bracket; 13 - tube for lifting the spare wheel; 14 - tube for lowering the spare wheel.

Cab lifting and lowering pump(Figure 9-4) Plunger type, secured with four bolts to the bracket. The bracket, in turn, is bolted to the rear of the right front fender of the vehicle.

Rice. 9-4. Cab tilt pump:1 - pump casing; 2 - spring; 3 - cork; 4 - bushing of the discharge plunger; 5 - scraper; 6 - finger; 7 - pump handle; 8 - pressure finger; 9 - delivery plunger; 10 - plug with a probe; 11 - plug with atmospheric valve; 12 - tank; 13 - suction filter; 14 - safety valve; 15 - spool handle; 16 - reversible slide valve; 17 - spool; 18 - pump jet with filter.

Pump Specifications

Table 9-2.

The pump is controlled by setting the spools to one of the positions of the pump operating modes - RISE-LOWERING. The spools are installed using handles (Fig. 9-4).

The pump handle 7 has an opening of 20 mm for a mounting blade or wrench included in the tool kit for the car. The effort on the handle at a distance of 600 mm from the longitudinal axis of the handle at a pressure of 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2) should be no more than 38 kgf.

The level of the working fluid in the pump (cab in the transport position) is controlled by a dipstick located in the plug 10. Oil is used as the working fluid according to the vehicle's chemotological chart.

Rice. 9-5. Cylinder for raising and lowering the cab:1 - rod wiper; 2, 7 - cuffs; 3 - cork; 4 - cylinder glass; 5 - stock; 6 - half rings of the rod; 8 - washer; 9 - nut; 10 - traffic jam; 11 - pin; 12, 14 - sealing rings; 13 - sleeve cuffs; 15 - cylinder cover; 16 - cover nut.

Rice. 9-6. Throttle:1 - case; 2 - spring; 3 - ball; 4 - plug.

Cylinder for raising and lowering the cab(fig. 9-5) is equipped with safety valves (fig. 9-6). On the cylinder for raising and lowering the cab, the valves are installed on the outlet openings closed with plugs.

Safety valves, which are non-return throttle valves, close and stop lowering if the hose breaks or other damage to the system causes the cab to descend quickly.

The valves can also close when the oil supply is too sharp; in this case, to open the valve, the spool handles must be turned to the opposite position to the operation being performed (if the cab was lowered, set the handles to the lifting position, and then to the previous position and continue lowering).

Raising the cab. Before lifting the cab, the vehicle must be braked with the parking brake and the gear lever must be in neutral. Then it is necessary to turn the handles of both cab locks to the uppermost position and disengage the safety hook of the right lock.

To lift the cab to the first position (at an angle of 41 °), set the slide valve handles (Fig. 9-4) on the pump to the “Lift” position and, swinging handle 7 with a mounting paddle, raise the cab. To prevent accidental lowering of the cab, secure the limiter posts with a safety pin 6 (Fig. 9-1).

To lower the cab, remove the locking (safety) pin, set the handle 6 (Fig. 9-4) on the pump to the “Lowering” position and, swinging the handle 7 with a mounting paddle, lower the cab.

To lift the cab to the second position (at an angle of 61 °), remove the front bumper, lift the front cladding panel and raise the cab to the first position; unpin and remove the extension pin 8 (Fig. 9-1). Then, swinging handle 7 (Fig. 9-4) with a mounting paddle, raise the cab to the second position.

Possible malfunctions of the system of raising and lowering the cab and the spare wheel andways to eliminate them

Table 9-2.

Cause of malfunction	Remedy
Stiff rocking of the pump handle or complete seizure of the discharge plunger. The action of the system does not correspond to the position of the control levers
Incorrect connection of the hose ends or incorrect installation of the pump spools in their seats	Inspect the system, rearrange the hose tips correctly. Check and, if necessary, sort out the spool assemblies
Clogged nozzle or filter	Clean and rinse filter and jet
Water ingress into the working fluid and the formation of ice plugs, the use of non-recommended oil in the system	If ice is present, warm up and clean the pump, flush with fresh oil, change the oil in the pump. Remove oil from the entire system, fill the system with the recommended oil
When raising or lowering the cab or spare wheel, the system is jammed (usually after a sharp swing of the handle by the pump)
Safety valve closed and does not open	Turn the reversing spool handle to the opposite position to the operation being carried out, and then to the desired position and continue the operation
The pump is running (there is supply), but the cab does not rise (does not lower)
Defective pump safety valve (does not provide the required pressure)	Remove the valve, preventing oil from pouring out of the cylinder or hose, disassemble, clean, rinse, adjust to the required pressure of 15-17 MPa (150-170 kgf / cm 2). It is allowed to remove the valve filters without replacing them
The pump does not work (no supply), pump parts move without jamming
Malfunction of the suction valve of the pump (does not close at all or does not close tightly)	Unscrew plug 3 (Fig. 8-4), remove spring 2 and suction valve ball. Inspect valve parts and seat (inside body). Eliminate the cause of the malfunction

Cab tilt limiterlocated on the right side of the cab. The lower post 11 (Fig. 9-1) of the limiter rotates in the lower square 14, fixed on the plate 12 on the right frame side member. The upper post 9 through the extension is attached to the upper bracket 13, fixed to the longitudinal beam 7 of the cab floor. When the cab is raised, both struts create a stop that prevents spontaneous lowering of the cab. To prevent accidental folding of the stopper, there is a safety pin 6 between the lower and upper struts.

Mechanism of the locking cabin(Fig. 9-7) fixes the cab on the rear supports in the transport position and consists of two mechanical locks with a safety hook on the right locking device.

The body 6 of the lock is attached to the rear beam and the longitudinal beam of the cab floor. On the axis 4 of the lock, the handle 5 of the lock rotates. Hook 3 rotates on the axle pin. When fixing the cab, the body with its groove goes onto the bracket 1 (Fig. 9-2), welded to the bracket 10, fixed on the spring cage, and the hook 3 (Fig. 9-1) engages with the bracket. The design of the hook provides, when closing the lock, pulling the body 6 of the lock to the rubber pad 2 (Fig. 9-2) on the bracket bracket. The safety hook 8 is automatically snapped into the bracket by means of a spring 7.

To open the lock before tipping the cab, turn the handles of both locks from the lower position towards you, to the upper position, while the hook disengages from the shackle, then disengage the safety hook.

Rice. 9-7. Cab locking device 1 - handle stop; 2 - bracket; 3 - cabin lock hook;4 - the axis of the hook of the lock;5 - handle of the constipation; 6 - the body of the constipation; 7 - spring; eight - safety hook.

Cab doors

The cab doors open forward, are suspended from the front pillar, and are locked at the rear with a lock. The door consists of outer and inner panels, which are spot welded along the perimeter and along the contour of the window.

In the lower part of the inner panel there is a hatch for draining water from the door, closed with a polyethylene plug. In the middle part of the inner panel there are two hatches, designed for mounting and dismounting the power window, glass and door lock, covered with a plastic panel. Attached to the bottom of the inner door panel is a plastic pocket for small items.

The door seal consists of two seals. The first is a foam rubber door seal glued to the inner door panel around the entire perimeter. The second is a door opening seal made of an elastic rubber-metal profile, which is put on the door flange, which with its spongy part, made in the form of a tube, is pressed against the inner panel of the door.

The door is suspended from the front cab pillar on two hinges. Each hitch consists of a double lug and a three lug hinge connected by an axle. A two-lug hinge is welded to the inner door panel, and a three-lug hinge is attached with four bolts to the front cab pillar, inside of which there are special floating plates that allow adjustment of the door hinge. Restricts the door when opening and locks it in the open position a door stopper, which is an arcuate lever hinged to the inner door panel, with a rubber buffer and leaf springs at the second end, which engage with the latch when the door is fully opened.

Door locking deviceconsists of a door lock, a lock striker, an internal drive with a handle and an external handle with a handle lock button. The rotary door lock (Fig. 9-8) with a safety lock and a push-button drive is attached to the door end with three screws. When you press the button on the outer door handle, the button rod presses on the latch flag 4, which, when turning, disengages from the ratchet 2, which leads to the rotation of the rotor 5 and the opening of the door.

Rice. 9-9. Cable window lifter:1 - drum; 2 - drive roller; 3 - cable.

The inner door handle is connected to the lock by means of a drive and pull rod 7. The drive body is fastened to the inner door panel with three screws. When turning towards itself (up) the inner handle sitting on the splines of the drive leash axis, the latter, turning and compressing the springs 1, through the drive rod 7, turns the lever 6 of the lock rod, which, in turn, turns the latch 3, the ratchet 2, the rotor 5 castle.

When you turn the inner door handle away from you (down), the retainer spring enters the recess of the lock rod lever and fixes this latch position.

Now, pressing the button on the outside handle will not open the lock. When the doors are opened from the inside, the lock is removed from the fuse by turning the inner handle towards you.

From the outside, the door is locked with a lock built into the button on the outside door handle. When the key is turned (locked), the locking plate of the button with its protrusions enters the grooves of the handle and does not allow the button to move. In this case, the door can be opened from the inside.

When the door is closed, the lock rotor, turning, enters the latch, which is fastened with four screws to the rear pillar of the sidewall. The tight fit of the door to the opening is ensured by two ratchet positions: in the intermediate position and in the fully closed position.

Door windows include descending windows and swivel vents, which are separated from each other by fixed posts. Door glass - tempered, polished. Heat treatment ensures the strength of the glasses, and upon impact, the glass breaks into small blunt fragments. The sliding door glass moves up and down along the guides, which are fitted with rubber seals.

The lower end of the glass, being a support one, is pressed into a cage with a rubber gasket. A window regulator slide is welded to the clip in the middle.

The swivel window in the opening rotates on two axes. The pivots of the vents and the handle of the lock are fastened with screws through the holes in the glass. The window is opened by turning the handle 90 °, while the handle tongue disengages from the lock cylinder.

Window lifter door(fig. 9-9) with a cable drive, fixed to the inner door panel with six screws. Mechanisms of the right and left power windows are interchangeable.

When the window lifter handle rotates, the force is transmitted through the drive shaft 2 to the drive gear, which rotates the drum 1 with the cable 3 wound on it. The cable movement causes the movement of the lowering glass holder fixed on the vertical cable branch.

The drive has a large gear ratio (nine to ten turns of the handle to move the glass in one direction), therefore, the ease of moving the glass is ensured. The effort on the window handle is about three times less than the weight of the glass.

The glass is fixed in any position by a brake mechanism mounted on the drive roller. The braking mechanism can withstand a load of up to 75 kg applied to the glass in the vertical direction.

Windshield and rear cab windows

The windshield glass of the cockpit is panoramic, curved.

The windshield glass is reinforced along the window opening with a special rubber seal. The cross-section and hardness of the seal are selected in such a way as to ensure reliable glass fixation and tightness of the joint. The sealant adheres tightly to the glass and the opening along the entire contour and does not allow water to pass through. In addition, for better sealing, the sealing points with glass and with the opening of the wind window along the entire contour (or in the lower half of the contour) are coated with a sealing paste.

The lock and the edge of the seal protect the glass from falling out of the sealant.

The two rear cab windows have tempered polished glass.

Device for cleaning and washing windshields(fig. 9-10) includes an electric wiper and washer. The wiper and washer are controlled by the right lever of the combination switch (Fig. 1-24, item 2) and the wiper relay. To activate the washer pump 2, lift the wiper switch lever up and hold it in this position for no more than 10 s. In this case, the liquid from the tank 4 is supplied to the nozzles 2, through which it is sprayed onto the windshields. After lowering, the lever returns to its original position.

Rice. 9-10. Device for cleaning and washing windshields:1 - gear motor; 2 - jet; 3 - pump; 4 - washer reservoir; 5 - brush lever; 6 - transmission unit.

To turn on the wiper, move the wiper switch lever to one of the fixed positions. In the first position of the switch lever, the gear motor 1 provides 20 ... 45 double strokes of the levers with brushes per minute, in the second position - at least 45 with a difference between the first and second speeds of at least 15 double strokes per minute, in the third - intermittent operation of the wiper ...

In the off position of the switch, the brushes are automatically placed in their original position.

Installation and operation of light protection curtains

In the cabins of KAMAZ vehicles, it is possible to install light-shielding curtains.

Light protection curtains are installed on the windscreen, side and rear windows. Adjustable sun blinds for the windshield provide road visibility in the lowered position no more than 50 m from the front axle of the vehicle.

Windshield curtains.

Before installing the light protection curtains on the windshield, drill two holes I with a diameter of 3.6 mm on the cab frame (window opening amplifier) and fix the curtains with washer 6 and screw 5 (Fig. 9-11). Then drill six more holes II with a diameter of 3.6 mm along the holes of the curtains and fix the curtains. When unfolded, fasten the curtains with tapes 3 and 4, from which, before installing, remove the film from the sticky layer.

Adjust the curtain 2 in the lowered position by fixing the tapes of textile fasteners located on the front and back sides of the curtain on the tapes 3. In the upper position of the curtain, fix the belts 7.

Rice. 9-11. Installation of curtains for light-protective wind windows:1 - right curtain; 2 - left adjustable curtain; 3 tape; 4 - tape; 5 - screw; 6 - washer; 7 - belt;I and II - holes for attaching curtains

Side window curtains.

Clips 3 and buttons 4 are installed at the attachment points of the roof upholstery and sidewall (Fig. 9-12). Fasten the curtains (holes are provided in them) at the attachment points of the roof upholstery and sidewalls using latches and buttons, having previously removed them from the installation site.

Rice. 9-12. Installation of curtains for sidewall light-shielding windows:1 - right curtain; 2 - tape; 3 - retainer; 4 - button; 5 - belt

In the unfolded form, fasten the curtains using the tapes of textile fasteners and tapes 2 located on them. Before rolling the curtains to the upper position, bend them along the line Г (optionally). In the upper position, fix the curtains with straps 5.

Rear window curtains

Install the curtains on the rear windows in the same sequence as on the side ones. In order for the curtains in the extreme left and right corners not to bend, when installing inside the curtains, it is necessary to lay plates 3 (Fig. 9-13).

Before installing tapes 2, remove the protective film from the adhesive layer.

When unfolded, fasten the curtains with textile fasteners and tapes located on them 2. In the upper position, fix the curtains with belts 6.

Cab ventilation and heating

Cab ventilation is natural, it is carried out by using the oncoming air flow when the car is moving. For ventilation, you can use pivoting vents and sliding glass of the cab doors, and there is also a special ventilation hatch in the roof.

On KAMAZ vehicles of the MUSTANG family, a round cab hatch with a hinged lid is used (Fig. 9-14), designed to evacuate drivers and passengers.

To open the hatch cover, it is necessary to push up the hatch handle 3, connected to the rod 8, which will open the lock 4; open the hatch.

In the open state, the hatch is fixed in the latch 9 by means of the latch 11, the latch is located on the cab roof.

Rice. 9-14. Round roof ventilation hatch:1 - car roof; 2 - hatch cover; 3 - handle; 4 - hatch cover lock; 5 - finger; 6 - washer; 7 - cotter pin;8 - thrust; 9 - latch body; 10 - clip buffer; 11 - hatch lock; 12 - screw; 13 - nut.I - closed position of the hatch cover;II - open position of the hatch cover.

Cab heating(fig. 9-15) - water, from the engine cooling system, with forced air supply to the windshields, door windows, legs and face of the driver and passengers. The heater radiator 8 is located in the niche of the front panel on the outside of the cab, and two fans with air diffusers are located on the front panel on the inside and are covered with a plastic casing.

The heater radiator is included in the engine cooling system. Hot liquid enters the heater radiator through the inlet pipes and hoses 11, 16, 17 through the heater valve 10, located on the front panel next to the radiator. Through the supply hose 11, the liquid enters the lower part of the heater radiator, and through the drain hose 12 from the upper part of the heater radiator it enters the suction cavity of the water pump. The heater valve 10 regulates the amount of fluid entering the radiator from the engine cooling system and is activated by a flexible cable from the upper lever on the drive panel under the instrument panel to the left of the driver. When the lever is in the extreme left position, the tap is completely closed. The fluid from the engine cooling system does not flowinto the heater radiator - heating is off. By moving the lever to the far right positionheating, we smoothly increase the amount of liquid supplied to the radiator, thereby increasing the heating intensity.

Do not completely turn off the heater tap at negative ambient temperatures in winter to avoid freezing of the radiator, and at more low temperatures It is recommended to open the heater tap fully.

Rice. 9-15. Cab heating and ventilation system:1 - hot air distributor; 2 - heating control drive; 3 - windshield blower nozzle; 4 - side window blower hose; 5 - a hose for blowing a windshield; 6 - control cable for the left valve of the distributor; 7 - control cable for the right valve of the distributor; 8 - heater radiator; 9 - heater tap cable; 10 - heater tap; 11 - front heater supply hose; 12 - heater outlet hose; 13 - drain hose; 14 - engine radiator; 15 - drain valve; 16 - heater supply pipe; 17 - middle supply hose to the heater; 18 - water extraction branch pipe; 19 - electric motors; 20 - ventilation hatch.

The efficiency of the heater depends on the temperature of the coolant in the engine cooling system. At a liquid temperature below plus 75 ° C, the heater efficiency drops sharply.

Outside air through the grille of the facing panel enters the heater radiator 8, heats up and is supplied by the fans through the air distributors through the hoses 4, 5 to the windshield blowing nozzles 3, to the rotary air distributors 1 on the dashboard and with the distributor flap raised to the feet of the driver and passengers. The air deflectors on the dashboard can be rotated horizontally through an angle of 360 °, which allows the air flow to be directed to the door windows, to the driver and passengers, or additionally to the windshield.

The air distributor flaps are operated by flexible rods from the two lower levers on the drive shield to the left of the driver. The lower lever controls the left air distributor, the upper one controls the right. When the levers are in the extreme left position, the air distributor flaps are raised, air is supplied to the windshields, deflectors and to the feet of the driver and passengers. When the levers are in the extreme right position, the flap closes the hole in the lower part of the air distributors and air flows only to the windshield blow-off nozzles and to the rotating deflectors on the instrument panel. The intermediate positions of the levers can be used to achieve optimal air flow distribution throughout the cab. The power of the air flow entering through the radiator into the cab can be regulated by changing the rotational speed of the electric motors of the 19 heater fans. Electric motors 19 are controlled by the upper left button on the dashboard switch panel. The button has three fixed positions: the fans are off, the first speed and the second speed of the fans. At an outside air temperature of up to minus 10 ° C, it is enough to heat the cabin of the counter pressure of air, and only at very low temperatures it is necessary to turn on the electric motors of the fans at the maximum frequency (this ensures a normal temperature regime in the cabin and increases the service life of the electric motors). When operating the car in summer, when the heater tap is closed, shut off the air access through the heater radiator to the cab with a radiator cap.

Cab seats

Driver's seat(Fig. 9-16) single, with a torsion-type suspension mechanism and a hydraulic shock absorber, with adjustment of the suspension stiffness, longitudinal movement and backrest angle. The suspension of the driver's seat is carried out by a plate torsion bar installed in the tube 7. One end of the torsion bar is fixed tightly, the other is connected to the lever of the suspension stiffness adjustment mechanism.

Rice. 9-17. Passenger seat: 1 - back; 2 - seat sidewall; 3 - pillow; 4 - tool box.

16 15 14 13 12

Rice. 9-16. Driver's seat:1 - pillow; 2 - handle of the seat suspension stiffness adjustment mechanism; 3 - back; 4 - seat sidewall; 5 - comb lever; 6 - shock absorber; 7 - torsion tube; 8 - seat frame; 9, 10 - levers of the suspension hinges; 11 - bottom guides; 12 - comb; 13 - returnable spring; 14 - thrust; 15 - stopper; 16 - stopper lever; 17 - top guides; 18, 20 - cross-members of levers; 19 - base.

When the adjustment handle 2 is swinging, the torsion bar is either twisted to increase the suspension rigidity, or, conversely, the torsion twist is reduced. To do this, sitting on the seat, you need to pull back the handle 2 and turn it around the axis so that you can seesign “+” or “-” respectively. When driving on an uneven road, seat vibrations are damped by a hydraulic telescopic shock absorber 6 installed behind the seat back and reinforced with one end on the seat base, and with the other in the seat cross member. Single-tube shock absorber, gas-filled, non-separable. The downward sinking of the seat is limited by rubber bumpers. Seat suspension travel - 88 mm. The suspension is designed for a driver's weight of 491-1275 N (50-130 kgf).

The longitudinal movement of the driver's seat is carried out by moving the upper guides 17 together with the suspension mechanism and the seat along the lower guides 11 attached to the cab floor. Fixation of the position of the seat is carried out by a stopper 15, which holds the seat in one of ten fixed positions. When the stopper lever 16 is pressed, it comes out of the corresponding groove of the comb 12 and releases the seat. The spring returns the stopper to the opposite position. Seat travel -135 mm.

The backrest angle of the driver's seat can be adjusted to one of three fixed backrest positions: 9, 14 and 19 ° from vertical. The position of the backrest is fixed with the tabs of the backrest brackets, which fit into the grooves of the combs on both sidewalls of the backrest. When you press the lever 5 of the comb, the backrest is released and fixed in a new position. The cushion 1 and backrest 8 of the driver's seat are made of latex rubber or molded polyurethane foam 50 ... 70 mm thick, on a bowl-shaped sheet steel base. The upholstery of the cushion and backrest is made in two versions: from embossed artificial leather or from fabric with cross-stitching of loaves. The upholstery is fastened to the base flange with spring clips.

The driver's seat is installed in the holes in the cab floor and fixed with bolts welded to the lower guides 11 and self-locking nuts on the outside of the cab.

Middle passenger seathas no suspension and is not adjustable. The middle seat cushion (aligned with the driver's seat) is attached to a rigid support, and the backrest, also aligned with the driver's seat, folds forward to provide access to the berth. In the upper position, the back is held by two coil springs. The seat is secured to the floor with four bolts welded to the base of the seat base.

Outside passenger seat(fig. 9-17) is installed on the tool box. The backrest can be folded forward for access to the toolbox. Further, the backrest with a pillow hinges towards the driver.

Thermal insulation and cab upholstery

The cab is equipped with reliable multi-layer thermal insulation. To absorb vibration and noise from a running engine and the road, sheet vibration-insulating mastic is glued to the inside of the cab panels.

To insulate the cab from high engine temperatures, fiberglass thermal insulation is attached to the floor from below with a shiny heat-reflecting aluminum foil bottom surface. The thermal insulation is pressed to the floor with a wire frame. To remove the thermal insulation, it is necessary to bend the antennae that press the frame to the floor.

A laminated textile-bitumen board was laid on top of the floor as thermal insulation. The lower bituminous layer is welded to the floor surface. From above, a textile-bitumen plate is glued to it with a bitumen layer upwards.

On top of the thermal and noise insulation of the floor mats are laid: in the back - from artificial “leather with artificial felt, in the front, under the feet - rubber. The rugs are pressed to the floor by seats and sills.

The thermal and noise insulation of the front part of the cab consists of multilayer corrugated cardboard, sheathed with waterproof cardboard, and is attached to the front end with rubber buttons.

The thermal and noise insulation of the sidewalls, rear and roof is made of super-thin fiberglass plates glued to the panels in one or two layers. On top of the thermal noise insulation, a soft upholstery of the cab is attached, made of perforated artificial leather, duplicated with a five-millimeter layer of polyurethane foam on the inside, glued to the frame of the upholstery made of perforated fiberboard. The upholstery is attached to panel reinforcements or special holders with plastic clips.

Cabin accessories

Seat belts(Figure 9-18). The cabins have seat belt anchorage points and can be equipped with seat belts for all three seats.

Rice. 9-18. Seat belts:1 - driver's diagonal-lap safety belt; 2 - waist belt for the middle passenger;3 - diagonal-waist safety belt of the extreme passenger; 4, 12, 15, 21 - belt ears; 5, 9, 14 - belt fastening brackets; 6, 8 - floor amplifiers; 7, 10, 13 - traction belts; 11 - cabin floor; 16 - cab sidewall; 17 - diagonal belt mounting bolt; 18 - sidewall reinforcement; 19 - bushing; 20 - sidewall upholstery; 22 - bolt of fastening of brackets.

The driver's seat and the right-most passenger seat are equipped with diagonal lap seat belts 1, 3, and the middle passenger seat - with lap seat belt 2.

The driver's diagonal lap seat belt is attached at three points: at the rear in the upper corner of the sidewall and to the floor to the right and left of the seat. The diagonal waist belt of the outermost passenger is attached at one end to the sidewall in the rear upper corner and at the other ends to the floor to the right and left of the seat. The lap belt of the middle passenger is attached to the right and left of the seat to the floor.

All seat belt anchorage points are equipped with reinforcements 18, 6 and 8 welded to the sidewall and floor trim panels. Nuts (M10XU5) are welded to the amplifiers, to which the brackets 5, 9, 14 for fastening the seat belts are screwed on from the inside of the cab on the floor. Tie rods 7, 10, 13, belt buckle and lugs 4, 12, 15 belts are attached to the brackets with bolts (with an inch thread). The ears 21 of the diagonal belts of the driver and the outer passenger are attracted by bolts 17 directly to the sidewalls through a special bushing 19, which compensates for the thickness of the upholstery.

The seat belts are effective remedy protection of the driver and passengers from severe consequences in road traffic accidents.

On all models of KAMAZ vehicles (except for vehicles for Moscow Oblast), the manufacturer installs seat belts supplied by f. Moravan (Czech Republic) and SCM (Alatyr).

To fasten the belts, insert the belt tongue into the buckle until it clicks, avoiding twisting of the straps; to unfasten the belt, press the buckle button.

Seat belts must be worn on all journeys and must not be used by a child sitting on the passenger's lap. Each seat belt is used by one person only.

Disassembly of parts of the seat belt is not allowed.

If the straps are dirty, clean them with a mild soap solution. Ironing the ribbons is not allowed.

If there is significant damage to the belt (frayed webbing, cuts, retractor malfunction), as well as if the belt has undergone a critical load in a traffic accident, it must be replaced with a belt of the same model. The seat belt may be replaced by the organization operating the car, or by one of the service or warranty service companies for KAMAZ vehicles, the addresses of which are indicated in the appendix. If the consumer installs a seat belt of other brands or models, KAMAZ OJSC is not responsible for injuries caused by an accident or other damage, incl. on lawsuits.

Set of rear-view mirrors(fig. 9-19) consists of four mirrors: two rear-view mirrors, a wide-angle mirror and a side-view mirror. The mirrors are located outside and are attached to the outer door panel. One rear-view mirror is installed on the left side of the arm-holder. On the right side of the arc - one rear-view mirror and a wide-angle mirror. On the right, above the sliding door glass, a side-view mirror is mounted on a separate bracket, providing the driver with visibility of the road at the right front wheel.

Rice. 9-19. Rear view mirrors1 - side-view mirror; 2 - arc holder; 3 - wide-angle rear-view mirror; 4 - rear-view mirror.

Rice. 9-20. Sun visor:1 - visor; 2 - visor holder; 3 - adjusting screw; 4 - clamp; 5 - clip plate; 6 - insert; 7 - clamp body.

Rear-view mirrors and wide-angle mirrors can be rotated relative to the holder around the vertical and horizontal axes. In the working position, the arc holder is held by means of a special spring fixing device of the bracket. On the axis of the bracket, the holder can be displaced close to the door.

The side view mirror is mounted on a ball joint and has a wide adjustment range.

Mirror glasses - spherical, polished, with aluminum coating.

Sun visors(Fig. 9-20) are fastened using special pads 5 clamps with friction liners 6 above the wind window. Holders of 2 visors are screwed into the bodies of these clamps, and the visor is rotated relative to the holder, thereby allowing you to set the desired position of the visor. The force of turning the visor should be about 49 N (5 kgf). To regulate this force, it is necessary to tighten the adjusting screw on the clip of the holder and in the places where the visor is attached to the holder with a screwdriver.

The visor is made of a wire frame with soft upholstery.

Dashboard - all-metal, welded. The front part of the panel has special edging at the top and bottom for injury protection. The plane of the panel is divided, as it were, into three parts: the left part is the instrument panel, which is fastened with two screws at the top and hinged at the bottom. In the middle part there is a switch panel with an ashtray. The switch panel also pivots forward on the hinges and is held in the upper position by a spring clip. The right side of the dashboard is occupied by the glove compartment. Entrance handrails and decorative plastic trims are attached to the sides of the dashboard.

Plastic storage boxfastened to the dashboard using special metal struts with screws. From the outside, the drawer is closed with a metal lid, which is constantly pulled into the upper closed position with the help of the spring mechanism of the drawer door stopper. In the lower open position, the cover is held by the same spring mechanism.

Plumage car

The plumage includes the following assembly units: cladding panel, front and rear fenders and mudguards, footboards, mud frame decking, various aerodynamic devices.

The cladding panel of the front part of the cab is made of lifting to provide access to the cab heater, glass cleaning and washing devices located on the front, to electrical equipment, pneumatic systems, front cab supports, etc.

The cladding panel consists of two panels (top and bottom), bolted together. The lower panel has a grille for air supply to the radiator of the engine cooling system. For greater rigidity, both panels are reinforced. At the top, the cladding panel is fastened with screws on two hinges to the front of the cab. In the raised position, the cladding panel is fixed with two telescopic stops, consisting of a stand, a clip and a pawl that fixes the stops when the cladding is raised.

In the lowered position, the cladding panel is locked with two locks that are attached to the lower cladding panel. The locks are activated by pressing the cladding panel and open by pulling the cladding panel towards you. In case of poor fixation of the locks in the lower position of the facing panel, it is necessary to move the lock and the larvae on the front to the desired position within the holes, and, if necessary, bend the larvae.

Poor fixation of the stop in the raised position of the cladding panel can be due to deformation of the stop corner of the pawl riveted inside the stop of the stop. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to straighten this corner and it is better to rivet it on the rack. The stops should be locked automatically when the cladding panel is lifted and unlocked when the cladding panel is raised even higher and then lowered down.

The front fenders consist of two parts (front and rear) and a front mudguard, attached to the cab with M8 threaded bolts. Rubber aprons are attached to the rear of the wing, as well as to the mudguard separating the engine from the wheel, and a duralumin handle for lifting the cab is attached to the rear of the right wing. The inner surface of the wings for protection from abrasive corrosion is sprayed with D11A plastisol with a layer of 1 ... 2 mm.

Cab steps are attached: the upper one to the footboard and to the front of the wing, the lower one is attached through the support to the towing eye-beam and the rear support to the first cross-member.

Aerodynamic devicesare used to improve vehicle streamlining, reduce air resistance and reduce cab splash ™ when driving on muddy roads.

The side skirts are attached to the bulkhead at four locations.

On the roof of the towing vehicle, a roof fairing and side fairings can be installed, which significantly reduce the aerodynamic air resistance. The parabolic surface of the fiberglass fairing creates a transition from the surface of the front of the cab and the roof to the top of the surface of the platform awning.

The suspension of the truck cab is the main element responsible for the comfort and safety of the driver and the vehicle. This is especially important for cabover trucks. Each design requires an individual solution to this problem. To reduce shaking and the transmission of low-frequency vibrations from the chassis to the driver's workplace, designers are constantly improving the car's suspension assemblies.

However, this does not always lead to the desired results. Some heavy vehicle owners solve these problems themselves. One of such solutions is the KamAZ floating cab.

Device

The cab is fastened to the frame at four points. In the front part there are 2 hinged bearings, and in the rear part there are 2 sprung supports and a locking mechanism. Swivel joints make it easy to tilt the structure. To reduce vibration transmitted from the frame, the upper brackets are equipped with rubber pads. The device of the cab assumes its joint fastening with a soft suspension, which consists of springs, telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers and a locking mechanism fixed to the bracket.

Due to the fact that the cab is not the lightest element of the car and weighs about half a ton, both springs and springs and pneumatic bellows can be used as shock-absorbing devices. Today, modular assemblies consisting of a spring and a hydraulic shock absorber are widely used. They are easy to assemble during assembly, have a reasonable price and are easier to replace in case of breakdown.

How to open and pick up

The cab is fixed in the transport position due to the presence of two locking devices. There is a safety hook on the right lock. To raise the cab, it is necessary to disengage both hooks by moving the handle towards you with the transfer to the upper position. After that, the safety hook must be released.

The cab is lifted to the first position using a hydraulic drive, which consists of a hand plunger pump, an oil tank, a hydraulic cylinder and pipelines. To ensure safety, the car is braked by the parking brake, anti-theft pads are installed under the wheels, and the gear lever is placed in neutral.

7.14.7. Thermal insulation and cab upholstery

The thermal and noise insulation of the front part of the cab consists of multilayer corrugated cardboard, sheathed with waterproof cardboard, and is attached to the front end with rubber buttons.

7.14.8. Cab seats

Driver's seat(Fig. 7.152) single, with a torsion-type suspension mechanism and a hydraulic shock absorber, with adjustment of the suspension stiffness, longitudinal movement and backrest angle. The suspension of the driver's seat is carried out by a plate torsion bar installed in the tube 7. One end of the torsion bar is fixed tightly, the other is connected to the lever of the suspension stiffness adjustment mechanism.

When the adjustment handle 2 is swinging, the torsion bar is either twisted to increase the suspension rigidity, or, conversely, the torsion twist is reduced. To do this, sitting on the seat, pull the handle 2 and turn it around the axis so that the “+” or “-” sign is visible, respectively. When driving on an uneven road, seat vibrations are damped by a hydraulic telescopic shock absorber 6 installed behind the seat back and reinforced with one end on the seat base, and with the other in the seat cross member. Single-tube shock absorber, gas-filled, non-separable. The downward sinking of the seat is limited by rubber bumpers. Seat suspension travel - 88 mm. The suspension is designed for a driver's weight of 491-1275 N (50-130 kgf).

Rice. 7.152. Driver's seat:1 - pillow; 2 - handle of the seat suspension stiffness adjustment mechanism; 3 - back; 4 - seat sidewall; 5 - comb lever; 6 - shock absorber; 7 - torsion tube; 8 - seat frame; 9, 10 - levers of the suspension hinges; 11 - bottom guides; 12 - comb; 13 - returnable spring; 14 - thrust;15 - stopper; 16 - stopper lever; 17 - top guides; 18, 20 - cross-members of levers; 19 - base.

Rice. 7.153. Passenger seat: 1 - back; 2 - seat sidewall; 3 - pillow; 4 - tool box.

The backrest angle of the driver's seat can be adjusted to one of three fixed backrest positions: 9, 14 and 19 ° from vertical. The position of the backrest is fixed with the tabs of the backrest brackets, which fit into the grooves of the combs on both sidewalls of the backrest. When you press the lever 5 of the comb, the backrest is released and fixed in a new position. The driver's seat cushion 1 and backrest 3 are made of latex rubber or molded polyurethane foam 50 ... 70 mm thick, on a bowl-shaped sheet steel base. The upholstery of the cushion and backrest is made in two versions: from embossed artificial leather or from fabric with cross-stitching of loaves. The upholstery is fastened to the base flange with spring clips.

The driver's seat is installed in the holes in the cab floor and fixed with bolts welded to the lower guides 11 and self-locking nuts on the outside of the cab.

Outside passenger seat(Fig. 7.153) is installed on the tool box. The backrest can be folded forward for access to the toolbox. Further, the backrest with a pillow hinges towards the driver.

On some models of KAMAZ vehicles, air-suspended seats are also used.

Driver's seat(Fig. 7.154, b) and passenger seat(Fig. 7.154, a) with air suspension.

The backrest tilt angle is adjusted by lever 2. When the lever is lifted up, the backrest is unlocked, tilts forward under the influence of a spring, and when it is lowered, it is fixed stepwise in the selected position. Adjustment range from 40 ° forward tilt to 30 ° backward tilt.

Button 3 is used to turn on the seat heating.

Button 4 adjusts the lateral support of the seat.

Button 5 adjusts the depth of the lumbar support.

Button 6 is used to quickly lower the seat. When the key is locked at the top, the seat quickly drops to the lower position. When you move the key down, the seat automatically rises and locks in the position set by key 7.

Rice. 7.154. Seat (a - passenger, b - driver): 1 - seat belt; 2 - backrest angle adjustment lever; 3 - seat heating key; 4 - side support key; 5 - key for adjusting the lumbar support; 6 - button for quick lowering of the seat; 7 - seat height adjustment key; 8 - key for adjusting the stiffness of the seat suspension; 9 - key for adjusting the angle of inclination of the pillow; 10 - lever for adjusting the longitudinal position of the seat; 11 - lever for adjusting the depth of the seat cushion; 12 - seat belt buckle; 13 - headrest.

Button 7 adjusts the seat height. When lifted up, the seat rises, when pressed down, it lowers. When the key is not pressed, it is fixed in the selected position. The maximum lift is 100 mm.

Button 8 is used to adjust the hardness of the seat suspension. When the key is lifted up, the suspension stiffness increases; when it is pressed down, it decreases. The air suspension has 4 fixed stiffness positions.

Button 9 is used to adjust the angle of inclination of the seat cushion. When the key is lifted up, the front edge of the pillow rises, when pressed down, it lowers. When the key is not pressed, it is fixed in the selected position. Adjustment range from 2 ° to 12 °.

Lever 10 is used to adjust the longitudinal position of the seat. When the lever is pulled up, the seat sled is unlocked. When the lever is released, they are fixed stepwise in the selected position. Adjustment range 210 mm in 10 mm increments.

Lever 11 adjusts the depth of the seat cushion. When the lever is pushed up, the pillow moves back and forth relative to the base. When the lever is released, they are fixed stepwise in the selected position. Adjustment range 60 mm in 12 mm increments. The headrest 13 is adjustable in height and angle. The headrest can be swiveled to select the angle of inclination. For height selection, the headrest has 8 fixed positions in 20 mm increments.

7.14.9. Cabin accessories

Seat belts(fig. 7.155). The cabins have seat belt anchorage points and can be equipped with seat belts for all three seats.

Rice. 7.155. Seat belts: 1 - driver's diagonal-lap safety belt; 2 - waist belt for the middle passenger;3 - diagonal-waist safety belt of the extreme passenger; 4, 12, 15, 21 - belt ears; 5, 9, 14 - belt fastening brackets; 6, 8 - floor amplifiers; 7, 10, 13 - traction belts; 11 - cabin floor; 16 - cab sidewall; 17 - diagonal belt mounting bolt; 18 - sidewall reinforcement; 19 - bushing; 20 - sidewall upholstery; 22 - bracket fastening bolt.

The driver's seat and the rightmost passenger seat are equipped with diagonal seat belts 1, 3, and the middle passenger seat is equipped with a lap seat belt 2.

All seat belt anchorage points are equipped with reinforcements 18, 6 and 8 welded to the sidewall and floor trim panels. Nuts (M10XU5) are welded to the amplifiers, to which the brackets 5, 9, 14 for fastening the seat belts are screwed on from the inside of the cab on the floor. To the brackets with bolts (with an inch thread) are fastened rods 7, 10, 13, belt buckle and ears 4. 12, 15 belts. The ears 21 of the diagonal belts of the driver and the outer passenger are attracted by bolts 17 directly to the sidewalls through a special bushing 19, which compensates for the thickness of the upholstery.

Seat belts are an effective means of protecting the driver and passengers from severe consequences in road accidents.

On all models of KAMAZ vehicles (except for vehicles for Moscow Oblast), the manufacturer installs seat belts supplied by f. Moravan (Czech Republic) and SCM (Alatyr).

To fasten the belts, insert the belt tongue into the buckle until it clicks, avoiding twisting of the straps; to unfasten the belt, press the buckle button.

Seat belts must be worn on all journeys and must not be used by a child sitting on the passenger's lap. Each seat belt is used by one person only.

Disassembly of parts of the seat belt is not allowed.

If the straps are dirty, clean them with a mild soap solution. Ironing the ribbons is not allowed.

If there is significant damage to the belt (frayed webbing, cuts, retractor malfunction), as well as if the belt has undergone a critical load in a traffic accident, it must be replaced with a belt of the same model. The seat belt may be replaced by the organization operating the vehicle, or by one of the service or warranty service providers for KAMAZ vehicles. If the consumer installs a seat belt of other brands or models, KAMAZ OJSC is not responsible for injuries caused by an accident or other damage, incl. on lawsuits.

Air Suspended Seats Complete1 seat beltswith locks 2. To fasten the belts, insert the belt tongue 1 (Fig. 7.156) into the lock 2 until it clicks, while allowing the straps to twist, press the button 3 of the buckle to unfasten the belt.

Rice. 7.156. Seat belts:1 - belt tongue; 2 - lock; 3 - lock button.

Seat belts must be worn on all journeys. Seat belts are an effective means of protecting the driver and passengers from severe consequences in road accidents. Each seat belt is used by one person only.

Disassembly of parts of the seat belt is not allowed. If the straps are dirty, clean them with a mild soap solution.

If there is significant damage to the belt (abrasion of the webbing, cuts, retractor malfunction), as well as if the belt has undergone a critical load in a traffic accident, it must be replaced with a belt of the same model.

Set of rear-view mirrors(fig. 7.157) consists of four mirrors: two rear-view mirrors, a wide-angle mirror and a side-view mirror. The mirrors are located outside and are attached to the outer door panel. One rear-view mirror is installed on the left side of the arm-holder. On the right side of the arc - one rear-view mirror and a wide-angle mirror. On the right, above the sliding door glass, a side-view mirror is mounted on a separate bracket, providing the driver with visibility of the road at the right front wheel.

The side view mirror is mounted on a ball joint and has a wide adjustment range.

Mirror glasses - spherical, polished, with aluminum coating.

Sun visors(Fig. 7.158) are fastened using special pads 5 clamps with friction liners 6 above the wind window. Holders of 2 visors are screwed into the bodies of these clamps, and the visor is rotated relative to the holder, thereby allowing you to set the desired position of the visor. Turning forcethe visor should be about 49 N (5 kgf). To regulate this force, it is necessary to tighten the adjusting wing on the clip of the holder with a screwdriver and in the places where the visor is attached to the holder.

Rice. 7.157. Rear view mirrors: 1 - side-view mirror; 2 - arc holder; 3 - wide-angle rear-view mirror; 4 - rear-view mirror.

The visor is made of a wire frame with soft upholstery.

Rice. 7.158. Sun visor: 1 - visor; 2 - visor holder; 3 - adjusting screw; 4 - clamp; 5 - clip plate; 6 - insert; 7 - clamp body.

Dashboard It is prefabricated, mounted on a metal frame and consists of a horizontal upper part, a main part with holes made for installing overhead parts: a panel for a combination of devices, a switch panel, an electrical appliance door, a glove compartment door.

The dashboard is made of glass-filled rigid polymeric foam, covered with a porous monolithic PVC film. Cover parts for the instrument cluster and the switch panel are made of Baydur glass-filled rigid polyurethane foam from Bayer, Germany.

The instrument panel is characterized by:

Implementation of the instrument panel with three dedicated zones: the driver's area with space for the instrument cluster and the upper visor, the middle zone - the console, with space for the equipment, breaking the horizontal base line of the panel with a protrusion above its surface, and the passenger area, in which the closable cover of the stowage compartment is located box;

The presence on the panel on the left and right of places for adjustable vents of the ventilation system;

The presence at the bottom left, in the driver's area, switches and control buttons.

7.14.10. Plumage car

The cab plumage includes the following parts: mud flaps, rear flap, front and rear fenders and mud flaps, running boards with flaps and amplifiers, various aerodynamic devices.

The front fenders consist of two parts (front and rear) and a front mudguard, attached to the cab with M8 threaded bolts. Rubber aprons are attached to the rear of the fender, as well as to the mudguard that separates the engine from the wheel.

Cab steps are attached: the upper one to the footboard and to the front of the wing, the lower one is attached through the support to the towing crossbar beam and the rear support to the first crossbar.

Aerodynamic devicesare used to improve the streamlining of the car, reduce air resistance and reduce the splash rate of the cab when driving on a muddy road.

The side skirts are attached to the bulkhead at four locations.

7.14.11. Armored "cabin

KAMAZ 6560 vehicles can be equipped with armored cabins, which provide:

All-round protection of personnel and internal equipment located in the cockpit, according to the 3rd, 4th and 5th class of protection in accordance with GOST R 50693-96;

Protection of personnel and internal equipment located in the cockpit from high-explosive impact and fragments of hand grenades of the F-1 and RGO type during ground detonation under the bottom of the car in the area of the cockpit.

The hidden armoring of the cockpit is made of steel, which protects the crew from being hit by firearms and hand grenade fragments. There are three loopholes on the cab door windows. The design provides for blocking from opening the loophole cover from the outside.

Rice. 7.159. Front attachment, cockpit balance mechanism and armored cockpit lift limiter:1,8 - lower right bracket; 2.9 - lower left bracket; 3 - reinforcing bar; 4 - torsion bar; 5 - torsion bar lever; 6 - torsion bushing; 7 - reinforcement of cross member No. 1; 10 - special finger; 11 - lock washer ШЕ3.

Rice. 7.160. Installation of the rear suspension of an armored cab with a hydraulic lock: 1 - cab spring; 2 - support of the buffer; 3 - bushing, assembled; 4 - hydraulic lock cable; 5 - stepladder; 6 - spring clip; 7 - pillow; 8 - front spring buffer; 9 - support washer; 10 - spring bushing; 11 - the axis of the spring ear; 12 - gasket of leaf No. 5 of the spring; 13 - finger; 14 - bushing; 15 - shock absorber assembly; 16 - hydraulic lock 1604.

The glazing of the cab consists of a windshield and glass doors and is made of impact-resistant multi-layer special bullet-resistant glass. The door windows do not drop. The windshield is equipped with wipers. Glasses are installed in window openings through metal frames, into which glass blocks are hermetically glued. In turn, before installing the glass frames in the cab panels, the latter are coated along the contour of the openings with a sealant to ensure water tightness.

Attention! When cleaning glass from dirt, dust and fogging, use soft tissue preferably a flannel slightly moistened with water. Do not use gasoline, acetone, or other solvents to clean the glass. Do not wipe the inside of the glass with a dry cloth or hand.

The cab is installed on the car frame with the amplifier 7 (Fig. 7.159) of the first cross member on double front supports with hinges and rear sprung supports with additional compression buffers 8 (Fig. 7.160) and reinforced springs 1.

7.14.12. Air conditioner

KK 2-3.5 / 0.4 G air conditioner is installed on certain configurations of KAMAZ 6560 vehicles.

The air conditioner is designed to cool the air in the car cab. The cooling capacity of the air conditioner is sufficient to maintain a comfortable temperature in the cab when operating a KAMAZ vehicle in modes with a moderate or hot climate.

The air conditioner is a closed-cycle freon refrigeration machine that transfers heat from the cabin to the environment using the evaporation and condensation of the working gas. The air conditioner compressor is driven by the car engine. Freon R134a, which does not deplete the ozone layer, is used as a working gas.

Technical characteristics of the air conditioner KK 2-3.5 / 0.4 G

Characteristic	Meaning
Air conditioning compressor drive	V-belt, from the car engine
The consumed mechanical power at the speed of the air conditioner compressor pulley 1500 rpm, kW
Rated capacity of the condenser (not less), kW
The pressure switch off the pressure sensor is high, kgf / cm 2
low, kgf / cm 2
Maximum cooling capacity of the evaporator at an air temperature at the evaporator inlet +30 0 С, kW	3,95
Evaporator air capacity, m 3 / h	424,5
The minimum temperature of the air supplied to the passenger compartment, in recirculation mode, at a crankshaft speed of 1500 rpm, at a temperature of the air entering the evaporator +25 ° С	10...15
Power supply	From the vehicle electrical system
Current type	Constant
Rated power supply voltage, V
Consumed electric current at voltage 12V	20A
Consumed electric power, kW	No more than 0.2
Refrigerant	Freon R134a
Butter	SP-20 or equivalent

The principle of the air conditioner

In the air conditioner, due to the operation of the compressor, the refrigerant circulates passing through five main nodes in closed circuit... In these units of the system, the refrigerant is under the influence of different pressures and in different state of aggregation(gas or liquid). The process of transition from a liquid to a gaseous state and vice versa is accompanied, respectively, by the absorption and release of heat. Heat is taken from the air entering the cab and released to the outside environment.

The process proceeds as follows. Low pressure refrigerant gas enters the compressor through the inlet connector (low pressure side), the compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant and directs it through the outlet connector (high pressure side) to the condenser. The compression process is accompanied by an increase in the gas temperature.

The ambient air passes through the condenser, cools it and the gaseous refrigerant circulating in it to the point of condensation. The condensation process is accompanied by the release of heat, which is given off to the air flow from the external environment that blows over the condenser.

The liquid refrigerant is fed into the receiver-moisture separator, where impurities are filtered out and moisture is removed. This unit also serves as a temporary storage tank for liquid refrigerant.

While still under high pressure, the liquid refrigerant enters the expansion valve (TRV). There is an abrupt drop in refrigerant pressure.

The liquid refrigerant is at low pressure when leaving the expansion valve. The boiling point of a liquid under such pressure is lower than the temperature in the cabin and the liquid begins to boil (evaporate), turning into a gas.

The air entering the car's cab is driven through the evaporator by a fan. The process of evaporation of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator is accompanied by the absorption of heat, which is taken from the air flow passing through the evaporator. Cooled air enters the cab. The moisture contained in the air condenses on the evaporator and is discharged through the drain pipes to the outside.

The cycle ends when the low pressure refrigerant gas enters the compressor again via the suction pipe (low pressure side).

Conditioner composition

This air conditioner belongs to separate-unit refrigeration units of the compressor type and consists of (Fig.7.162):

Rice. 7.162. Schematic diagram of the air conditioner assembly:1 - a compressor with an electromagnetic clutch;2 - capacitor; 3 - receiver of the dryer with a control eye and low and high pressure switches;4 - evaporator with blowing fans and control panel; 5 - injection pipeline; 6 - condenser pipeline; 7 - high pressure pipelines; 8 - low pressure pipelines.

Installation of air conditioner

In the front upper part of the engine there is a compressor (Fig. 7.163), which is driven by a belt drive. Refrigerant lines 30 and 33 extend from the compressor to the evaporator and the condenser. The condensing unit 24 of the air conditioner is installed on the first cross member of the vehicle frame. The receiver 35 is fixed on the same crossbeam. On the upper front panel, frames 8 with lead-through bushings 7 are fixed, through which to evaporaterefrigerant lines are supplied to the body. The crown is attached to the lower dashboard with bolts 11matte 27 fastening the evaporator.

Rice. 7.163. Installation of air conditioner:1 - installation of the air conditioner wiring harness; 5 - rear evaporator bracket; 6 - bracket of the condensing unit; 7 - through bushing; 8 - split sleeve frame; 9 - protective strip of the bundle of wires;10 - a clamp of a steering cover; 11, 12, 13 - bolt; 14 - self-tapping screw; 16, 17 - nut; 18, 19, 20 - spring washer; 22.23 - flat washer; 24 - condensing unit; 25 - evaporator with wiring 742.01; 26 - evaporator with wiring 742.11; 27 - evaporator mounting bracket; 29 - condensate drain hose;30 - compressor-condenser refrigerant line; 32 - refrigerant pipe receiver-TRV; 33 - refrigerant pipe evaporator-compressor; 34 - condenser-receiver refrigerant line; 35 - receiver.

Governing bodies and adjustments.

Air conditioning control.

The air conditioner is controlled by handles that are located on the evaporator panel (Fig. 7.164).

Turning on the air conditioner

To turn on the air conditioner, you must perform the following operations:

1) start the car engine;

2) turn on the fan of the evaporating unit of the air conditioner with knob 1. The fan control knob has four positions:

0 - the fan is off;

1 - minimum fan performance;

2 - average fan performance;

3 - maximum fan performance;

3) turn on the air conditioner with the thermostat control knob 2. Moving the handle upwards activates the air conditioner and increases its cooling capacity, which makes the air supplied to the cab colder. Moving the handle down to the stop switches off the air conditioner.

Operation and shutdown of the air conditioner

After turning on the air conditioning unit, you need to open the cab window for two to three minutes to remove the heated air from the cab, and then close it. The best cooling performance of the air conditioner is achieved with the windows and doors of the cabin closed. It is recommended to cool the air inside the cabin below the outside air by no more than 8 ... 12 ° C.

The air flow rate is adjusted by changing the evaporator fan performance with knob 1. The air flow direction is changed by turning the deflectors located on the evaporator panel in the cab of the machine.

To turn off the air conditioner, it is necessary to move the handle 2 down to the stop.

Rice. 7.164. Air conditioning control:1 - fan control knob;2 - thermostat control knob.

Safety requirements ATTENTION! Repair and replacement of the compressor, filter-receiver-drier and other failed components of the air conditioning unit must be carried out by specially trained service specialists.

The air conditioning system is charged with ozone-safe refrigerant R134a with a boiling point of minus 26.5 ° C at an atmospheric pressure of 1 kg / cm 2. When this temperature rises above minus 26.5 ° C, the refrigerant is under pressure. This should be taken into account when conducting Maintenance and repair of the air conditioner.

It is forbidden to carry out welding work on the component parts of the air conditioning unit or near them, as the heating of the unit can lead to its breakdown or explosion.

The air conditioner connection diagram is presented in two versions (Fig. 7.165).

(option I)

(option II)

Rice. 7.165. Wiring diagram for connecting the air conditioner.

This idea was born probably not from desire, but most likely from idleness. I stumbled upon an ad on the Internet for the sale of KAMAZ, there was also a picture with an upholstered interior, I liked it very much, it was already baked in one place. almost immediately he made up his mind.
It remained to convince the companion of the need for sheathing and allocate funds for the purchase of materials.
Unfortunately, the original salon was not possible to capture.
Where did I start:
1. Tore off the ceiling and sidewalls, did not touch the back wall, tk. there I have a sofa deck weighs.
2. I went and bought a burgundy leatherette on the drum (4 lm, 1.2 m wide, although there was even a lot of that) - 200 UAH.
foam rubber 4 sq.
3. Bought a fringe - 20-30 UAH
4. I also had to buy a sheet of OSB - for the ceiling (120 UAH), because old fiberboard was no longer usable)

In Figure 1, the ceiling is already sheathed with OSB, fastened with self-tapping screws with a drill (or for metal)

fig. 1

In figure 2, I began to build a shelf in which there will be a pocket for a radio tape recorder, speakers and a shelf. Shelf frame is made of plasterboard profiles

fig. 2

Here, the frame has already been mounted and sheathed with OSB, the holes for the speakers are cut out with a grinder, and the fringe above the windshield is stuffed with a stapler (Figure 3)

fig. 4

The next step was the stuffing with the same construction stapler of leatherette (similarly, like foam rubber, just tighten it better so that there are no creases and creases)

fig. 5

The final stages were the installation of side panels, speakers, radio, lamps. Also, do not forget to hang the "carpet" on the back wall or sheathe in the same way. To be honest, I didn’t want (yet) to nail it with nails for door upholstery (it seems to me it's kind of old-fashioned. And so Vidocq, of course, is no worse than French stretch ceilings)))

Fig. 6

The whole thing took me about 4 days, this taking into account the fact that I worked somewhere 4-6 hours a day and I had a tear in the left knee ligament ...., I could hardly crawl there.
Well, you ask, and what does business have to do with it. I answer:
The fact is that there are many trucks driving around our country, in which the drivers practically live. In a word, this is a second home, where you also want to have a little comfort and enjoy sitting behind the wheel of a neat car, admiring the cabin, enjoying music and being proud of your truck. Whether it is KAMAZ, MAZ, used foreign car, etc.
Not every driver has the skills and desire to tinker with the refinement (lining) of the cab, but this does not mean that he does not want this.
Thus, you can provide a service for ennobling (sheathing) the cabin and bringing it into a divine form for a certain fee.
Let's similarly summarize:
The cost price of this beauty is about 500 UAH.
Days spent on sheathing = 2-3 days (if you fill your hand)
The remuneration depends on you and the complexity of the work, working area = from 400 to 1000 UAH. (show your imagination, charisma and experience and earn even more)

Show interest in the topic: KamAZ cab, photo from the inside? Contact us with the request "KamAZ cabin photo from the inside", our consultants will answer you for the price, sending to your city, types of payment.
The KamAZ cab is a metal "box" located above the engine. Because vehicles KamAZ is used in many industries Russian Federation- the military-industrial complex, metallurgy, agriculture, automotive industry, nuclear energy, then engineers have created various types of cabins. At present, the Kamsky Automobile Plant company produces cabins of various configurations with and without a sleeping bag, with a standard and raised "top", double and 3-seater. From two thousand and nine, new-style cabins began to be attached to trucks. Engineers updated all the mirrors, changed the plastic bumper, headlights, dimensions, turn signals, fixed the door handles from plastic, changed the appearance of the fairing, as a result of which the staining of the door panels decreased, installed seats fixed on air suspension, the windshield was full width cockpit, steering system, which is adjustable in height and tilt, "fresh" dashboard. In general terms, the designers have seriously improved the fairing performance, exterior and interior. Well done!

In the Russian Federation, the climate for body structures is harsh, most of all, in the autumn-spring period, when temperature values are near zero and high moisture. Long-term wetting of body parts leads to corrosive processes, which causes rust. When the cab is rusted, the driver of the car thinks about "buying a new Kamaz cab from the assembly line or repairing the one installed on a tractor." We recommend repairing and restoring, for the reason that the booth after renovation is 20-55% cheaper than a new one. In our organization, the Kamaz cab is overhauled in accordance with all the necessary technological requirements. The repair processes are: "fresh" high-quality painting of cabin elements, removal of outdated paint, analysis, replacement of defective parts. Repair in progress professional workers on modern equipment. Making repairs with us, you, as a customer, receive a repaired cab in quality comparable to a new one. By making a request "", you will receive the best possible service.
We ship all over Russia: Omsk, Izhevsk, St. Petersburg, Kirov, Nizhny Domodedovo, Saransk, Tambov, Perm, Severouralsk, Bakhchisarai, Podolsk, Cheboksary, Novgorod, Orenburg, Kovrov, Chita, Solikamsk, Moscow, Donetsk, Izmail, Uralsk, Tutaev, Megion, Oskol, Pinsk, Kursk, Nizhnevartovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Vladimir, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Barnaul, Yaroslavl, Oryol, Kurgan, Alekseevka, Noyabrsk, Noginsk, Samara, Lipetsk, Glazov, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Stavol, October Obninsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Surgut, Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Kashin, Belgorod, Novosibirsk, Arkhangelsk, Lyubertsy, Petropavlovsk, Kyzyl, Lvov, Vladikavkaz, Tula, Prokopyevsk, Efremov, Rostov-on-Don, Rybinsk, Kazan, Old Voronezh, Vologda , Kaliningrad Novorossiysk, Taganrog, Tchaikovsky, Volgograd, Tomsk, Bor, Kerch, Nadym, Evpatoria, Bryansk, Ryazan, Armyansk, Mogilev, Severodvinsk, Arzamas, Almaty, Tyumen, Shadrinsk, Petrozavodsk, Saratov, Nikolaev, Maykop, Dnepropetrovsk, Ul'ya Togliatti, Bogoroditsk, Penza, Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, etc.

KamAZ cab inside photo: