Нн is written in passive past participles. How are passive past participles formed? The rule in full passive participles is written nn

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , eg: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged; marked, marked, marked, marked. Neuter forms are also written in impersonal use, for example: smoked, polluted, driven, walked, driven, moved, walked, crossed.

Short forms (except for the masculine form) of adjectives with a qualitative meaning that coincide in form with the passive past participles of perfective verbs are written with NN , eg: brought up, brought up, brought up(from adjective well-mannered‘discovering the results of good education’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to fulfilling one’s whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). Such adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more elevated.

Wed. the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative. – She has good manners and is well-mannered. She is spoiled with good conditions. – She is capricious and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives in -ny are written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ – She is very attached to him; full of something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is filled with sadness; heard about something‘well-informed’ – We've heard a lot about his tricks. (See the following examples for dependent words: to him, sadness, about his tricks)

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic “Russian Spelling Dictionary”.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with participles in -ny, written with n or NN depending on the value. Adjectives expressing characteristics that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e. forming comparative forms, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with NN ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , eg:

• well-mannered, -no, -nny; landscaped, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);
• interconnected, -but, -us; interdependent, -but, -us; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -we(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are conveyed in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete ones. Examples: done, done, done(from made‘unnatural, forced’); prostitute, confused, prostitutes(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘knowing something thoroughly’). Comparative forms are also written ( more elaborate, more confused, more learned) and adverbs -O (done, confused, learned; see § 105).

The Russian language is a lot of rules that you need not just to know, but to understand in order to write correctly and speak beautifully. “Partitions” is one of the important topics, having mastered which, you can learn laconic but expressive speech. The past participle is especially difficult. Although, if you approach the study thoughtfully, you can figure it out.

The difference between and without them

Compare the sentences: one with and the second - complex with a subordinate clause. The first option is more laconic, beautiful and poetic than the second.

It is especially important to be able to replace subordinate clauses for copywriters when fulfilling orders where the accuracy of the “watery” texts is indicated, because introductory words, prepositions, conjunctions and allied words are precisely included in the list of “watery” expressions.

Participle as part of speech

Many people have difficulty understanding the features of this part of speech. Children even compose funny rhymes about this:

Unlimited misfortune -
Study, inflect the sacrament!
I will suffer thoroughly,
For now I'll start with the passive
Distinguish from reality.
What is even more painful?

From the school course we know that the participle is not at all simple because it has the properties of both a verb and an adjective. From the verb, this part of speech has aspect and tense, and from the adjective - gender, number, case, full or short form. There is also an active past participle and a passive participle. It also received this function - voice - from the verb.

Communion time

Usually a distinction is made between past and present tenses in participles. It is clear that to determine this category, one should understand the semantic feature of the word, think about whether the action is happening at the moment or has already happened. There is a clear answer to the question of what a past participle is: the meaning of the word indicates that it demonstrates a result, not a process. You can compare two options: “a running boy” and “a running boy”. In the first case, the present tense is used, because the child is performing an action at the moment. In the second case, the child has already finished running and is standing in front of us. Therefore, the tense of the participle is past.

Active voice of participles

How to distinguish the active past participle from the passive? It's simple! First, you need to think about the meaning of the statement. Let's look at this with examples.

Passive participle in the past tense

The verb form we are considering can denote an action that someone else performs with an object. Then the past participle is in the passive voice. To understand this more fully, consider examples.

1. “The dress the girl wore suited her so well that everyone around looked at the baby with a smile of tenderness.” From the context it is clear that the outfit itself cannot do anything. This means that “put on” is a passive participle, because it is the girl who produces the action, because she is the one who put on the dress.
2. “The dishes washed by Tanya sparkled clean.” And here it is clear that someone had done some work before the moment described - the plates themselves could not clear themselves of the remnants of food. Therefore, the word "washed" is a passive past participle.

What are the main conditions for spelling suffixes for participles in the present tense is, it seems, not difficult to understand, you just need to remember which suffix refers to a specific conjugation.

Formation of past participles

They are formed using the stem of a verb of any tense and suffixes that help: loved - loved, wanted - wanted, dreamed - dreamed, feed - fed, carry - carried, climb - climbed out. These are examples of forming active past participles. Pledge is indicated by the fact that all actions are performed by the objects themselves. For passive past participles, other examples are suitable: wish - desired, lead - driven, laugh - ridiculed, promise - promised.

Active past participle suffixes

This form is formed from the stem of the verb using suffixes: -vsh-, -sh-. The type and transitivity in this case do not matter. The suffix used to form the participle depends only on the ending of the stem of the verb.

1. If it ends in a vowel, it is written -vsh-. (Examples: draw - painted, build - built, look - watched.)
2. If there is a consonant at the end of the stem, then you should put a suffix -sh-. (Examples: carry - carried, carry - carried.)
3. If the participle is formed from a verb to -th, then the suffix -vsh- will be written after the vowel that was in the original verb form before -th. (For example: wash - washed, laugh - laughed, hang - hung.)

Formation table for active past participles

Transitivity and definitions of the type of participles

To easily check the transitivity of a participle, you need to put a question to the dependent noun from the verb that forms it. If in this construction the question of the accusative case without a preposition is appropriate, then For example: watch (what?) a film, print (what?) an essay. In the construction “run (where?) along the road” the question “what?” will not work, which means it is an intransitive verb, and the participle will have the same category accordingly.

There shouldn’t be any problems with the view: if the action is in process, it is an imperfect view, if it has already happened, it is a perfect view.

Formation of passive participles in the past tense

They are formed from a transitive verb of the corresponding tense. There is very little of participles.

According to the table, now only one important question arises: when are suffixes of passive past participles written with one “n”, and when with two? It is important to remember a few simple rules here. Imperfect participles will have one “n” if they:

• do not have a dependent word, prefix, suffix -ova-/ -yova-: fried, boiled, smoked;
• short participles: the partnership is formed, the wife wears makeup.

Two “n” have full passive past participles formed by perfective verbs with the presence of:

• dependent words: sturgeon fried in oil; peas boiled in broth;
• suffixes -ova-/-eva-(the following examples can be given: 1. A child spoiled by his mother screamed in the store. 2. Bewitched by her enchanting gaze, the man immediately fell in love with the beauty).

The participles “spoiled” and “bewitched” have the same syntactic function as adjectives, that is, they are most often definitions in a sentence.

Active past participles can also have a reflexive suffix -xia. For example: a hidden cockroach, falling sand, a laughing beauty, a frightened fly.

Exceptions to the General Rules

But the Russian language always has its exceptions. Words such as "seek", "love" and "take" are unable to form passive participles. There is also such a feature of verbs ending in -sti: They can become passive past participles. For example:

• Weave. (It’s so convenient to collect mushrooms in the baskets woven by your grandfather.)
• Steal. (We couldn’t find the slippers stolen by the cat for a long time.)
• Find. (Sharik’s newly acquired bone made him very happy, which is why he happily wagged his tail.)
• Find. (When the teacher discovered the cheat sheets, Vasya realized that he had to come up with a better way to cheat, but the more he cheated, the more he had to know.)

Knowing the rules of the Russian language is not a guarantee that a person will be able to write and speak correctly. They need to be understood. And it is extremely important to develop the ability to use your knowledge in practice.

Spelling participles includes several types of rules:

1) spelling of endings of participles;
2) spelling of vowels in participle suffixes;
3) spelling nn and n in participles (and in verbal adjectives).

Since the spelling of NN and N in verbal adjectives is similar to the spelling of NN and N in participles, these rules are discussed in one paragraph. For the same reason, this paragraph also discusses the rules for spelling nn and n in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives.

1. Spelling of participle endings:

Participles have the same endings as adjectives. Therefore, the spelling of vowels at the endings of participles, like adjectives, is checked by questions.

Wed: V[which ?] stormy sea; V[which?] stormy sea; With[what?] stormy sea.

2. Spelling of vowels in participle suffixes:

A) present time depends on the conjugation of the verb from which the participle is formed:

V active participles present tense: -ush-(-yush-) - I conjugation; -ash-(-box-) - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of the personal endings of cognate verbs in the 3rd person plural form;

Wed: I decide t(I reference) - decisive; building t(II reference) - building.

Note!

In a word future(by origin - participle) the suffix -yush- is added to the stem will-, therefore, before the suffix you should not write an extra vowel yu (!).

V passive participles present tense: -om-(-em-) - I conjugation; -im- - II conjugation. These vowels coincide with the vowels of the personal endings of cognate verbs in the 3rd person singular form.

Wed: decide t(I reference) - solvable; build t(II reference) - under construction.

b) spelling vowels in participles past tense depends not on the conjugation, but on the final vowel of the infinitive (past tense) of the verb from which the participle is derived:

• V active participles;

Glue - glued, melted - melted.

V passive participles before the suffix -nn- (-n-) are written:

• vowels a, i, e, if the stem of the verb ends in a, i, e;

  hang - hung; sow - sown, see - seen.

  vowels e, е, if the stem of the verb ends in and (the verb suffix -i- is truncated) or with a consonant.

  Wed: hang - hanged; build - built, sweep - swept, shoot - shot.

3. Spelling n and nn in full participles and full verbal adjectives:

A) N is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:

if they do not have prefixes, dependent words, combinations of suffixes -ovanne-, -evann- and if they are formed from an imperfective verb;

Paint[what to do?] - painted floor; mow[what to do?] - mown meadow, write[what to do?] - painted portrait.

• in phraseological units: ;

in a substantivized verbal adjective: dowry (of the bride).

b) NN is written in full participles and verbal adjectives:

• if there is a prefix (except non- ).

  From mowing - from a mown meadow, from writing - from a painted portrait.

  The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling of n and nn;

  Wed: unmown meadow - unmown clover; unpainted floor - unpainted floor.

• if there is a dependent word;

  Cochin[When?] last Friday meadow; painted[When?] last Friday floor; written[how?] oil paints portrait.

if the participle and verbal adjective are formed from a perfective verb (regardless of whether there are prefixes and dependent words);

Wed: decide[what to do?] - solved problem; quit[what to do?] - abandoned mine.

if participles and verbal adjectives end in -ovanny, -ovanny, and -ova-, -eva- are part of the verbal suffix.

Wed: pamper - spoiled, arrest - arrested, uproot - uprooted.

Exceptions: forged, chewed(-ov- is part of the root: cow-, chew-);

V exceptions(in some prefixless verbal adjectives or adjectives with the prefix non-): given, done, slow, sacred, desired, cutesy, arrogant, chased, pecked, desperate, cursed, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, awake.

Note!

1) When forming a participle (verbal adjective) from a two-type verb to wound without a prefix and a dependent word, as a general rule, one letter n is written; if there is a prefix or dependent word - nn.

Wed: wounded soldier - a wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the arm.

2) In complex words, where the second part is a verbal adjective, general rules apply. The presence of the first root does not matter: if there is no prefix before the second root, then one letter n is written, if there is a prefix before the second root, then nn is written.

Wed: freeze - freshly frozen fish; freeze - freshly frozen fish.

3) The words forged and chewed obey the general rules of writing n and nn: without a prefix or dependent word, one is written n, with a prefix or dependent words - nn.

Wed: forged chest, shod horse, shod on all four legs horse.

4) Do not confuse the main word for the participle (verbal adjective) and the words dependent on the participle (adjective)! The main thing for a participle (adjective) is the word from which the question is asked to this participle: horse[which?] forged; horse[which?] savvy. The presence or absence of the main word does not affect the spelling of n and nn! For the dependent word, the participle is already the main one and it is from the participle that the question is asked: horse, shod[by whom?] a blacksmith. The presence or absence of a dependent word at the participle affects the spelling of n and nn!

5) One letter n is written in combinations imprisoned father, named brother only if they are phraseological units. Outside of such combinations of participles with prefixes, planted, named are written with two letters n.

Wed: It was planted by my father at my wedding. - The father, seated to the left of the groom, was gloomy; You will be called my brother. - Sergei, named after his grandfather, was proud of this.

6) The spelling n and n in participles and verbal adjectives, unlike adjectives formed from nouns, does not depend on the front vowel n, cf.:

adjectives formed from nouns: silver - solemn;

verbal adjectives and participles: written - written, wounded - wounded.

7) For memorization words that contain one letter n, you can use the following sentence:

On a windy day at Maslenitsa, in a cozy living room, the sedentary father introduced his named brother to a smart girl, a hard worker, a real beauty with a large dowry.

4. Spelling n and nn in short participles and adjectives:

A) in brief participles one letter n is always written;

Wed: tied knot - the knot is tied; styled hair - hair is styled.

b) in brief adjectives The same number of letters n are written as in the full forms.

Wed: valuable thing - a thing is valuable; green crops - green crops.

Note!

In order to differentiate between a short participle and an adjective, the following must be taken into account:

1) If the short form is not formed from a verb, then it is, of course, a short adjective (and it will contain as much as in the full form):

sultry - sultry; worthy - worthy; valuable - valuable.

2) The short verbal form can be either a short participle or a short adjective.

A) The short verbal form would be communion(and it will contain one letter n) if:

• this form has a dependent word in the instrumental case:

  the house was built by workers; the tour is organized by a well-known company; the child is spoiled by his parents;

• this form has a dependent infinitive, a dependent adverbial adverbial (except for the adverbial adverbial measure and degree):

  she intends to go to university; she's well-mannered[Where?] in the monastery;

• a combination with a participle can be paraphrased using a verb.

  Wed: the child is scared - the child was scared; she was raised in a monastery - she was raised in a monastery;

b) the short verbal form would be adjective(and it will contain the same number of letters n as in the full form), if it has a qualitative meaning, it gives a constant (qualitative) characteristic of a person or an inanimate object.

Wed: children are capricious and spoiled(this is their constant quality); the girl is modest and well-mannered (this is her constant quality).

5. Spelling n and nn in nouns and adverbs starting with -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives:

A) in nouns and adverbs starting with -o, formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many letters n are written as there are in full participles and verbal adjectives, cf.:

ONE letter N: confused y → confused ik, confused about; boiled → boiled ik; smoked → smoked awn; ice cream y → ice cream oe; martyred → martyred; scientist → scientist, scientist;

TWO letters H: given → given ic; dowry → dowerless; chosen → chosen one, chosen one; recessed → recessed; sacred → sacred; done → done about;

b) should remember noun spelling: toiler, dowry - dowryless, assigned.

These participles are formed from the infinitive of a verb followed by a vowel. Usually these are verbs of classes 1 and 3. The suffix -nn- is attached to the past tense stem, which ends in -a or -ya, sometimes in -e.

For example, “saw - seen-nn-y”; “sowed - sowed-nn-y”; “lost – loss-nn-th.”

Note: in short passives there is one -n-, for example: “Thoughts were thought out by the author of the book.”

In full participles, which were formed from perfective verbs, two –nn- are written, for example: (“what to do?”) “tie - tied.”

In participles formed from verbs with –ova-; -eva-, two –nn- are written, for example: “cipher-ova-ny”; "marinated".

Using the suffix –enn-

These participles are formed from the infinitive of a verb with a consonant or vowel –i-, which is dropped out. In this case, there is an alternation of the final consonants of the base itself, which are similar to the alternation of the formation of the first person present or future simple.
For example, “taken out + -enn- = taken out-en-th”; “brought + -enn- = brought-enn-y”; “bought-l + -enn- = bought-enn-y”; “asked + -enn- = asked.”

From the verb to –ch, –sti, -it

Passive past participles of such verbs are formed from the stem of the present or future tense.

For example, “lead - brought”; “to acquire - acquired”; “spin - spun”; "steal - stolen"

.
Note: vowels under stress are written –е-, for example: “decide - decided”; “burn - burned.”

In participles that were formed from perfective verbs, two –nn- are always written: “- substituted”; “cover - covered.”

In full participles that have a prefix other than not-, two -nn- are also always written: “cook - cooked”; “paint - painted.”

In full participles that have a dependent word, two –nn- are also written: “painted fence” (a participle that has a dependent word is written with two –nn-), but “painted fence” (adjective).

Using the suffix -t-

The suffix -t- is added to the stem of a verb ending in the indefinite form with -ot-, -nut, -eret. This suffix can also be used in monosyllabic stems, but without a prefix.
For example: “take out - take out”; “prick - prick”; “wipe - wiped”; “beat – bi-t-y.”

Note: Passive past participles can also be formed by adding the postfix –sya to the active voice form, for example: “sold - sold-sya”.

The purpose of the lesson: to develop the skill of correctly writing N-NN in passive past participles, to achieve conscious writing of words with N-NN.

The lesson is intended for students in grades 7-11. Form of organization - distance learning. Duration 60 minutes.

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Methodological development of a distance lesson in the Russian language

Topic: Spelling N and НН in suffixes of passive past participles

Goal: to develop the skill of correctly writing Н-НН in passive past participles, to achieve conscious writing of words with Н-НН

Participants: students in grades 7 - 11

Form of organization: distance lesson

Duration: 60 minutes

Spelling Н and НН in passive past participles

And now, my brave student, you have a difficult test ahead of you. Let me introduce you to the Passive Communion in person. Agree: how can you not sympathize with such a sufferer!

Passive Participle

Offended by everyone, humiliated by everyone, not welcomed by anyone, almost unnoticed- poor, poor Passive Communion. Now it's- It’s a past participle, and everything is in the past. But there was a time...

The Passive Communion will tell you this and much more if you listen to it carefully. It tells this and much more to the Noun, which. is with him as his complement.

Oh, don't talk, don't talk! - says Passive ParticipleA noun that says nothing at all.- Only suffering! The Noun tries to nod, but the Participle does not even allow it to do so.

Don't talk, don't talk! - it develops its thought.- The most expensive thing I have is two N in the suffix. And so, as soon as I appear in the text without a prefix or at least without an explanatory word, I immediately lose one thing N. But sometimes you want to be alone. Is this life, tell me? No, don’t say, don’t say... And the Communion continues:

And most importantly, no lightno hope...Even the future tense of our brother,there is no communion. How would you like to live?- without a future?

F. Krivin

Translate the fairy tale into the language of science. Find and underline the participles (Which ones are passive?), insert the missing letters. If you couldn’t get the job done right away, don’t worry! Complete the following tasks, and then return to this text again.

Well, young friend, let’s begin to study the most complex rule in Russian spelling. Do not believe? You will soon see this! All participles are so capricious in writing, and figuring out when to use N in them and when to use NN is not an easy task at all! Scared? No, you’re not one of the shy ones if you’ve decided to study Russian on your own! I have no doubt that you will be a winner this time too.

Just keep in mind that the participle is insidious and sometimes it is not so easy to distinguish it from an adjective, the suffix of which also contains the spelling N and NN.Be vigilant!Read the instructions

suggested by T. Ugrovatova in the notebook “Tips for every day” and complete the proposed tasks.

Instruction No. 1

1. Having met the word with unclear spelling, determine from what part of speech it is educated.

1. If the word is formedfrom a noun, then it is an adjective.

• -AN-, -YAN-, -IN- (exceptions:

tin, wood and glass), written with N.

• Adjectives formed with suffixes-ENN-, -ONN-, as well as N at the base,

ending with N, written with НН (exception: windy).

1. If the word is formed from the verb, then this is either a participle, or adjective.

This is the participle:

• if it has a prefix; written with NN;
• if it has a dependent word; written with NN ;
• if it is formed from a perfect verb; written with NN;
• if the verb from which it was formed had suffixes-OVA-, -EVA-, (-IROVA); written with

NN;

Remember the poem:

Prefix (except NOT), PERFECT VIEW, suffixes –eva-, -irova- and –ova, and finally, the dependent word

• If these are exception words: smart, named (brother); written with N. This is the adjective:

• If these are exception words: desired, sacred, unexpected, unexpected; are written with

NN; see also in Appendix Dictionary No. 3;

• If the word has none of the above(no prefix, no dependent word, no perfective aspect, no named suffixes); spelled with N.

1. If this is a short adjective, there are so many N written in it, how much and in full.

1. If this short participle, it says N.

Note. In a word early...th is written NN,if it has a dependent word(wounded in battle), and only H if there is no dependent word (wounded bird).

TASK No. 1. Recognize them by sight! 1) Underline the examples below with one line

verbal adjectives and two participles (or distribute into 3 columns of the table):

window opening; dinner table; ironed sundress; baked apple, sleepy kingdom; smoked eel; writing instruments, signed postcard; dusty clothes; phone book; roasted nuts; prepared yesterday; sparkling water; marinated mushrooms; planted in the garden; fried in oil.

Highlight the spelling in these words “N and NN in participles and verbal adjectives.”

• Did you complete the first task? If in doubt, refer to the key (see Appendix). Once you are convinced that you are right, proceed to the next task.

2) Connect with arrows the phrases that include participles and adjectives with their characteristics, insert the missing letters. Test yourself with the key!

TASK No. 2. Distribute the words into the following table, highlighting and explaining the spelling “ N and NN in participles and verbal adjectives.” In the third column, formulate the rule (condition for choosing H and NN).

EXAMPLES OF RULES

NN

Called for lunch; called to help; named brother; called brother;

not promising anyone...oh; party dinner; worn jacket; long worn;

unworn things; shabby suit; undigged beds; knitted scarf;

knitted sweater from grandma; some kind of meadow; confused answer; unraveled threads;

haircut in a circle; wicker chair; non-boiling water; burnt sugar;

simpler... Sunday; pussy beauty; some kind of joy; busy laughter;

sacred duty; a vile masterpiece; layered dough; purchased gift;

butter pancake; oil paints; skilled work; darned by someone..;

trained athlete; wounded in battle; easily wounded, already rendered harmless..a.

• Now practice applying the learned rule in small texts.

TASK No. 3. Insert the missing letters, graphically explaining the spelling N, NN. What two rules have you come across?

Recipes from "The Cannibal's Book of Tasty and Healthy Food"

Pickled girls

Select dirty, disheveled... crybaby girls, wash, comb their hair and tightly fill a strong wooden tub with them. You don’t need to sprinkle salt - the girls themselves will cry a full tub of salty tears.

Canned food is dirty

Take several boys rolled in mud, add one girl smeared with jam...to them, put them all in an opaque glass jar, tightly close the lid and put them in a dark place so that no one can ever see them. Canned dirty food nicely decorates any table.

Compote of spoiled boys

If your boys are completely spoiled, make compote out of them. To do this, you need to properly process the spoilage. .. boys, having previously taken the soul out of them.

Crooked man in his own dress

Remove the sandals from the grimacing girl and place her on a dish smeared with mustard. Sandals can be eaten later as a snack.

Loose girls

Melt the butter in a frying pan and release the completely loose.... girls onto it. After they run around the frying pan for about twenty minutes, they can be served, after finely chopping them...

lemon peel and sprinkle it on the girls' heads.

G. Oster

So far everything has been relatively uncomplicated, but, you see, on such a smooth path sometimes there are obstacles. How, for example, can you distinguish a verbal adjective from a participle, since they are so similar?!

It is not difficult to distinguish them. Remember just a few simple rules.

Firstly , the participle usually has the prefix(except NOT), but the adjective does not.

Secondly , if the participle does not have a prefix,it has a dependent word,but the adjective does not.

Thirdly, communion, without a prefix,is formed from perfective verbs.

Fourthly, verbal adjective is formed from prefixless verbs with suffix -OVA- (-EVA-).

Participles that turn into adjectives are written with one N.

It's clear? In other words , if the word (it doesn’t matter whether it is a participle or an adjective) does not have a prefix, a dependent word and it is formed from an imperfective verb that does not have suffixes-OVA-, -EVA-(-IROVA-),then in front of you is an adjective, and it is written with N. If the communion is in front of you(that is, it has at least one of the mentioned signs), then feel free to write it with NN.

• Remember the exception words: desired, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, clever, named (brother), unseen, unheard.

Now you can begin the instructions and more difficult tasks.

Instruction No. 2

How to distinguish a participle from an adjective in a doubtful case?

1. Communion always easily replaced by a verb,from which it is derived.

My friend is good brought up parents. My girlfriend is fine raised by parents.

1. Adjectives can't be replaced with a verb,from them you can form a comparative degree.

The kids are now smart and well-mannered. The kids have become smarter and better mannered than before.

1. Participle can be easily replaced with another participle.

We were raised (raised) in a wonderful family.

4. Adjective can be replaced with another adjective.

Our friends are well-mannered. Our friends are cultured.

5. Adjective it is not uncommon to have a homogeneous member with him, expressed by an adjective.

(See point two of these instructions.)

TASK No. 4. Learn to overcome difficulties! Here are the most difficult cases of writing N and NN in participles and similar adjectives. By using Instructions #2 Insert the missing spellings, explaining the spelling next to it in brackets.

1) Tourists are concerned about (…………………) the lack of a guide. 2) A (…………………) rapid response team has been organized. 3) The students’ attention is focused... (…………………) on solving the example. 4) She is always too preoccupied... (…………………). 5) Stormy flows of water are restrained....s (……………………………) by a dam. 6) Our national team is organized (…………………) and friendly. 7) The brothers are smart and well-mannered (……………………………). 8) Chess players during the next game

were concentrated (……………………………). 9) The girl was indifferent, reserved... (…………………………) and seemed absent-minded... (…………………………). 10) The hostess was excited... A

(………………………………………………………) his unexpected (……………………………) return. 11) The girl is self-confident....a (………………………) and proud. 12) We are all confident (…………………) that we are right. 13) Her speech is confused (…………………) and incomprehensible. 14) The threads are tangled (………………………). 15) The uprising is suppressed… about (…………………). 16) She is tired and depressed (……………………………).

• Test yourself using the key in the Application!

TASK No. 5. 1) Insert the missing spellings, graphically explain the spelling of “N and НН in participles and verbal adjectives” in the text “for filling”.

The birthday boy screamed furiously, frantically waving a torn shoe over his head, pulled off in a hurry from his scared neighbor's foot. The astonished guests and relatives froze in shock at the first minute, but then, under a hail of buttery dumplings, thrown in their direction by the enraged birthday boy, they were forced to retreat to the open doors. “Traitors! Slip me a dowry for which no one gave me a penny...wow! “- he squealed desperately, indignantly jumping on a forged chest, covered with a... dry oilcloth. “She is uneducated...and uneducated...and, incredibly stupid and incredibly ugly, and, moreover, without a dowry at all! “- he shouted, throwing his old shoe at the recently purchased lemon-colored lampshade. Throwing after him, a stick of smoked...sausage landed in a glass vase, filled with distilled...water, and with it collapsed on the short-cropped, beautiful...chestnut-colored head, accused of all the sins of the dowry, huddled at the door with a vulnerable look. Hitting the head with a sausage, picturesquely waving his bare... elbow-deep arms and a Christmas tree, hung... with mica toys, silver... icicles and

a golden star on the very top of the head. Admired by the effect produced, birthday boy

danced rapturously on the oil-painted chest of drawers, inlaid with embossed leather, where he moved from the chest immediately after the lady’s fall for a better view of the chaos caused by his exalted act.

From the magazine “Russian Literature”

• Test yourself using the key in the Application!

1. Write out phrases with verbal adjectives from the text and rearrange them so that the adjectives become participles written with NN.

SAMPLE: glued plywood - glued, glued by workers.

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4. Using the map (see Appendix), come up with a story on one of the suggested topics: “I’m wandering along the NN shores,” “What will they treat me to on the NN shore?” or “At the fair”, using at least 10-15 participles and verbal adjectives with N and NN.

You can use Dictionary No. 2 from the Appendix as a hint.

Or write a linguistic fairy tale about the capricious letter N.

Or write a detective story about a gang of karma...s neutralized by selfless detectives, using at least 10-15 participles and verbal adjectives in your work

adjectives with N and NN.

Congratulations on the victory!

After all, if you are reading these lines, then you have probably successfully completed all the tasks.

Bleached

twisted

seeded

felted

broken

washed

winnowed

smeared

cropped

waxed*

tagged

planed

knitted

paved

bitch*

ironed

plowed

woven

burnt

soldered

chiseled

gilt

wicker

glued

sawn

forged

confused

dug

ragged

fed

sliced

mowed

painted

DICTIONARY No. 2

Adjectives formed from participles

(with meaning related to food)

Boiled egg

steamed turnips

dried fish

baked apple

roast duck

processed cheese

burnt sugar

sifted flour

roasted nut

puff pastry

sauerkraut

salted cucumbers

boiled water

dried apricots

smoked sausage

melted butter

split peas

canned stewed meat

butter pancake

peeled carrots

frozen berries

pickled cranberries

Distinguish the words:

oiled - smeared, soaked or stained with oil (Shrovetide week - Maslenitsa); oil - oil (on oil) paints or a picture painted with them.

DICTIONARY No. 3 (Remember!)

Exception words in which -nn- is written

fake laugh finished (person)

desired moment named (brother)

cutesy* personwritten (handsome)

slow train landed (father)

promised giftForgiveness Sunday)

a true masterpiece

sacred duty but -n-

arrogant** character

chased step

unprecedented success

unexpected, unexpected guest, unheard of incident, accidental blunder