Ticks usually spend their entire lives on the dog. The female tick bites into the skin and lays eggs several times. The gnawed tunnels in the skin can be several centimeters long. One female lays 40-60 eggs. After 15-19 days, new mites develop from them. Having gone beyond the epidermis, the female can live 13 days. She dies after laying her eggs. After 3-8 days, larvae hatch from the eggs, which have 6 legs. The larvae turn into nymphs, which already have 8 legs. The nymph spends all the time in the skin until it becomes an adult. The entire life cycle requires 2-3 weeks.
Ticks prefer to live on the dog and can also survive for several days outside the host in the environment. In cool, humid conditions, they live up to 22 days. At normal room temperature in the house, they will live from 2 to 6 days. Because of the ability of the tick to survive apart from its owner, dogs can become infected without even coming into direct contact with an infected animal.
Canine scabies symptoms
The defeat starts from the head. Small nodules appear on the frontal arches, the back of the nose, and the ears of the dog, which turn into itchy, fluid-filled blisters. In place of blisters, scratches quickly appear, scabs and crusts form. Wool in places of strong scratching completely falls out, and wounds and bleeding scratches appear on the skin. An atypical flow is characterized by an abundance of dandruff.
The symptoms of canine mange are varied, but typically include hair loss and severe itching, especially:
- on the ears;
- in the armpits;
- on the joints;
- chest;
- abdominal cavity.
Ticks tend to live on areas of skin with less hair. As the infection worsens, it can spread throughout the body. Due to severe itching and scratching, the skin soon becomes traumatized, and various ulcers and infections can develop as a result. If the infection is not treated, the surrounding lymph nodes may swell.
In addition, the intense itching caused by the sarcoptic mite is the result of a severe allergic reaction to the mite. When dogs are initially infected with Sarcoptes, they do not develop itching for several weeks. If animals are cured and then re-infected at a later time, intense itching begins almost immediately. This indicates that itching may be caused by an allergic reaction, however, standard allergy treatments in this case usually do not improve the symptoms of scabies.
Diagnostic methods
Sarcoptic scabies is a fairly common infection, and in many cases is often misdiagnosed as severe atopy (inhalation allergy). Every time we see a dog that has never had allergies and severe itching develops(if itching is not seasonal, but lasts all year round), canine scabies may be suspected.
To make an accurate diagnosis, the animal must be shown to the veterinarian. The standard method is to scrape the skin and then identify the tick under a microscope. Unfortunately, on average, only 20% of infected dogs will display Sarcoptes mites on scraping, so a negative scraping does not rule out sarcoptic mange. Therefore, most diagnoses are based on history and response to treatment for scabies.
Treatment for sarcoptic mange in dogs
There are several ways to treat scabies. Previously, the most effective treatment was with benzoyl peroxide shampoo, after washing which organophosphate ointments were applied. Dogs were usually bathed once every two weeks.
But these effective ointments are unpleasant for both the owner and the dog. In addition, since the ointment must come into contact with ticks, and most mites live on the muzzle and ears of dogs, great care must be taken when applying the ointment to these sensitive areas. These ointments can also be toxic to humans and are not suitable for very young, old, or debilitated animals.
There are several other products that are extremely effective, safe, and convenient in treating scabies. Selamectin is a topical solution, which is applied once a month, it also provides flea prevention, protection against ticks and scabies.
Ivermectin is also effective but should not be used in breeds such as collies or shelties.
It must be remembered that all these products should only be used under direct veterinary supervision.
Since Sarcoptes scabiei is easily transmitted between animals, all dogs in contact with an infected animal should also be treated. Due to the length of the life cycle and the ability of the tick to live outside the animal, treatment should be continued for a minimum of 4 weeks.
In parallel with the treatment of the disease in dogs, thorough disinfection and cleaning of rooms, cabins and cages is necessary by spraying a 2% solution of chlorophos or boiling water. The bedding of the animal is washed in soapy water and treated with acaricides.
Because of the damage to the skin from scabies, many dogs can also develop bacterial or yeast infections.
Protecting a dog from direct contact with an infected dog is quite difficult. Places where large numbers of dogs congregate are obviously more likely to contain ticks.
Treatment of sarcoptic mange in humans
When people infected with sarcoptic mange from animals, the disease is usually self-limiting, causing only temporary itching. But there is a human form of sarcoptic mange that is transmitted from person to person. This type of sarcoptic mite causes a rash on the wrists, elbows, or between the fingers. In infants, the rash may appear on the head, neck, or body.
Treatment requires drugs prescribed by a doctor in each individual case. These medicines will kill the mites and their eggs.
In addition to prescription treatments, it is necessary to clean linen and clothes by washing items with hot water, drying them in a dryer and placing them in a plastic bag for several days.
Your doctor may recommend treatment for other members of your family, even if they don't show signs of scabies. You can apply a cool compress to soothe the affected areas. Lotion Calamine applied to the skin helps soothe itchy or irritated skin.
If you have an allergic reaction, antihistamines may help reduce symptoms.
Scratching the affected areas can make you susceptible to a secondary bacterial infection. In this case, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics.
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Development in dogs
Sarcoptic mange in dogs is caused by a mite of the genus Sarcoptescanis, which affects the auricles, muzzle, areas of the body with the least hairline, the elbow joints, and the abdomen and does not have a pronounced seasonality, as it occurs at any time of the year.
Ways of infection
Sick weakened dogs most often become the source of damage, and in the future, reproduction. Healthy individuals become infected by contact with the sick or through human household items, shoes, clothes, etc. Most often, the disease affects young individuals, which tolerate the disease more severely than their adult relatives.
Infection from people who are non-specific carriers is also possible. In humans, sarcoptic mange proceeds much more easily than in animals and manifests itself in the form of redness, followed by a rash and itching, the continuation of these signs is possible up to several months. In the human body, Sarcoptidal mites cannot live long because there are no suitable conditions for the development of their eggs.
signs
The first days of sarcoptic mange are not noticeable, but after 10-14 days the first symptoms appear. So-called pimples (papules) filled with a clear liquid are formed on areas of the skin that are not protected by hairline, bursting, they spread the infection throughout the body. The disease is accompanied by unbearable itching, the infected animal constantly itches, which further leads to the formation of a scab, the animal continues to itch, turning the scales into open wounds of an abscess. With improper treatment and in advanced cases, the disease takes a chronic head start, which subsequently leads to thickening, pigmentation and even baldness of the skin. Photos clearly demonstrate how the affected areas of the skin look.
Diagnostics
To make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to take scrapings of the skin and, under laboratory conditions, obtain an accurate result by microscopy. Despite laboratory tests, no more than 50% of dogs infected with sarcoptic mange receive a positive result. Despite this, preventive treatment is prescribed based on clinical and epidemiological data.
Treatment
Treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs involves several steps. To begin with, the pet must be washed with soapy water using antiseborrheic agents. After that, the animal is treated with preparations with acaricide with an interval of several weeks. Dicrezil, karbofos, an aqueous solution of diazinon show good results in the fight against ticks. Macrolide preparations are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, the dose is 0.1 ml / kg per dog body weight, applied twice with an interval of 7-9 days. Outwardly, products containing selamectin, which has long been used to treat sarcoptic mange in many countries, are used.
The systemic means of brovermectin-granulate, ivermectin cope well with the disease. However, these drugs should not be prescribed to breeds such as shelties, kohls, bobtails, they have severe side effects. Therefore, on the basis of these drugs, ointments are made, which are then rubbed into damaged areas of the skin. Treatment is necessarily accompanied by the use of a muzzle in order to avoid licking the drugs and poisoning the pet. For the speedy restoration of wool, sulfur-containing preparations are recommended.
The development of the disease in cats
Signs of illness
Symptoms of sarcoptic mange are manifested in cats, as in dogs, affecting the skin. In the area of the head on the ears, nose, near the superciliary arches, abscess vesicles filled with liquid appear, which cause constant itching, leading to the formation of scabs, combing the skin to blood. In these places, hair falls out, and the skin becomes rough and begins to crack. The photo on the Internet shows how the affected area of the skin of a sick animal looks like.
Diagnosis takes place on the basis of a clinical examination of the pet by a veterinarian and by laboratory melons, for which it is necessary to take a skin scraping in the affected area and study it under a microscope.
Therapy
A sick pet must be isolated from other animals and contact with other family members should be minimized. One of the most effective, albeit expensive, methods of treatment are drops on the withers Lawyer of the German company Bayer. A one-time application protects the animal from sarcoptic mange for up to 28 days, which is enough for a complete recovery. The use of sulfuric and aversectin ointments give a positive result in the fight against the disease. They should be applied several times a day for 5 days. The complex remedy amit containing in its composition anti-inflammatory, antibacterial substances perfectly copes with the infection.
In more severe cases, it is possible to use drugs that are injected subcutaneously, they act quickly and effectively due to the fact that they act from the inside. One of these is aversect, it is applied at the rate of 0.2 ml per 10 kg of weight twice with an interval of 5 days. Bathing with keratolytic shampoos also gives a good result in the fight against scabies. It is necessary to put on a funnel on the treated animal in order to avoid licking and poisoning of the pet. In parallel with the treatment, the room where the infected animal is kept should be disinfected.
Leakage in pigs
Sarcoptic mange of pigs is provoked by the mite Sarkoptessuis, which affects the epidermal layers of the skin, most often in the places where the hairs come out, where the skin is thinnest. Animals constantly itch, tearing the skin to blood, thereby provoking the formation of scabs. The photo in the medical literature shows what the infested pigs look like.
The disease often affects young individuals up to a year old, with not yet strengthened immunity. If the disease is not treated, then upon reaching the age of six months, the disease passes into the chronic stage. In adults, infection is noticeable on closer examination.
Despite the pronounced signs of sarcoptic mange, in order to obtain a correct conclusion in affected pigs, the skin is scraped off until blood appears, for diagnosis.
Therapy
Treatment of sarcoptic mange in pigs should begin with softening and removal of hardened parts of the body. After that, the young are bathed, and adults are sprayed with such means as 2% SK-9 emulsion, 2% chlorophos solution, TAP-85 preparation, 1% creolin soap solution, 1.5% trichlormetaphosam. When treating animals with liquid solutions, the inner surface of the ears should be carefully treated. Intramuscularly, the animals are injected with the drug Ivermek, subcutaneously administered Novomek 1% at the rate of 1.5 ml per 50 kg, twice with an interval of up to 10 days. For disinfection of premises and walking areas where sick individuals are kept, the same preparations should be used as for spraying pigs.
The use of meat of processed animals for food is allowed no earlier than 10 days after the last spraying with chlorophos, trichlormetaphos-3 after 45 days, and only two months after the application of creolin and TAP-85.
For preventive purposes, it is necessary to observe sanitary requirements, periodically inspect livestock, exclude contact of sick animals with healthy ones. New animals entering the farm should be quarantined for 30 days and treated with acaricidal agents for prevention.
a source
www.parasite.net
Sarcoptic mange(Sarcoptoses) is pruritic scabies, an obsolete acarosis, an invasive animal disease caused by the pruritic mite Sarcoptes and characterized by pruritus and dermatitis.
Epizootological characteristics.The source of the causative agent of invasion is animals with sarcoptic mange. Infection occurs when sick animals are kept together with healthy ones, as well as through infested care items. Young and weak animals are more susceptible to sarcoptic mange. Ticks live on the host's body for 4-6 weeks, outside the host - 3-4 weeks. The greatest distribution of sarcoptic mange is reached in the autumn-winter period, as well as under unsanitary conditions for keeping animals.
Clinical signs.First, the skin of the head, neck, then other parts of the host's body is affected. Alopecia, hairless places, abrasions, crusts appear, the skin thickens, its elasticity is lost. Sometimes there are pustules on the skin. Animals lose weight, reduce efficiency (horses), productivity.
Diagnosis put on the basis of clinical signs, epizootological data and confirmed by the result of microscopy of deep skin scrapings taken at the border of healthy and affected skin areas. A scraping is placed on a glass slide or Petri dish, then kerosene is added to it, kneaded thoroughly, covered with a cover slip and examined under a low magnification microscope.
Treatment. For horses and camels in the cold season, fumigation is used in a gas chamber. In summer and autumn, anti-acaricidal baths are used for mass treatments. For bathing, use a 0.5% solution of creolin containing 0.03% of the gamma isomer of hexachlorane (prohibited for slaughter and dairy cattle). Treatment in baths is repeated after 10 days. It is possible to spray the body of the animal with a 0.5% aqueous emulsion of dicresyl, etc. For individual treatment, use: a) Murin liniment (crude carbolic acid 20.0 g; tar 20.0 g; turpentine 10.0 g; green soap 200 0 g; water up to 1 l); b) tar liniment (tar and sulfur 1 part each, green soap and alcohol 2 parts each), etc. Previously, animals are cleaned of dirt, hair is cut off and crusts are removed. Liniments (ointments) are rubbed into one half of the body, and after 2-3 days into the other (in cattle, no more than 1/4 of the body surface is treated at one time).
Prevention.In farms that are unfavorable for sarcoptic mange, animals (horses, cattle, camels, pigs) are divided into 3 groups: sick, suspicious for the disease, healthy. Each of the groups of animals is kept in isolation and staff is assigned to it. Sick and suspicious animals are treated. At the same time, the current desacarinization of premises, harnesses, care items and personnel overalls is carried out. Suspicious and healthy animals are examined daily to identify patients with sarcoptic mange. 20 days after the cure of all patients and the implementation of a complex of anti-scabies measures, the economy is considered safe.
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How to treat sarcoptic mange
How to treat sarcoptic mange - types of sarcoptic mange
There is also a separate type of scabies mite in fur animals, as well as rabbits. Rabbits have this kind Sarcoptes cuniculi, and furry animals such as the fox and arctic foxSarcoptes vulpis. In rabbits, the disease initially affects the scalp, then the neck, paws, and abdomen. In foxes and arctic foxes, the paws, scalp, neck, chest, tail and inner thighs are affected first. Fur animals become infected with scabies from pets dogs, cats, rodents. Also from their sick relatives, through animal care items.
Sarcoptic disease of pigs is a chronic disease that also has its own form - Sarcoptes suis. Symptoms are the same - itching, inflammation of the skin, the formation of thick, coarse skin folds.
Canine sarcryptosis. Most often, tick damage begins with the sacrum, groin, and earlobes. At the same time, animals scratch the affected areas very strongly. Hair falls off, scabs form and ulcers in animals due to the ingress of dirt into the wounds. Animal hair becomes dry and dandruff is formed.
There is also a separate type of sarcoptic mange in humans. Sarcoptes scabiei. Infection occurs most often through contaminated bed linen, household items, and also through pets. The hands, elbows, armpits are affected. The main symptom of the disease is severe itching. With this disease in humans, complications are possible in the form of dermatitis, as well as eczema! The diagnosis is made with a scraping, in which a tick is found (laboratory tests). For treatment, special sulfuric ointments, or emulsions, are used, for example benzyl benzoate.
How to treat sarcoptic mange And what preparations to use? Before using the drugs, the animal should be washed with warm water and soap. This is done so that the drugs can easily get to the affected area, penetrate deeper into the layers of the skin and have a better effect on the tick.
For treatment, first of all, washing animals in solutions or emulsions is used. Use a 2% solution of chlorophos. For pigs, 0.5% cyodrin emulsion, 0.15% neocidol solution, 0.5% dicresyl emulsion, 4-5% aqueous suspension of colloidal sulfur can be used. Various aerosols and acaricidal powders are also used. Of the injection preparations, you can use Ivomec, Ivermectin, Univerm. When using drugs that it can lick off, dogs wear a special collar or collar.
For the treatment of fur animals, you can use therapeutic baths with the above drugs. Sick animals are tied up before bathing, and then the whole body, except for the head, is immersed in the bath for 2-3 minutes, while doing a massage. The head is submerged for only a few seconds.
Prevention consists of identification and treatment of patients, compliance with hygiene rules. Animals brought from other farms must be kept in quarantine, while it is possible to treat animals with acaricidal preparations, as well as desacarize premises and animal care items.
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Canine sarcoptosis (Sarcoptosis canum) is a parasitic pruritic disease of dogs caused by mites of the species Sarcoptes canis and is clinically manifested in dogs with severe itching.
Biological cycle of development. The female lays 2-8 eggs in the epidermal layer of the skin, 40-60 in total. One generation of ticks develops under optimal conditions for 15-19 days, passing through the phase of eggs, larvae, protonymphs, telenymphs and adults. Male ticks live in the epidermis of a dog for up to 1 month, after copulation with a telenymph they die. Female ticks live up to 1.5 months.
Healthy dogs are invaded only by teleonymphs and females. Once in the external environment, sarcoptic mange mites do not multiply, but retain their mobility for up to 2 weeks, and die at temperatures below 0°C. Eggs are viable up to 1 month. Sarcotes in the dog's body feed on epidermal cells, lymph, and inflammatory exudate.
Pathogenesis. The dog mainly affects areas of the body on which there is no thick coat: ears, elbows and hocks. The disease in a dog begins to appear 2 weeks after being infected with a tick. Damage to the skin in a sick dog leads to a disruption in the activity of many systems of the body of a sick animal (central nervous system, cardiovascular, reticulo-endothelial, immune, etc.). From localized in a certain area of the body, the disease can progress and move to other parts of the dog's body, on which, as a result of severe itching, the hair is thinned, up to baldness. The dog's skin becomes covered with papules, erythema, scabs, and even some dogs have superficial bleeding. As a result of all this, skin respiration is disturbed in the animal, oxygen deficiency increases, and heat transfer increases. Itching in a dog increases in a warm room, especially when it is near heating appliances. The course of sarcoptic mange can be complicated by allergic reactions to waste products released by ticks. If timely measures for treatment are not taken, the disease becomes chronic, which is characterized by lichenification, hyperpigmentation of the affected skin and thickening of the superficial lymph nodes. With a reduced resistance of the body in a sick dog, irreversible pathological processes occur and the sick dog dies.
Clinical picture. At an early stage of the disease, the symptoms of sarcoptic mange are not pronounced. A week after the dog was infected with sarcoptic mites, during a clinical examination, a veterinarian on the back of the nose, superciliary arches, and ears diagnoses nodules, which are subsequently filled with a clear liquid, turning into papules. The dog develops severe itching, as a result, scratches and scabs appear at the site of the formed papules. The coat of such a sick animal is glued together by a liquid that is secreted by the affected skin.
With an atypical course of the disease, a veterinarian during a clinical examination of such an animal notes the appearance of a large amount of dandruff in it.
Diagnosis a veterinarian puts on sarcoptic mange based on anamnestic data (a survey of the dog owner), epizootic data, the clinical picture of the disease and confirms it with a laboratory test. To detect a sarcoptic mite, its eggs or waste products, it is necessary to carry out deep scrapings of the affected skin. The most effective is to take a scraping near a fresh comb, papules, in those places that a sick animal cannot lick. But even in this case, only in 50% we can detect a tick.
Differential Diagnosis. Sarcoptosis must be differentiated from demodicosis (), fungal skin diseases (,), contact dermatitis, folliculitis and generalized pyoderma.
Treatment. Owners of a sick animal should be isolated from other dogs. Before treatment, the sick dog is thoroughly washed in warm water with tar or baby soap. For this purpose, the owner of the dog can use soap K, SK-9, anti-borheic shampoo. During this procedure, the dog's skin is cleansed and freed from scabs, crusts, dandruff, grease, dirt, germs and other harmful deposits. After such a wash, the dog can be rinsed with infusions and decoctions of herbs - celandine, string, chamomile, calendula and others, then, in order to avoid colds and hypothermia, the dog must be thoroughly wiped with a clean cloth. We shave the affected areas of the skin or cut it short. On wounds, scratches, we apply anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial ointments, suspensions - Konkov, Vishnevsky, Wilkelson 1-2 times a day for 10-14 days, sulfuric and sulfur-tar 2-3 times a day for 14 days or more, 1% liniment of chlorophos on fish oil, celestoderm, lorinden, flucenar, tetracycline, etc. Effective treatment of sarcoptic mange by the Demyanovich method with the use of hyposulfite and hydrochloric acid solutions. A 20% water-soap suspension of benzyl benzoate has a good antisarcoptic effect. Skin treatment is repeated 2-3 times with an interval of 5-7 days.
The method and use of these drugs in each case is determined by the attending veterinarian.
After that, we begin to wash the sick dog in a bath with acaricidal preparations with an interval of 2 weeks. Good results in the treatment give a 0.5% emulsion of schudrin, decresil, karbofos, 0.155 diazinon aqueous emulsion, hexachloran emulsion with 0.04-0.05% gamma isomer content. Treatment with acaricidal preparations for local skin lesions usually does not give a positive effect. Due to the high toxicity of acaricidal preparations, puppies up to 4 months of age should not be subjected to this kind of treatment. In young puppies, we treat each half of the body alternately.
With focal sarcoptic mange of dogs, 2-3 times rubbing of a 0.5% oil solution of ASD-3 (Dorogov's antiseptic stimulator) is successfully used, the interval for rubbing is 7-10 days. Five treatments with Demos or Decta preparations with an interval of 3-4 days are effective. Sulfur, which is part of the preparation, helps to restore the coat of a sick animal. Currently, drugs containing synthetic pyrethroids are most often used for sarcoptic mange in dogs - stomazan, neostamazan, butox, ectomine, anometrin nitigifor, anometrin, permintin, ivomek, proposcur, etc. Based on these drugs, 0.1-0.2% are prepared. aqueous solutions in which animals are bathed, and in case of focal lesions, the solutions are rubbed with a sponge or cotton swab into the animal's coat and skin. After this treatment, the dogs are allowed to shake off and dry in a warm place, without washing and wiping.
To prevent poisoning during treatments on a dog, it is necessary to wear a muzzle or special collars that prevent licking of the coat.
For the treatment of sarcoptic mange, drugs Selamectin are used, registered in many countries for the treatment of sarcoptic mange, Ivermectin - which is administered subcutaneously 2-3 times at intervals of one to two weeks, has side effects in some breeds of dogs - (Collie, Sheltie, Bobtail, Terriers, as well as dogs of dolichocephalic breeds). Advocate is a very effective drug, which combines imidacloprid 10% and maxidectin 2.5%. This drug is manufactured by Bayer.
At the beginning of treatment, with increased itching in a sick dog, glucocortican is prescribed at a dose of 1 mg / kg daily for 3-4 days.
When conducting a course of treatment with anti-scab agents, veterinary specialists prescribe sedative, antiallergic, antimicrobial drugs, as well as hepatoprotectors (Lif-52, etc.) in the treatment regimen for sarcoptic mange.
Sarcoptic mange in dogs is a skin disease caused by mites and is accompanied by severe itching. By itself, this ailment does not go away, but only worsens - it becomes chronic, affecting more extensive areas of the skin. The appearance of the dog becomes unsightly, and the incessant itching exhausts the animal and leads to exhaustion.
Separated from the animal, the tick can live no more than two weeks, while reproduction does not occur.
If a sick dog is isolated, then the allergy in humans will pass in a month.
Infection of a pet occurs through close contact: games, walks, while staying in the same room for a while. If a healthy dog lies on the bed of a sick animal in his absence, it is very likely that he will become ill.
Infection does not depend on the time of year, nor on the breed, nor on age. Even good immunity in this case does not save.
Symptoms
The first 10-14 days the symptoms are mild and usually go unnoticed. Further, the disease begins to develop rapidly. On the muzzle of the dog, in the region of the nostrils, eyebrows and edges of the ears, whitish rashes appear, gradually growing and increasing in size. Liquid accumulates inside them.
The main localization of rashes is those parts of the body where there is little hair. These are the groin, abdomen, armpits, head, paws in the region of the hocks and elbows. If you do not take measures to treat the disease, it spreads to the whole body. Wool in places of lesions may fall out.
Main features:
- rashes (papules) on the skin, inside which there is a liquid;
- the dog constantly scratches the affected areas, combing them to the blood;
- dark dry crusts (scabs) remain in place of combing;
- in places of damage, the hair sticks together due to the fact that when combing, liquid flows out of the papules;
- skin peeling, dandruff;
- subcutaneous bruising;
- lesions may become bald;
- keratinization of the skin (hyperkeratosis);
- darkening of the color of the skin.
Without proper treatment, the disease becomes chronic: the lymph nodes increase, the dog becomes irritated due to constant itching, or falls into a depressed state, loses its appetite. This form of the disease leads to emaciation.
The main symptom that distinguishes this disease from other skin diseases is constant, unrelenting itching. There are no drugs that can completely drown it out.
In the cold, the itching weakens a little, and if the air is dry and hot in the room, on the contrary, it intensifies.
Diagnostics
The manifestations of sarcoptic mange are similar to such skin diseases as: various types of dermatitis, fungal infections, allergic reactions to food, and others. This makes diagnosis very difficult.
It is not always possible to establish an accurate diagnosis immediately, even in the clinic. When scraping the skin for research, it is important to take it from the place that the dog has recently combed and did not have time to lick. In some cases, subcutaneous mites are not visible even under a microscope. It is most difficult to determine the causative agent of the disease at an early stage of the disease.
If it is impossible to establish a diagnosis the first time, treatment is prescribed as for dermatitis. If after a while it becomes obvious that the treatment does not help, then sarcoptic mange is suggested, and the treatment regimen is changed.
Treatment
Treatment of sarcoptic mange consists of a whole range of therapeutic measures.
First of all, it is important to isolate the dog from other animals.
People who are prone to allergies should also stop contact with the pet until he recovers.
The dog must be thoroughly washed using any seborrhea shampoo. It will moisturize and soften the skin. Instead of shampoo, baby soap or tar soap is suitable. Wool must be combed out, cut out sticky lumps. In places of severe damage, the hair should be shaved off, or cut very short.
If there are scabs on the skin, they must be removed. To do this, they are soaked, and very carefully scraped off. The part that does not leave the skin does not need to be removed yet, so that fresh wounds do not form.
The lesions are treated with anti-inflammatory ointments. Wounds are lubricated until complete healing.
For the treatment of sarcoptic mange, various suspensions, emulsions or liniments are prescribed. They treat the skin of dogs several times a day for a long time - from two weeks or more.
To restore wool, ointments containing sulfur are used.
To prevent the dog from licking the treated wounds, which can lead to poisoning, a special cone-shaped collar or muzzle is put on it.
If the damage to the skin is extensive, then instead of applying the drug to the damaged area of the skin, baths are prescribed, where a solution from the medicine is added.
In some cases, subcutaneous or intramuscular acaricidal injections are necessary. Their need, dosage, and frequency of administration are prescribed by the doctor. You cannot use these drugs yourself, because some breeds may have complications and side effects. The same goes for small puppies.
Due to the fact that drugs for sarcoptic mange are potent, hepatoprotectors are prescribed to maintain liver function.
To alleviate the condition of the animal and reduce itching, sedatives and antihistamines are needed.
Prevention
To exclude the disease again, the dog's place must be disinfected. What can be thrown away is thrown away, what cannot be thrown away is washed at a high temperature. A mattress, a couch can be warmed up in the sun, but a dog can be allowed to them not earlier than in a month. Only after this time the ticks will die.
Collapse
Transmission routes
The tick can also infect the owner of the dog. It passes to the human skin in several ways:
When one dog is diagnosed appropriately, all animals in the household should be treated to avoid re-infection. People do not need to be treated, they are not able to infect a dog after it has been cured, even if they themselves are still carriers of the micromite.
Symptoms in humans
In rare cases, symptoms may persist for several months. Usually it goes away in a few days.
Diagnostics
The most reliable diagnostic method in humans is microscopic examination of scrapings. This diagnostic method has several features:
- It is carried out in laboratory conditions. The collected sample is immediately placed on a sterile glass slide for subsequent microscopic examination;
- The procedure is completely painless, as there is no targeted damage to the skin;
- Scraping is taken both from the damaged area (that is, from the one on which the symptoms are expressed), and from relatively intact ones (as prescribed by the doctor);
- The disease is contagious and very easily transmitted. Therefore, it is sometimes recommended to take scrapings to all family members who are in close contact with an infected person (and especially sleeping with him in the same bed, using the same towels, etc.);
- Such a study cannot become a method of excluding the disease, since its reliability is about 50%, and sometimes less. If the symptoms are clear, but the result of the study is negative, it is recommended to take scrapings a few more times.
Treatment
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Skin diseases in pets are a fairly common phenomenon in veterinary medicine. The pet may have mechanical damage, various viral or fungal diseases. Scabies is often diagnosed. Treatment of sarcoptic mange in dogs, or more simply, scabies caused by a skin mite, is the topic of our article.
Sarcoptic mites
A non-seasonal skin disease of animals caused by ticks is called "sarcoptic mange". It is accompanied by severe itching, redness of the skin and partial alopecia. Do not underestimate this disease, because without timely treatment, it can progress.
Scabies becomes chronic and leads to severe consequences. The dog loses its attractive appearance, and the constant itching is exhausting and leads to physical exhaustion.
The causative agent of scabies is a sarcoptoid mite, widespread in Russia and the CIS countries. Belongs to the genus Sarcoptes scabiei (Sarcoptes, Sarcoptes canis).
Infection occurs from an animal with sarcoptic mange, this is the so-called direct contact. The route of infection can also be indirect, for example, through an object of care, clothing, a walking area.
Symptoms of infection and development of the disease
It is possible to determine whether a dog is infected with sarcoptic mange by the combination of symptoms that are quite pronounced.
The disease makes itself felt two weeks after infection with Sarcoptes canis mites. The initial stage is characterized by affected areas of the skin in the area of the muzzle, head, neck, and tips of the ears. This is due to the fact that ticks are attracted to areas with a sparse coat. At this time, the dog begins to itch, redness appears.
At the second stage, in addition to the above signs, hyperemic areas of the skin are covered with papules, erythema, scabs, crusts. Dandruff appears.
At the third stage, the animal can see bald areas, the skin on which becomes rough, rough, cracked. Keratinization and pigmentation of the skin appear, and other parts of the dog's body are already suffering - on the abdomen, paws, etc. Lymph nodes increase. An animal suffering from sarcoptic mange loses its appetite and falls into a depressed state.
Dry air and heat contribute to increased itching, cold, on the contrary, brings some relief to the dog.
Diagnosis of the disease in the veterinary clinic
Diagnosis and treatment are carried out by a veterinarian. Sarcoptic mange must be differentiated from eczema, and others.
The most reliable way to determine scabies is to study scrapings. This method allows you to detect a tick or its metabolic products.
How to treat sarcoptic mange in dogs
First aid at home is a simple action. First of all, you need to exclude any contact of other pets with an infected dog. Communication of such a four-legged pet with people should also be minimized. Before examination by a specialist, the dog should not be washed, since the water procedure will significantly reduce the ability to detect a tick in a scraping.
Therapy for sarcoptic mange in dogs is carried out in a complex and includes, first of all, washing the dog with acaricidal preparations at an interval set by a veterinarian.
It is very important to choose the right shampoo, as not all of them are effective. Keratolytic shampoos DermaPet, DermaBenSs, Doctor with chlorhexidine or birch tar have proven themselves well in this regard.
In severe cases, intramuscular or subcutaneous acaricidal injections are indicated (Ivermek, Vormil, etc.).
To maintain liver function, hepatoprotectors are prescribed. This is due to the fact that the drugs for sarcoptic mange are very strong.
Treatment at home necessarily involves the use of antihistamines and sedatives to reduce itching. At the same time, for the most effective effect of the drug, we shave the affected areas of the skin or cut the hair short up to the skin, and remove the dried pus.
The process of treating a dog must be entrusted to a veterinarian. Only a specialist can prescribe drugs that can save an animal from a serious illness. Keep in mind that scabies is a dangerous and highly contagious disease.
It can be diagnosed only with the help of special equipment. In order to prevent the most severe consequences, it is necessary to consult a specialist at the first suspicion of sarcoptic mange.
Prevention of sarcoptic mange in dogs
Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, and sarcoptic mange is no exception. Preventive measures include:
To rule out the possibility of a recurrence of a disease such as sarcoptic mange in dogs, prevention for pet owners should become the norm. After the end of treatment, it is necessary to disinfect the place where the animal lay.
