The festive appearance of toys was created by painting on a chalk white background, the basis of painting is a geometric ornament and a bright, contrasting color gamut, complemented by the glued gluits of golden foil. The toys were covered with a dazzling white layer of chalk, divorced on the removed milk, and then along this whipping with dry aniline paints with mounted eggs, diluted with vinegar or peroxide kvass, performed a bright multicolor painting (4-8 colors). Currently use gouache paints divorced on eggs, tempera or special paints for ceramics. For painting, homemade brushes were used from rags (extended canvas flap wrapped on a wand) and launches-sticks to guide the eyes and eyebrows. The stains were applied to the end of a smoothly cut pector. Now consume speech or ferret brushes.
Bright and peculiar painting is a major geometric pattern, combined with smooth-wide parts. Especially varied and elemental ornaments skirts, animal figures. Painting colors are combined on the principle of contrast and mutual addition; The multi-fission is emphasized by the presence of white and black flowers and complemented by shiny squares of gravestone gold (now copper potash) pasted on hats and collars of ladies, epolutes and cokards of the military, lush tails of turkeys, etc. In painting toys, bright colors are traditionally used: blue, red, orange, yellow, raspberry, blue, blue, emerald, green and in very small quantity brown and black. Yellow paint was supplemented by pieces of gold and silver sweat. Paints, mounted on egg yolk, sounded muffled, as if giving the soil part of their color. Each craftswomen had their recipes for their breeding. In the coloring of the figures, also had its own sequence. At first, the hair was drawn black, the eyebrows and eyes were applied with a wand, three red or orange spots - mouth and cheeks. Then they painted the hat, and the painting of the skirt ornamentation was completed. On top of the color to enhance the shine, the pieces of graval gold or sweat (imitating the gold of the finest leaves from copper and zinc alloy) were pasted. Palopa complemented harmonious color combinations with soft matte glitter. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, paints on toys became brighter, and their combinations are contrast. Patterns on clothing corresponded to patterns on real fabrics - smooth-turn, plaid, "in polka dot" and in small flower. Painting elements are the simplest geometric elements: mugs, rings, strips, snakes. Fancy combinations of the simplest decorations in color, size, alternations with each other make it possible to create charming and strikingly varied compositions of painting. The painting of the toys begin after firing and tossing (you can use the water-level paint from the PVA) with the bright paint itself, then with a darker color. It is important to know the color value. Green in the people's presentation is associated with the concept of life. Symbolizes nature, land, arable land. White has always been associated with the concept of moral purity, truth and good. Black speaks about Mount, not true, evil. Red color is not only a symbol of fire. But beauty, strength, fame, health. Blue - the color of the sky.
In the Dymkovsky toy, the use of symbols seeking to beauty, truth and healthy life is characterized. All patterns in the traditional Dymkov toy are iconic, associated with nature, overalls.
There are solar sun signs, such as a circle with intersectable stripes. Lunny - intersection of a perpendicular and horizontal line with points inside the four triangles formed from preventing triangles. Points in a circle or alternating points with a circle - signs of seeds and embryos.
Sign of fertility - rhombus. The sky with clouds is a straight line and on top of waving, if the sky is rain, with drops. That is between two straight lines alternate points with an equal interval. Mother of the land of cheese and grain in it - two lines parallel, and inside the wave-like with points on both sides in the recesses. All sorts of plant signs are used - sprouts, grains, leaves, berries, flowers and signs with the wishes of the good.
For each character there are techniques of modeling and painting. Traditional riders, roosters and other sculptures are bright and fantastic: turkey with a magnificent fan-shaped tail, horse in bright blue apples-circles, the goat red with gold rhog. The ducks - the "winrcts" differ from simple ducks with horizontal rows of ruffle-wings, as if they were put on them two alarm with a stucco roller - in front and rear. In their painting there is a certain pattern of pattern application. First, a wide strip on the chest is made, then narrower - from the neck around the sides, in accordance with the form of the cone. Then they cross the transverse stripes, forming a checkered pattern. Yellow-orange, purulent gray, blue-green-yellow whistles demonstrate a thin feeling of color, which are endowed by their authors. For painting skating-whistles, a combination of vertical strips and rows of multi-colored peas of different sizes, made in harmonious or contrast tones, are characterized. Compared with ducks and skates, images of other animals (goats, rams, cows and especially pigs) and birds are presented significantly less. Cows, goats and rams on plastic are similar to horses, only the form of horns and drawings of the muzzle are similar to their prototypes, the originality of the appearance of which is very concise. Painting of pets of pets is close to the murals of the skates: as a rule, they are decorated with longitudinal rows of dark points or small multicolored peas.
The final stroke in decorating is the application of gilding. Its application makes a unique distinctive feature in the Dymkov toy. Natural gold gold was primarily used - the finest gold plates laid by paper ribbons to avoid gluing. Gold along with the paper was cut into small squares (with a side of 0.5 cm), which, with a brush, moistened in the Egg protein, was transferred to the toy and gently painted with a dry brush.
Dymkov's toys are also called Vyatski, or Kirov. They have a long history, and more than 400 hundred years ago appeared in the Slobodone near the Russian city of Vyatka.
History
A few words from the history of Dymkov toys ...
Initially, Dymkov's toys were devoted to the holiday whistle. To this day, folk craftsmen made a red clay whistles that were burned and painted various patterns on them.
They were made in the form of various animals. Here were:
- and cockerel
- and duck,
- and deer
- and turkey
- and horse
- and also a laughter of the ladies.
However, over time, the appointment of the holiday was forgotten, but the fishery resumed in the 20th century and became a real business card of this edge. Drykovsky toys began to do as Russian souvenirs.
How to do it?
The red clay is taken first, mixed with brown river sand. This type of clay exists near Vyatki. A figurine, for example, a rooster, turkey or a horse bearing out of it. Sculpt figures account for parts. Then, with the help of liquid clay, they glued, the figure is adjusted by the Master. Then the toy is dried and burns into the furnace at high temperatures. Then take it to color. Patterns are applied by white paint. Previously, the paint was made from the chalk, mixed on milk. Today there are special paints. In addition to white, toys are replete with blue, green, yellow colors that give them special cheerfulness. Top toys were covered with whipped squirrel, which gave them a bright shine and elegacity. Each toy is unique, because it is done manually. Among the many figures collected in museums, you will not find two identical. The largest toy museum is in Kirov.
Presentation
Probably, you guys wanted to create such toys for yourself?
Unfortunately, it is impossible to do this at home, even if you own clay modeling technique. But you can try to paint the silhouettes of Dymkovsky toys. On our site you will find photos, pictures and coloring for children with the image of Dymkov toys. They can be downloaded and print. You will be met:
- cheerful cock
- important duck,
- nasty turkey
- graceful horse
- and dressed in the elegant clothes of the lady.
- Also here you will find numerous patterns that are decorated with a Dymkov toy.
However, do not rush to take on coloring. First, carefully consider photos of toys, remember what colors drawn figures, because the colors on the figures have their own pattern. Photo will help you draw conclusions yourself, and coloring for children - practice. Probably the most favorite toys of children are a cockerel and turkey, sometimes children are mentioned by children. Why? They are the brightest, most elegant. Think about how the rooster looks like, what colors you use to paint it, because the rooster in the old days was a symbol of the beginning of a new day, sunrise. In his figure - all the colors of the rainbow. The photos and coloring offers on our website will help children get closer to get acquainted with this unusual Russian folk fishery, to show their fantasy and smelting, learn to draw. Acquaintance with any ancient fishery enriches a child, connects him with ancestors, with Russian roots. And get acquainted with toys doubly more interesting. From the depths of the centuries, they open their secrets to children, share cheerfulness, create a good mood and creative rise.
Selection of materials on the topic
click on the picture below to download a collection of pictures with the image of Dymkovsky toys: and you can also download separate pictures of Dymkovsky toys at your discretion: lady 
Horse 
Rooster turkey 
Duck 
The Dymkov toy is one of the oldest Russian folk clay crafts. He first emerged 400 years ago and still did not lose his relevance. During this time, the appearance of the Dymkovsky toys changed, but the peculiarity of its manufacture, making it unique, remained the same. Our story about the Dymkovskaya toy is intended primarily for children, younger schoolchildren, but interested in adults will also be interested in.
History of the creation of Dymkovsky toys
It comes to this fishery from the Dymkovskaya Sloboda, which is now part of the city of Kirov (earlier - Vyatka).
There is an interesting legend associated with the creation of a Dymkovsky toy. According to her, one day, many centuries ago, two friendly troops met the walls of the city, but because of what was dark, they decided that they were the enemy and the fight began. A lot of warriors died in the battle, it is believed that their evil spirits still fly over the battlefield. And after that, the tragic event was made every year in the spring to cope TRIZNU.
Gradually, this incident was forgotten, and instead of Trizna, folk festivities appeared, which called "whistle phones". On this day, women were sculpting from clay various figures and balls, which were beautiful and carefully painted. Figures on the walking having fun whistles, and with colored balls, inside which were peas, it was customary to throw each other, which created an additional noise.
Of course, not only the tragic incident contributed to the formation of the holiday and the creation of a Dymkovsky toy. It was important that near the Dymkovskaya Slobodi were clay deposits, which could be used in ceramics. The special way of modeling and the original painting was made by Dymkovsky toys in demand not only in Kirov, but also far beyond.
Features of the Dymkovsky toys
A characteristic feature of a Dymkovsky toy, distinguishing it from other figures and figurines, is that they all can whistle, crack, rumble and publish another noise. This feature is associated with the fact that evil spirits do not like noise, and the toy is just called to disperse these spirits. In the spring time, with the beginning of agricultural work, their presence was not at all necessary. It was believed that they appeared in the fields in winter and one of the ways to combat them were spring holidays, which differed to noisy fun. In the expulsion of the spirits with the help of a whistling and a roar and the task of the Dymkov toys was.
Thus, first of all, the figures were to publish noise and whistle. Currently, this is not the necessary attribute of the Dymkov toy, however, the ways of its manufacture and painting remained the same.
The process of manufacturing a Dymkov toy
All the way to create a unique and unique Dymkovsky toy is akin to magic and shares into several stages. The main ones are:
Model
drying,
burning,
whitewash,
Painted.
How to sculpt the Dymkov toy
The model of the modeling is carried out manually and therefore there are no two identical Dimkovsky toys, each of them is unique and keeps in itself a part of the soul of the Master, which made it.
To create a craft, used bright red clay, mixed with small river sand. The toy is created in parts, and, then, all parts are fastened with each other using liquid red clay, the joints are also smooth for a smooth rogue.
The modeling can be divided into several stages:
1. Creating a basis.
2. Production of appendages.
3. Connection of appendages with a torso.
4. Adding decorations.
The basis in the modeling of the Dymkov toy is a torso. First, the ball rolls out of a piece of clay. Then, from this ball pulls out the necessary body shape, with the smasher this process is being carried out, the more correct and beautiful form is obtained.
The manufacture of appendages is also made from a clay ball, but smaller. Under the appendages, they mean limbs, head, neck, etc. They are attached to the body, and the joints are fastening with clay and water so that the transition was more smooth.
As decorations, you can create balls, rings, grooves, sausages, and then attach them to the figure.
For example, to make a young lady, first it is necessary to cut a cone-shaped skirt. Then, the body with an oblong neck is attached to it. The next step is the attachment of the head and hand, after which the time comes to dress the lady in a beautiful handkerchief, wear a hat on his head and put a pet or baby in his hands.
Men's figures are a little different. The torso and head are attached to the legs, which are two thick sausages, benting the lower parts of which the legs are obtained. Headwear and hair also differ from female images.
An animal torso reminds of the structure of the cone, to the acute part of which the head and neck is attached. The limbs are usually large, slightly tapering down. The tail with horns are attached to the torso last.
An interesting point is that all Dymkov's toys are made by expanding books. For example, the ladies have always magnificent dresses, cavallers most often squeeze on the horse, and animals have short legs. This is due to the fact that the fragile bottom may not withstand the severity of the entire toy after the drying process.
Drying and firing Dymkovsky toys
After the end of the modeling process, the drying of the toy is made with the subsequent firing. The duration of drying depends on the size of the statuette and the characteristics of the climate indoors. It is necessarily taken into account humidity, temperature and other indicators. Depending on these values, the drying process takes from 3 days to 3 weeks.
After drying, the inclination comes. Previously, toys were burned in a rustic oven. They were put on a metal tray and installed directly on firewood. After the toy has become cold stoves in the same furnace. Currently, modern furnaces are used that allow you to save time and make the process of calcining the toys more secure.
Teaches (whitening) of the Dymkov
After drying and roasting, the Dymkovskaya toy acquires a red-brown color, so before applying the patterns its elevation is carried out. For this, the statuette is covered with a special solution consisting of a chalk powder and milk. After the milk skeins, the solution becomes solid and a smooth white layer is created on the surface of the toy. The electoiling of the figurines allows not only to make their surface to more even, but also to give a special live brightness to apply paints.
Despite numerous attempts to change the composition of the solution, they were unsuccessful. As a result, the figures were obtained yellowish or the surface looked uneven. Therefore, now, like many centuries ago, the whims of the Dymkovsky toys are made precisely the above-mentioned composition.
Features of the painting of the Dymkovsky toy
In order to make a unique image of the Dymkov toy uses a combination of bright, contrasting colors and geometric shapes. Thanks to this, the figures acquire a festive color.
Initially, dark paints were used for paint, diluted with vinegar, kvass or mounted on egg. Eight colors were most often applied. The painting was made with the help of sticks with rags whined on them, and rays-sticks used to draw eyes and eyebrows. Currently, special paints are used for ceramics, acrylic paints, mounted on egg, or gouache paint. They apply them to the toy ferret or column brushes.
The classical painting of Dymkovsky toys consists of a combination of large geometric patterns and smooth-wide parts. When applied, contrasting colors are used, intermitted with white and black, as well as small sheets of gravity gold. All this allows you to create a unique color gamut and emphasize the juiciness of the shades. The most brightly painted animal figures and ornament skirts. Sustal gold squares were applied to the eaps of the military, hats ladies, turkey tails. Most often, when painting toys used such colors as: blue, green, red, raspberry, orange, blue, emerald, brown, black.
The feature of the drawing was and is its sequence. Initially, the hair, eyes and eyebrows were painted, then painted a headdress and skirt. To give the pattern an additional brilliance, some of the places pasted the slices of gravity gold.
The pattern itself is a variety of combination of various geometric shapes and color solutions that give a special flavor to the Dymkovsky toy and help create a huge set of compositions. The most commonly used geometrical forms as: circles, strips, rings, snakes.
It was important to start coloring from bright shades to which the darker color was added. This master should have known that they symbolized the main colors. For example, green is a symbol of nature, arable land, red - beauty, health, fire, white - kindness, truth, honesty, black - grief, evil, and blue - the color of the sky.
When drawing patterns, first of all sought to apply those that symbolized the truth, beauty, healthy life. Such toys became a kind of faith.
For each figurine there were certain paintings. The most brightly painted roosters, turks, riders, ducks, goats. The pattern often wore not only the original, but also a fantastic character. Several less often created figures of rams, pigs and cows.
An additional decoration of the pattern was the small squares of gravity gold. Its use was the characteristic and distinctive feature of the Dymkov toys. Cut from the leaf of gravestone gold squares with a brush dipped in egg protein, applied to the toy and straightened with dry brushes.
Are there now masters of the Dymkov toys?
The traditions of creating a Dymkov toy are still alive. This process has not been automated and serial. Figures and are now painted manually, according to the rules that existed 400 years ago, when this folk fishing appeared. However, not all young craftsmen have enough patience to pass through the learning process, but those who comprehend it completely become real professionals. They create with their own hands fascinating images of the Dymkovsky toys, each of which is individual and unique.
The creation of a Dymkovsky toy was and remains a female profession. Flight of fantasy and knowledge of ancient traditions and customs helps the beautiful floor to create incredible images and transmit them a whole range of juicy paints.
Thanks to the Dymkovskaya toy, existing for more than 400 years, the rich history of the Russian people and his cultural heritage continues. These bright and unusual statuettes are not easy pleasing to the eye and raise the mood, they are immersed in an exciting fairy tale, the unique and original to whose person comes up for himself. And, although, the Dymkov toy currently lost its ritual meaning, it continues to be a symbol of generosity of the soul, the body's cheerfulness and the limitless kindness of the Russian people.
Svetlana Nesterova
Folk applied art, including dymkovo toyare of great importance for the development of aesthetic artistic taste in children, help closer to understand the culture of their people, its traditions, morals, customs.
Affectionate and gently called this toy - haze. All toys are very funny, cheerful and spent sometimes with a big humor.
I am sure that the origin of this toy is known to everyone. From the high shores of the Vyatka River, which costs the city of Kirov, seen village Dimkovo. In winter, when the stoves are drunk, in the summer on cloudy days, when the fog, the village is still in smoke, in haze. Here in the distant old day and this toy originated.
The artist never draws pre-clear contours in patterns. If you look at the pattern, it is unusually prost: Circles, straight and wavy lines, strips, cells, stains, peas. But paints bright: Rollin, red, green, yellow, orange, blue. Even the refinement of small parts, where you need very thin dorisovka, thin line-touch, is made with a soft brush, that is, a cycular reception.
note that the basis of painting - circleson which small elements. (Show.)
Of course, you know that the brush must be kept three fingers vertically with respect to the sheet of paper. Wide lines carry out all the brush, and thin lines, points and cells - the end of the brush. (Show.)
Sometimes dymkovsky masters use"Tychka" (WATT, carved on a match or wand, paper rolled into the tube). These simple devices are not only speeding up the creation of a pattern, but also improve its quality. (Show.) Thus, they turn quickly and equally.
Now we will turn to practical parts of our seminar. I hope you will feel "the tips of your fingers, which feed the source of creative thoughts."
Publications on the topic:
Under the leadership of the teacher of additional education, educators were sculpting from clay Dymkovsky toys, then they were painted to create.
An abstract of classes on the visual activity Theme: "Drawing elements of Dymkovsky painting to decorate the silhouettes of the Dymkov's young lady.
Using unconventional equipment drawing with cotton chopsticks of elements of the Dymkovsky painting To acquaint with elements of the Dimkovsky painting. Develop the ability to use not traditional material (cotton.
Topic: "I love my horse" Average group of 4-5 years Tatiana Tatiana Andreevna Shigolina MBDOU Vorotinsky kindergarten №6 "Golden Key".
Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing 22:16 Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing Bag rigid semi-dry brush means of expressiveness:.
Consultation for teachers "Methods and techniques of non-traditional drawing" Appendix 12 Consultation for teachers "Non-traditional drawing techniques in kindergarten" We are sometimes adults sometimes we do not share this happiness.
Story about the Dymkov toy for preschoolers "in the workshop of the Dymkov toys" Software content to educate in children respect and interest in folk fishery to consolidate ideas about the process of creating toys.
Abstract Classes "Dymkovsky toy" for children 6-7 years
Nirensyan Naila Igorevna, Educator MBDOU "Kindergarten of the Ontressive Type No. 144", VoronezhPurpose: Educators of senior and preparatory groups, primary school teachers, parents.
Goal: Acquaintance of children with folk culture.
Tasks:
- To know with the history of the Dymkov toys.
-Ship love and respect for the work of people's masters, to the folk arts of Russia.
- Break the knowledge of children about the process of making the Dymkov toy and the ability to tell about it.
- know knowledge about the characteristic features of the painting of toys, the ability to create patterns on their own intention. Looking for elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovsky painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, cells, peas).
- Ride the aesthetic perception, feeling of rhythm, colors, creative abilities. Deepen the aesthetic knowledge of folk decorative and applied arts.
Preliminary work: Drawing up the presentation "Dymkovskaya toy", original Dymkov toys for demonstration, printed stencils on white paper (A4 format) and color pencils.
Plan lesson:
- 1. Organizational moment
2. Theoretical part. An introductory conversation about the history and process of creating a demonstration of Dymkov toys, paintings, presentations. Application of the sequence of painting.
3. Final part.
Structure occupation
Educator: Guys, you all have toys, and what are they made from?Children: Our toys are made of plastic, rubber, metal, wood, fabrics.
Educator: Let's find out what toys do in the village of smoking?
What is famous for Dymkovo?
His toy.
There is no smoky color in it,
And there is love people.
There is something from the rainbow
From dew droplets.
There is something in it from joy,
Greying like bass.
(V.Fofhanov)
Educator: Laskovo and gently called this toy in the people - haze. What is the surprising name? We will get acquainted with the Dymkovsky clay toys. It was in the Zarechnaya Large Sloboda Dymkovo near the city of Vyatka. In the old days, the residents of this settlement from Mala Until Velika leopped a clay toy to the spring fair. In winter, the entire Sloboda in smoke from the fact that the stoves are drowning, burn toys. In cloudy days, the fog from the river is light smoke. Perhaps, from this, the name of the smoke arose, and the toys began to call Dymkov. Dymkovsky toys have been manufactured for an old holiday<Свистопляска>. A fair fair-holiday began to be called<Свистунья>. What kind of toys are, let's see?
Through mountain sobs,
Through the roofs of the villages
Red-legged, gusty
Clay deer rushes.
Here is an interactive turkey,
All such he is rude
In a large turkey,
All sides are painted.
Look, a lush tail, he is not completely simple
Exactly sunny flower,
Yes, Alee Grab.
The Dymkov's young lady is all in orange, gold, scarlet and green patterns.
Posmit, as good
This maiden shower
Scratching scarves
Amazing outfit.
Even horses in festive outfits.
Horse clay rush
On the stands that there are strength.
And for the tail can not be held
If the mane missed.
Educator: What is common to all these toys?
Children: All toys are bright paints, everything on a white background is covered with beautiful patterns.
Educator: And what do you think, what paint first cover the toy?
Children: White. On a white background patterns well and beautifully stand out ..
Educator: And you will be able to assume where the wizard got white from?
Children: They took from snow, in winter. The toys looked in winter !!!
Educator: Proper. White background took the wizard from the snow-covered fields, when in winter everything around white-white. In those places winter is long, and there are a lot of snow. Masters want to make a toy as clean and white as snow. Why are they bright?
Children: Because they were made to the holiday, so painted them with bright colors.
Educator: What colors used masters for painting toys?
Children: They used bright colors: red, blue, raspberry, yellow, orange, green.
Educator: What patterns do you see on toys?
Children: On toys circles, points, lines, cells, strips, curves, waves, squares, rings, ovals.
Educator: What images can be seen in Dymkov's toys?
Children: Horse, rooster, deer, ram, lady.
Educator: The most common stories are the nannies with children, waterpasses, rams with gold horns, turkey, roosters, deer and, of course, young people, scrocers, baryni.
Educator: Let's find out how to get a toy?
(Children watch the video on an interactive board, the tutor parallel tells).
A lot of work should be investing that the toy becomes such an elegant. It is born three times. The first time it is born when it is made of red clay. Figures are made in parts, individual parts are collected and flying, using liquid red clay as a binding material. Footprints smooth to give the product to a flat and neat surface. The chamber must be burned so that it becomes durable. There is a strong heat toy, and when it cools, the clay becomes a call and strong. So the toy is born a second time. There is a test of fire. And when is the third time born?
Children: For the third time the toy is born when her whites and paint paint.
Educator: Then her whites with chalk, diluted milk, and paint. Sometimes on top of the pattern stuck pieces of gravestone gold, giving even greater elegacity toy. So it is born for the third time. Crash bright, elegant toys are sold at the fair. Press the toy, from modeling and to painting - process Unique and creative, never repeated. There is no two absolutely identical products. Each toy is unique, the only one is unique.
Educator: I suggest you become real folk masters and paint the stenkov toys.
