One of the main themes in Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" is the theme of honor and duty. This topic is already set by the epigraph to the work - the Russian proverb "Take care of honor from a young age." The father gives the same farewell to Petrusha Grinev, seeing his son off for military service.
And the very act of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who, instead of Petersburg, sends his son to a "deaf and distant side" so that Petrusha becomes a real officer, characterizes him as a man of honor and duty. The Grinevs are an old noble family. Pushkin emphasizes the severity of Andrei Petrovich's morals, his wisdom, self-esteem.
It is characteristic that the concept of "honor and duty" in the story is ambiguous. In the story of Petrusha Grinev's acquaintance with Zurin, when a young man lost a hundred rubles to his new acquaintance, we are talking about noble honor. Petrusha's money was kept by Savelich, and young man I had to quarrel with my uncle in order to get the right amount. Amazed by the magnitude of this amount, Savelich tries to dissuade Grinev from paying the debt. "You are my light! listen to me, old man: write to this robber that you were joking, that we don’t even have such money, ”he persuades his pupil. However, Grinev cannot but pay the billiard debt - for him it is a matter of noble honor.
The theme of honor is also realized in the history of Grinev's relationship with Masha Mironova. Defending the honor of his beloved girl, the hero challenges his rival, Shvabrin, to a duel. However, the intervention of the commandant prevented the duel, and only then did it resume. Here we are talking about the honor of the lady, about the duty to her.
Having fallen in love with the daughter of Captain Mironov, Grinev feels responsible for her fate. He sees his duty in protecting and protecting the girl he loves. When Masha becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin, Grinev is ready to do anything to free her. Not finding support from the official authorities, he turns to Pugachev for help. And Pugachev helps young people despite the fact that Masha is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, the daughter of an officer in the enemy troops. Here, along with the theme of knightly honor, the motive of male honor arises. Rescuing Masha, his bride, from the captivity of Shvabrin, Grinev simultaneously defends his masculine honor.
After the arrest, Grinev was put on trial. However, defending himself, the hero could not reveal the true state of things, as he was afraid to involve Masha Mironova in this story. “It occurred to me that if I name her, the commission will require her to answer; and the thought of entangling her name between the vile tales of villains and bringing her herself to face-to-face confrontation with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and became confused. Grinev prefers to suffer an undeserved punishment rather than offend the good name of Marya Ivanovna. Thus, in relation to Masha, the hero behaves like a true knight protecting his lady.
Another meaning of the concept of "honor and duty" in the story is military honor, loyalty to the oath, loyalty to the duty to the Fatherland. This theme is also embodied in the history of Grinev's relationship with Pugachev. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev saved the hero from death penalty pardoned him. However, Grinev cannot recognize him as a sovereign, as he understands who he really is. “I was again taken to the impostor and put on my knees before him. Pugachev held out his sinewy hand to me. “Kiss the hand, kiss the hand!” they said around me. But I would prefer the most cruel execution to such a mean humiliation,” Grinev recalls. However, this time everything worked out: Pugachev only joked that the young man was “stupid with joy,” let him go.
However, further drama and tension in the story increase. Pugachev asks Grinev whether he recognizes his "sovereign", whether he promises to serve him. The position of the young man is very ambiguous: he cannot recognize the impostor as sovereign, and, at the same time, he does not want to expose himself to useless risks. Grinev hesitates, but the sense of duty triumphs "over human weakness." He overcomes his own cowardice and frankly admits to Pugachev that he cannot consider him a sovereign. A young officer cannot even serve an impostor: Grinev is a natural nobleman who swore allegiance to the Empress.
Further, the situation becomes even more dramatic. Pugachev is trying to get a promise from Grinev not to oppose the rebels. But the hero cannot promise him this either: he is obliged to obey the requirements of military duty, to obey the order. However, this time Pugachev's soul softened - he let the young man go.
The theme of honor and duty is embodied in other episodes of the story. Here Ivan Kuzmich Mironov refuses to recognize the impostor as sovereign. Despite being wounded, he fulfills his duty as the commandant of the fortress to the end. He prefers to die than betray his military duty. Ivan Ignatich, a garrison lieutenant who refused to swear allegiance to Pugachev, also dies heroically.
Thus, the theme of honor and duty receives the most diverse embodiment in Pushkin's story. This is the honor of the nobility, the honor of knighthood and the honor of a lady, a man's honor, military honor, a human duty. All these motifs, merging together, form a semantic polyphony in the plot of the story.
Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor and morality in their works. It seems to me that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature. Honor occupies the first place among moral symbols. One can go through many troubles and hardships, but, probably, not a single people on earth will reconcile themselves to the decay of morality. The loss of honor is the fall of moral principles, which is always followed by punishment. The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. So, on the example of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" one can clearly see how this happens in life and what results it leads to.
The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, is brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high worldly morality. Grinev, as it were, combined the kind, loving heart of his mother with honesty, directness, courage - qualities that are inherent in his father. Andrei Petrovich Grinev has a negative attitude towards easy, but dishonorable ways to make a career at court. That is why he did not want to send his son Petrusha to serve in St. Petersburg, in the guard: “What can he learn while serving in St. Petersburg? To wind and hang out? Andrey Petrovich says to his wife. “No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a shamaton.” In parting words to his son, Grinev especially emphasizes the need for honor: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear an oath, obey your superiors; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not dissuade from the service and remember the proverb: take care of the dress again, and honor from youth. This parting word from his father remains with Grinev for life and helps Petrusha not to stray from the right path.
A great influence on Grinev since childhood has been exerted by his faithful servant, but at the same time, his friend, Savelich. Savelich considers it his duty to serve Petrusha and be devoted to him from beginning to end. His devotion to his masters is far from being a slave. In childhood, Petrusha Savelich not only teaches him to write and judge the merits of a greyhound male, but he also gives Grinev important advice that helped Petrush Grinev in the future. With such words, for example, the old servant of his ward Pyotr Grinev, who got drunk for the first time and behaved unsightly, brings up: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about the mother ... ". So, Grinev's father and his faithful servant Savelich, brought up in Peter from childhood a nobleman who does not consider it possible for himself to change his oath and go over to the side of enemies, for his own good.
The first time Pyotr Grinev acted honorably, returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed. It would seem such a trifle, but it is with such trifles that everything begins.
A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. For example, Pyotr Grinev, despite Savelich's dissatisfaction, thanked the tramp for his service by giving him a hare sheepskin coat. This act saved both of their lives in the future. This episode, as it were, says that fate itself preserves a person who lives by honor. But, of course, it's not about fate, but simply on earth there are more people who remember good than evil, which means that a noble person has more chances for worldly happiness.
Moral trials awaited Grinev in the Belgorod fortress, where he served. There Peter met the daughter of the chief Mironov. Because of Masha, Peter quarreled with his vile comrade Shvabrin, who, as it turned out later, wooed her, but was refused. Not wanting someone to defame Masha's good name with impunity, Grinev challenges the offender to a duel. He acted like a real man.
Shvabrin is the exact opposite of Grinev. He is a selfish and ungrateful person. For the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonorable act. It shows up in everything. Even during a duel, he did not hesitate to take advantage of a dishonorable situation to strike. The duel almost ended with the death of Grinev due to the meanness of Shvabrin, if not for Savelich. When Savelyich found out about Grinev's duel with Shvabrin, he rushed to the place of the duel with the intention of protecting his master. “God sees, I ran to shield you with my chest from the sword of Alexei Ivanovich.” However, Grinev not only did not thank the old man, but also accused him of denouncing his parents. Although having recovered, Grinev found out that it was Shvabrin who had once been his best friend, wrote a denunciation of him to Grinev, his father. No wonder they say: "Never talk bad about yourself, friends will tell everything themselves." Naturally, this aroused in Peter hatred for his enemy. Grinev's righteous anger is close and understandable to me. After all, Shvabrin was always a "stone" in the way of Grinev. However, fate did not deprive Shvabrin of his attention for his sins. He got what he deserved. Shvabrin will join Pugachev, and he will be condemned as an officer who has taken the oath.
It seems to me that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wanted to show that external culture has little effect on the formation of a person's personality and character. After all, Shvabrin was more educated than Grinev. He read French novels, the elements He was a smart conversationalist. Shvabrin even addicted Grinev to reading. Apparently decisive is the family in which a person is brought up.
In the life of every person there is an intersection of two roads, and at the crossroads there is a stone with the inscription: “If you walk through life with honor, you will die. If you go against honor, you will live.” It was in front of this stone that the inhabitants of the fortress were now standing, including Grinev and Shvabrin. During the Pugachev rebellion, especially manifested moral qualities some heroes of the story and the baseness of the feelings of others.
I learned that Captain Mironov and his wife preferred death, but did not surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Honor and duty in their understanding is above all. The concept of honor and duty for the Mironovs does not go beyond the charter, but you can always rely on such people. They are right in their own way. Mironov is characterized by a sense of loyalty to duty, word, oath. He is not capable of treason and betrayal for the sake of his own well-being; he will accept death, but he will not change, he will not deviate from the performance of the service. His courage, fidelity to duty and oath, his moral value and deep humanity are features of a true Russian character. Vasilisa Yegorovna was of the same opinion as her husband. Masha's mother was an exemplary wife who understood her husband well and tried to help him in every possible way. In my memory, she remained so to the last.
Shvabrin was filled with indifference and contempt for the common people and honest small-serving people, for Mironov, who was fulfilling his duty and morally superior to Shvabrin. The sense of honor in Shvabrino was very poorly developed. Shvabrin, as expected, went over to the side of Pugachev, but did it not out of ideological convictions: he expected to save his life, hoped, if Pugachev succeeded, to make a career with him, and most importantly, he wanted, having dealt with his enemy, to forcefully marry Masha who didn't love him. Shvabrin did not understand what honor and duty are. Maybe deep down he knew that such noble feelings existed, but they were not inherent in him. In extreme situations, he first of all wanted to survive, even if through humiliation.
As for Grinev, it is quite clear that he preferred death. After all, having sworn allegiance to Pugachev, the murderer of Masha's parents, Petrusha became an accomplice in the crime. Kissing Pugachev's hand meant betraying all life's ideals, betraying honor. Grinev could not violate the moral code and live the vile life of a traitor. It was better to die, but to die a hero. Peter still did not kiss Pugachev's hand. If it were not for Savelich's intervention at the time of the trial and oath, Grinev would have been hanged. Here is how Grinev himself spoke about this scene: “Suddenly I heard a cry: “Wait, damned! Wait!” The executioners stopped. I look: Savelich lies at the feet of Pugachev. “Dear father! - said the poor uncle - What do you care about the death of a master's child? Let him go; for him they will give you a ransom; but for the sake of example and fear, they ordered me to hang at least the old man! Pugachev gave a sign, and they immediately untied me and left me. I think that in this episode Savelich accomplished a real feat. He always bothered and took care of his "master", but Grinev did not take this into account, as if everything was as it should be, and meanwhile Savelich saved his life for the second time. This is what it meant for Savelich to be truly devoted and to fulfill his duty.
It seems to me that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of gratitude for the old service. Although Pugachev and Grinev had been quits for a long time: Pugachev drove Grinev home, and he gave him a rabbit sheepskin coat in gratitude. Pugachev equally, it seemed to me, appreciated the man of honor in Grinev. The leader of the popular uprising himself set himself noble goals - the liberation of serfs and the struggle for their personal independence, so Pugachev was not alien to the concepts of honor.
At the feast between Pugachev and Grinev there is a verbal duel. But unexpectedly for both of them, a warrior wakes up in Grinev, a child. He stands with dignity for his ideals, his honor before Russia and is ready to accept death. But at the same time, a man wakes up in Pugachev the robber. He begins to understand Petrusha: “But he is right! He is a man of honor. It does not matter that he is still young, and most importantly, he does not evaluate life like a child! It was at this stage that Pugachev and Grinev find a common language. Their souls, as it were, merged into a single whole and were mutually enriched.
Grinev's morality even influenced Pugachev himself. The ataman told the officer a fairy tale he heard from an old Kalmyk woman, in which it was said that it is better to drink blood once than to eat carrion for three hundred years. Of course, the fairy eagle and the raven were arguing at the moment, solving a purely human problem at the moment. Discussing this tale, Pugachev and Grinev express their position in life. Pugachev has no choice, he cannot live otherwise, for him rebellion is the meaning of life, for Grinev, “to live by murder and robbery means, for me, pecking at carrion.” The characters do not agree on the basis of life, and yet they are friendly to each other. After their conversation, Pugachev then plunges into deep thought. So, in the depths of his soul, Pugachev had noble roots.
When Pugachev freed Masha Mironova, he invited Grinev to get married right there, and he himself wanted to be his imprisoned father. However, Grinev politely refused, and Pugachev managed to understand him and let him go. This episode reveals the amazing humanity of Pugachev's morality. When he learned that two young people loved each other, he sought to contribute to their happiness. Love? Then unite, get married, be happy: “Take your beauty; take her wherever you want, and God give you love and advice!
Here, too, Shvabrin turned out to be powerless in carrying out his insidious and selfish plans. Pugachev not only did not support Shvabrin, but also clearly let him know that he was dishonest and therefore Grinev was not a competitor.
It would seem that the connection with the rebellious ataman would be fatal for Grinev. He is indeed arrested on a denunciation. He faces the death penalty, but Grinev decides for reasons of honor not to name his beloved. If he had told the whole truth about such a situation, he would certainly have been acquitted. But at the very last moment, justice prevailed. Masha herself asks for a pardon for Grinev to a lady close to the Empress. In trouble, Masha discovered such spiritual depths, which at the beginning of the story I could not have imagined in a young girl who blushed every time she mentioned her name. It would seem that Masha is so weak. But, having decided that she will never marry the vile Shvabrin in her life, she gains courage and, for the sake of her lover, goes all the way to the Empress herself in order to defend her love. These are her principles, which she will not compromise. The lady takes the poor girl at her word. This fact suggests that in a society where the majority of people live in honor, justice is always easier to prevail. The lady turns out to be the Empress herself, and the fate of her beloved Masha is decided for the better.
Grinev remains a man of honor to the end. He was present at the execution of Pugachev, to whom he owed his happiness. Pugachev recognized him and nodded from the scaffold. Pyotr Grinev showed himself from the very beginning in all the trials that fell to his lot from the very best side. In all his actions, he was guided by his convictions, without changing the oath and the concept of honor and morality.
So, the proverb “take care of honor from a young age” has the meaning of a life talisman that helps to overcome severe life trials.
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Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the protagonist of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter".
While reading the book, we see a series of events that vividly characterize the personality of Pyotr Grinev, allowing us to see the formation and formation of his inner world, views and foundations.
Grinev's character was influenced by his mother's upbringing, he adopted her kindness, sensitivity and even some gentleness. Little Petrusha lived with his father on the estate, where he received the usual, for that time, home education. He was trained first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the French teacher Beaupre. However, the concepts of justice, honor and devotion, he acquired, for the most part, not from his tutors, but in a noisy company of his friends - yard boys.
Peter developed a sense of reverence and respect for his parents. Therefore, when his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, and not in the long-desired Semenovsky regiment, Pyotr Grinev obediently fulfilled his will.
Thus, young Pyotr Andreevich found himself in the Belogorsk fortress, where instead of the full brilliance of Petersburg life, village silence awaited him behind a log fence. But Grinev did not have to be upset for long. Unexpectedly for himself, he finds here a simple charm in communicating with kind, unpretentious people living in the fortress. It is in conversations with them that they finally grow stronger and form best qualities Peter Grinev.
To such a young and open person like Grinev, a high feeling could not help but come. Pyotr Andreevich fell in love with Masha Mironova, the lovely daughter of the commandant of the fortress. The subsequent duel with Shvabrin, who insulted Masha, ends with Grinev's injury and a ban on the marriage of lovers from the hero's father.
Lyrical events in the life of Peter Andreevich are interrupted by the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev. At this time, such qualities of Pyotr Grinev as honesty, straightforwardness and nobility, which used to seem like an unnecessary burden, now help to save the life of not only himself, but also Masha. The courage and courage of Grinev make an indelible impression on Pugachev, causing sincere, genuine respect.
Everything that Grinev experienced made him think more and more about the meaning of human life, allowed him to grow up. Throughout the story, we see the continuous development and growth of Peter Grinev. From a frivolous boy, Grinev imperceptibly grows into a self-affirming, looking for the meaning of existence, a young man, and, in the end, a brave, determined and mature man appears before us.
I think that the heightened sense of justice that the author put into the image of his hero seems so sincere only because the nobility and defense of honor were very important for Pushkin himself. As well as his character, Alexander Sergeevich, subsequently defended the honor of his wife, challenging the offender to a duel. Therefore, the straightforwardness and inner dignity of Grinev does not seem to be a literary exaggeration. This is the quality of a real, adult person.
More essays on the topic: "The Captain's Daughter"
Pyotr Andreevich Grinev main character novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".
Peter lived on his father's estate and received the usual home education. He was brought up first by the stirrup Savelich, and then by the Frenchman Beaupre, and in free time Peter spent with the yard boys.
Peter honored his parents and respected their wishes. When his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg, Peter did not dare to disobey, although he really wanted to serve in St. Petersburg. Before the dear father ordered Peter to serve faithfully and remember the proverb: "take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Grinev remembered well the words of his father and faithfully served the empress.
Pyotr Grinev is very noble and honest. Having lost a hundred rubles to Zurin, he forces Savelich to repay the debt, considering it a debt of honor. And when Shvabrin insulted Masha, Peter did not hesitate to challenge him to a duel.
Grinev showed himself to be a brave, courageous and courageous person. When talking with Emelyan Pugachev, he did not lie to him, but directly said that he would not go over to his side, and if ordered, he would fight against Emelyan's gang. Peter was not afraid to go to save Masha from Shvabrin, although he knew that he could be caught and killed. He risked his life making his way into the fortress, showed courage and ingenuity.
Grinev's kindness and generosity were very useful to him, because Pugachev remembered the gift and that was the only reason he pardoned him.
In the story, Pyotr Grinev is shown in development: first, a frivolous boy, then a self-affirming young man, and finally, an adult and determined man.
Source: sdamna5.ru
Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the story. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: "I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position." He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelch).
Grinev's Duma has not yet hardened in military service, he kept some of them until the end of his life. He shuddered at the sight of the mutilated Bashkir, captured while distributing Pugachev's leaflets. The singing of the Pugachevtsy makes a strong impression on him: “It is impossible to tell what effect this simple song about the gallows, sung by people doomed to the gallows, had on me. Their formidable faces, slender voices, the dull expression that they gave to words that were already expressive - everything shook me with some kind of poetic horror.
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.
Source: litra.ru
Peter Grinev - the main thing actor story by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The reader passes through the entire life path the main character, the formation of his personality, his attitude to the ongoing events, of which he is a participant, is revealed.
The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of the life of the Grinev family developed softness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semyonovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but his dreams of life in St. Petersburg are not destined to come true - his father decides to send his son to Orenburg.
And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions, there is a village surrounded by a log fence, with thatched huts. Instead of a strict, angry boss, there is a commandant who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown; Instead of a brave army, there are elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old cannon clogged with garbage. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young man the beauty of the life of simple kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. Not military service, not reviews and parades attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, simple people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the “God-saved fortress”, in the atmosphere of a patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev grow stronger. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Faith in her feelings, sincerity and honesty caused a duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During the recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.
The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. An honest, decent, noble man turned out to be the son of a retired major, who was not afraid of the formidable appearance of the leader of the "gang of bandits and rebels", dared to stand up for his beloved girl, who had become an orphan in one day. Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, Grinev's humanity and kindness allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, the rebel, the enemy.
Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Peter Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.
Source: answer.mail.ru
The story "The Captain's Daughter" is a unique and interesting work by A. S. Pushkin, in which the author describes pure and sincere love that suddenly flared up and warms the heart throughout the story.
Pyotr Grinev is the main character of the work. This is an honest, noble and kind person who was raised by his father.
Andrei Petrovich Grinev is a former military man with an open heart and a sincere soul. He does not want to be dependent on others and "beg for" ranks. That is why his service ended quickly. He devoted himself entirely to raising his son and raised a noble man
Adult Petya dreamed of a bright and interesting service in St. Petersburg, but a strict father chose a worthy place for him and sent him to serve near Orenburg. At parting, Andrei Petrovich said: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Peter carried these cherished words throughout his life.
In Orenburg, young Grinev met his true love- modest and shy girl Masha Mironova. main character In the story, she lived in the family of the commandant, a brave and correct man, a loyal subject of Empress Catherine II.
The character of the father and the nobility of the nobleman with age are manifested in Pyotr Andreevich more and more. I was especially impressed by the duel between Grinev and Shvabrin, an evil and mean coeval of Peter. Shvabrin publicly insulted Masha, and Grinev defended the honor of the girl. As a result, Peter was wounded, and Shvabrin emerged victorious, but what! This unfortunate coward struck from behind.
In the story "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is one of the most vivid and memorable. This guy is not distinguished by a dodgy mind and heroic strength, but he is open, sincere and naive. It is these qualities that make readers especially sympathetic. He does not hypocrite and does not pretend, even being on the verge of death. This is the expression of strength of character and true nobility.
Source: sochinenienatemu.com
Narration in "The Captain's Daughter" by Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who talks about his youth, plunged into the cycle of historical events. Grinev appears in the novel, therefore, both as a narrator and as one of the main characters of the events described.
Petr Andreevich Grinev is a typical representative of the provincial Russian nobility of the second half of the 18th century. He was born and raised on the estate of his father, a landowner in the Simbirsk province. His childhood passed as it did for most of the poor provincial nobles of that time. From the age of five, he was given into the hands of a serf uncle Savelich. Having overcome the letter in the twelfth year under the guidance of his uncle, Grinev comes under the supervision of Monsieur Beaupre, a French tutor, discharged from Moscow "along with a year's supply of wine and Provence oil" and who turned out to be a bitter drunkard.
Describing his student years with good-natured humor, Grinev says: "I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys." It would be a mistake, however, to think that we have before us a minor like Mitrofanushka from Fonvizin's comedy. Grinev grew up as an intelligent and inquisitive teenager and subsequently, having entered the service, writes poetry, reads French books and tries his hand even in translations.
A decisive influence on Grinev's spiritual warehouse had a healthy atmosphere of family life, simple and modest. Grinev's father, a retired prime minister who had gone through a harsh school of life, was a man of firm and honest views. Seeing off his son to the army, he gives such instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; do not ask for service, do not refuse service; do not chase after the caress of the boss; take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age. Grinev inherited a sense of honor and a sense of duty from his father.
The first life steps of young Grinev reveal his youthful frivolity and inexperience. But the young man proved with his life that he had learned the basic rule of his father's morality: "take care of honor from a young age." For two years, Grinev experiences many events: acquaintance with Pugachev, love for Marya Ivanovna, duel with Shvabrin, illness; he almost dies when the fortress is taken by the troops of Pugachev, etc. Before our eyes, the character of the young man develops and grows stronger, and Grinev turns into a mature young man. A sense of honor and courage save him in life's adversity. With intrepid courage, he looks into the eyes of death when Pugachev orders him to be hanged. All the positive aspects of his character are revealed: simplicity and not depravity of nature, kindness, honesty, fidelity in love, etc. These properties of nature captivate Marya Ivanovna and arouse sympathy from Pugachev. Grinev comes out of life's trials with honor.
Grinev is not a hero in the usual sense of the word. This is an ordinary person, an average nobleman. This is a typical representative of those army officers who, in the words of the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky, “made our military history XVIII century". Pushkin does not idealize him, does not put him in beautiful poses. Grinev remains a modest ordinary person, retaining all the features of a realistic image.
Source: biblioman.org
Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but the censorship would hardly have let him through. Therefore, the main storyline of the story is the service of a young nobleman for the good of the fatherland and his love for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorod fortress. In parallel, another topic of Pugachevism that interested the author is given. The second topic, of course, Pushkin devotes much less pages, but enough to reveal the essence of the peasant revolt and acquaint the reader with the leader of the peasants, Emelyan Pugachev. In order for his image to be more reliable, the author needed a hero who personally knew Pugachev and would subsequently speak out about what he saw. Such a hero was Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman, an honest, noble young man. A nobleman was needed, and precisely a noble one, in order to make what he told look plausible and be believed.
The childhood of Petrusha Grinev was no different from the childhood of other children of the local nobles. Through the mouth of the hero himself, Pushkin ironically speaks of the customs of the old local nobility: “Mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant ... If, more than any expectation, mother gave birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the sergeant who had not appeared, and that would be the end of the matter."
The author also makes fun of Pyotr Grinev's studies: at the age of five, Savelich was assigned to the boy as an uncle - a courtyard man, to whom such trust was given "for sober behavior." Thanks to Savelich, Petrusha learned to read and write by the age of twelve and "could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." The next step in the training was the Frenchman Monsieur Beaupre, who was supposed to teach the boy "all sciences," discharged from Moscow "together with a year's supply of wine and Provence oil." However, due to the fact that the Frenchman was very fond of wine and the fair sex, Petrusha was left to his own devices. When the son reaches the age of seventeen, the father, filled with a sense of duty, sends Peter to serve for the good of the motherland.
Descriptions of the independent life of Pyotr Grinev are already devoid of irony. From the young man left to himself and to the simple Russian peasant Savelich, a noble nobleman turned out. Having lost at cards due to inexperience, Peter never succumbed to Savelich's persuasion to fall at the feet of the winner with a request to forgive the debt. He is guided by honor: lost - give it back. The young man understands that he must be responsible for his actions.
The meeting with the “counselor” reveals in Pyotr Grinev such a purely Russian quality as generosity. Finding themselves in the steppe during a blizzard, Grinev and Savelich accidentally stumbled upon a man who knew the way. Then, already at the inn, Pyotr Grinev really wanted to thank this stranger. And he offered him his hare coat, which, according to Savelich, cost a lot of money. At first glance, Grinev's act is a manifestation of youthful carelessness, but in fact it is a manifestation of the nobility of the soul, compassion for man.
Arriving at the service in the Belogorod fortress, Pyotr Grinev fell in love with the daughter of the captain of the fortress, Masha Mironova. Nobility and honor do not allow him to ignore the slander directed at his beloved by another nobleman, Alexei Shvabrin. The result of this is a duel that could cost Peter Grinev his life.
It is not in vain that the author introduces into the story the clever, well-read and at the same time vile and dishonorable Shvabrin, and also a nobleman. Comparing two young officers, Pushkin argues that high morality is not the lot of people of a separate class, and even more so, it has nothing to do with education: nobles can be scoundrels, and nobility can be a hallmark of a simple person, Pugachev for example.
The possibility of execution did not force the Pushkin hero to change the ideals of morality. He does not go into the enemy camp to save his life, he learned all too well.
the words spoken by the father as parting words: "Take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Honest Grinev and in a conversation with Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” Moreover, to Pugachev’s question whether Grinev could promise not to go against him if ordered, the young man answered with the same sincerity and directness: “How can I promise you this ... You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go , nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse the service when my service is needed?
Grinev's sincerity struck Pugachev. Imbued with respect for the young man, he lets him go. Pugachev's conversation with Grinev is very important. On the one hand, he shows the nobility of a nobleman, on the other hand, the same quality of his opponent: only an equal can appreciate another person.
All the same nobility, as well as love and tender affection, do not allow Grinev to name Masha Mironova at the trial, and this could explain a lot in the story with Pugachev, save him from imprisonment.
The events in the story are presented on behalf of Grinev, who, many years later, talks about two years of his life, about a meeting with Pugachev. The narrator strives to tell everything without exaggeration, objectively. Pugachev in his eyes does not look like a real beast. And we believe him, we cannot but believe: we know this man too well - noble, honest, just. And we think: who is this Pugachev really and what is it - Pugachevism?
The love of Eugene Onegin and Tatyana Larina is tragic in many ways. Onegin did not take seriously the recognition of the heroine in love, and only a few years later he spoke about his feelings. But by that time Tatyana was already married. The heroine still loved Onegin. It would seem that she waited for reciprocity. But Tatyana Larina is a faithful and devoted wife. She acted according to, remaining faithful to her husband, whom she did not love. Her deed deserves respect.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
Loyalty to one's Motherland is the moral principle of Pyotr Grinev. When Pugachev captured the Belogorsk fortress, the hero had a choice: go over to the side of the enemy, recognizing the sovereign in Pugachev, and save his life or die without betraying his country. Petr Grinev chose the second option. He was ready to give his life, but to keep his dignity. The act of the hero is an example of true loyalty to one's moral principles, military duty and the Motherland.
N.M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa"
The feelings of Erast and Lisa were sincere. But, when the girl gave herself to Erast, the feelings began to fade. Lisa is a faithful, devoted girl who knows how to truly love. But Erast was different. He betrayed Lisa. After losing his money, he married a rich widow, and Lisa said that he was leaving for the war. The girl could not survive: not seeing the point in living, she threw herself into the pond.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Natasha Rostova wanted to run away with Anatole Kuragin, although she had a fiancé - Andrei Bolkonsky. The girl was ready for treason because of her inexperience, youth and gullibility. This act does not make her a terrible person. What happened brought Natasha Rostova a lot of torment, she realized the fallacy of her act. Remaining faithful to her lover was a test for the girl.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
Taras Bulba is a man true to his word, to his state. He does not tolerate betrayal, boldly fights with enemies. Andriy, his youngest son, betrays the Cossacks. The concept of fidelity for Taras Bulba is more important than family ties. He kills his son, not wanting to come to terms with his act. The outlook of Taras Bulba is an example of fidelity to one's moral principles, one's Motherland, one's comrades.
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" was created by A.S. It is no coincidence that Pushkin embodies the national Russian character along with Captain Mironov, Pugachev's entourage. Let's try to remember what this faithful and devoted servant of the Grinev family was like.
Savelich's portrait
As you probably remember, Savelich is a servant of Petrusha Grinev, whom his father assigned to him. It should be noted that he is at least not stupid, while being infinitely devoted to his master. Savelich was brought up to serve the master, he does not know how to live differently.
This middle-aged man has a serious responsibility, because he, as a faithful and devoted servant, is responsible for Pyotr Grinev to his parents. Savelich has almost paternal feelings for his pupil. He endlessly cares about him, worries about the young master.
Let us consider in more detail the image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter". An essay on this topic cannot do without words about the devotion and loyalty of the old servant to the masters.
Detailed acquaintance
A more detailed story about Savelich begins from the moment Petrusha Grinev leaves his father's house.
Much about the character of this man tells the case when Grinev gets drunk and loses money. Savelich does not consider it necessary to pay the debt, but the young master forces him to do this and, without hesitation, reprimands the devoted elderly servant that his duty is to obey and fulfill the master's will.
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" according to the plan and plan of Pushkin is a portrait of a serf, devoted to the masters, typical of that time. Surprisingly, for the whole story, this faithful servant does not hear a word of gratitude from the young master, and, characteristically, he does not have the slightest resentment. Savelich cannot even imagine that any other attitude is possible towards a person of his origin.
Willingness to sacrifice life for the sake of the pupil
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is revealed even more fully when the life of Pyotr Grinev is in danger. The old servant was ready to die himself at the hands of Shvabrin, shielding the young master with his chest. In gratitude, he receives only accusations of denunciation to his parents. Petrusha's father, for his part, blames the old man for not reporting the duel. Young Grinev in such a situation does not consider it necessary to intercede for this person devoted to him.
Savelich and Pugachev
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter", an essay about this character cannot ignore such a vivid episode, is revealed in its entirety when the old servant throws himself at the feet of Emelyan Pugachev. He begs the impostor to save his young master from the gallows and is ready to take his place himself. His own life, it seems, is not at all dear to him. Alas, Petrusha Grinev takes for granted even such an act by Savelich. The servant, in turn, is also not surprised at such coldness and indifference on the part of the master.
The image of the people in "The Captain's Daughter"
The image of the people is presented in the novel from the negative side. Companions, for example, are able to steal, are cruel to the nobility, are ready to betray their leader, which he does not doubt.
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is the personification of the most attractive features of the Russian character, which is distinguished by directness, loyalty, readiness for self-sacrifice.
Three more characters personifying the people are Captain Mironov, his wife and daughter. They are simple-hearted, kind, cordial, hospitable. The behavior of the head of the family, Ivan Kuzmich, is dictated by a sense of duty to the Fatherland.
The image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" embodies those positive folk traits that are inherent in the best representatives of the peasant class. He resignedly serves, his devotion to the Grinev family knows no bounds, but he never hears a word of gratitude, as a rule, he gets insults and abuse.
Savelich, as well as used to unquestioningly follow orders. For an elderly servant, the orders of the master come first, for Mironov - the orders of the government. Such people will never resist the authorities, this is how their grandfathers and great-grandfathers lived, only this way of life seems to them the only possible one.
So, the image of Savelich in the story "The Captain's Daughter" is surprisingly vividly presented. Summary the works will hardly help us to form a complete impression of this devoted servant, and we will surely be able to read only a few lengthy phrases about him.
The image of Savelich, despite his minor character, is remembered surprisingly well. He is smart and savvy, loyal and honest. This is a courtyard who has truly paternal feelings for the young master and will readily give his own life for him. Thanks to this character, A.S. Pushkin reveals dramatic fate a simple Russian peasant in autocratic Russia, who is ready for anything for the sake of the masters and does not expect gratitude. Kindness, intelligence, humility, selflessness Savelich make this hero loved by many readers.
