Competent, clear, pure and rhythmic speech of a child is not a gift, it is acquired through the joint efforts of parents, teachers and many other people, surrounded by whom the baby grows and develops.First of all, such speech is characterized by the correct pronunciation of sounds, which, in turn, is ensured by good mobility and differentiated work of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Articulation gymnastics helps to develop clear and coordinated movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. A set of exercises is offered to the attention of parents, with the help of which you can help your child pronounce the sound [l] correctly.
k[L]assnaya cog[L]asnaya
At an early age, the child's imitative abilities are extremely great, he easily and naturally learns a huge number of new words, learns to pronounce the words he likes with pleasure, and strives to use them more often in speech. However, his articulation capabilities are not yet perfect, phonemic hearing develops gradually, so the correct pronunciation of complex sounds will remain inaccessible to the child for a long time.
Some exercises a child can master in one or two lessons, others are given to him not immediately. Perhaps the development of a certain articulation pattern will require many repetitions. Sometimes failure causes a child to refuse further work. In this case, do not focus on what is not working. Encourage him, return to a simpler, already worked out material, reminding him that once this exercise also did not work.
Rules and nuances
To make it more interesting for the child, invite him to become a teacher, educator: take the child’s favorite toy (doll, bear) and let them perform articulation exercises, pronounce sounds and syllables, repeat words and tongue twisters.
It is necessary to carry out articulation gymnastics daily so that the motor skills developed in children are consolidated and become more durable.
Direct work on the development of articulatory motor skills should take at least 5 minutes, and the entire lesson should take 10-12 minutes. Do the exercises yourself in front of a mirror.
Doing articulation exercises is a difficult job for a child. Praise and encouragement will give the baby self-confidence and help to quickly master this or that movement, and therefore, quickly master the correct pronunciation of speech sounds.
Sound [l]
For the correct pronunciation of the sound, it is necessary to develop: lifting the tip of the tongue up, lifting the back of the back of the tongue up.
We call sound. Bare your teeth in a "smile" and bite your wide tongue without sticking it out too much or straining. Do not make the tongue narrow, otherwise the sound will soften. Biting the tongue, at the same time we pronounce the sound [a], getting - la-la-la, then we slow down and start just buzzing: “l-l-l” (without the vowel “a”). Make sure that the corners of the mouth are stretched in a “smile”: warm air comes out through them.
Sometimes, under tension, the child cannot turn on the vocal folds when pronouncing the open syllable “la-la-la”. In this case, you can start with the vowel "A" - "a-la-la", "a-la-la". A wide tongue constantly lies on the lower teeth without tension. If a child can hold out the sound [l] for a long time, then it means that he succeeds in it and it is possible to consolidate it.
Fixing the sound. To consolidate the sound [l], [l "] in speech, you can use the game "Wonderful bag" or a variant of the game "What is hiding under the tablecloth?" The child must by touch determine which object lies in the bag or under the tablecloth. such that the desired sound in the words-names was in a different position: at the beginning of the word, in the middle, at the end.
To consolidate the sounds, use the ability of four-year-old children to easily memorize verses. Read the poems of Marshak, Barto, Zakhoder and other children's authors to children, ask the child to finish the last word in the line, the last line in the poem, then the quatrain, then the whole poem.
The exercise
Find pictures in the names of which the sound [l] is at the beginning of the word: paw, lamp, shovel, lotto, bow, moon; middle: saw, blanket, doll, clown; and at the end: table, floor, woodpecker. Then come up with sentences with these words, for example: Mila put the lamp on the table.
Sound [l "]
After automation [l] hard, soft sound is easy to imitate. In front of the mirror, say the syllables: "li-li-li", while the lips are in a smile, the upper and lower teeth are visible, and the tip of the tongue knocks on the tubercles behind the upper teeth.
Disadvantages of pronunciation of sounds [l], [l "] are called lambdacisms. Lambdacisms include the absence of sound [l] and its distortion (interdental, nasal or bilabial sound, etc.).
Since the articulation of a hard sound [l] is more difficult than the articulation of a soft one, it is most often violated.
Replacing the sounds [l], [l "] with other sounds is called paralambdacism.
The reasons leading to the incorrect pronunciation of the sound [l]: a shortened hyoid ligament, which limits the upward movement of the tip of the tongue; weakness of the muscles of the tongue; phonemic hearing impairment.
Distortion of sounds [l], [l "]
The sound is pronounced interdentally. The tip of the tongue, instead of rising beyond the upper incisors, comes out between the teeth.
Nasal pronunciation of sound. The tongue touches the back of the soft palate, and not the tip of the upper incisors, as happens with the correct pronunciation of the sound [l]. In this case, the air stream partially or completely passes through the nose. The child’s speech will sound like this: “Mouse of the spring jinga, down in the unggu spanga.”
Replacing the sound [th]. In this disorder, the tip of the tongue stays down instead of rising past the upper incisors, and the middle back arches up instead of down. The child says this: "The mouse is happier, down in the coal junction."
Sound replacement [y]. With this violation, the lips, not the tongue, take an active part in the formation of sound. With this substitution, the child’s speech sounds like this: “Mouse veseuo zhiua, down in fluff in uguu spaua.”
Sound replacement [s]. With this violation, the back of the back of the tongue is raised, and the tip is lowered. Children do not notice that they are replacing the sound, and adults often believe that the sound [l] is skipped. The child says: "The mouse is veseyo zhya, down in the ugu spaya."
Sound replacement [e]. With such a replacement, the tongue does not take part, the lower lip moves to the upper incisors. Children and adults often believe that this is not a lack of speech, but only a slurred pronunciation. With this substitution, we hear: "The mouse is alive, in fluff in the ugvu spava."
Sound replacement [g]. In this case, the tip of the tongue does not rise to the upper incisors, but descends and retracts from the lower incisors, the back of the back of the tongue rises and rests against the soft palate, instead of just rising. The child’s speech sounds like this: “The mouse of the weight is jig, down in the ugg spaga.”
Games to prepare for the pronunciation of the sound [l]
pancake
Purpose: to develop the ability to keep the tongue in a calm, relaxed position.
Smile, open your mouth and put a wide tongue on your lower lip (do not pull your lip over your lower teeth). Hold in this position for a count of 1 to 5-10.
delicious jam
Purpose: to work out the movement of the wide front of the tongue up.
We lick the upper lip with the wide tip of the tongue, making tongue movements from top to bottom, but not from side to side. Do not help with the lower lip.
The steamer is humming
Purpose: to develop a rise in the back and root of the tongue, to strengthen the muscles of the tongue.
With your mouth open, pronounce the sound [s] for a long time. Make sure that the tip of the tongue is at the bottom, deep in the mouth.
Turkey
Purpose: to develop the rise of the tongue, to develop the flexibility and mobility of its front part.
With your mouth open, move the wide tip of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, try not to tear your tongue away from the lip, as if stroking it, gradually speed up the movements until you get the sound [blbl] (like a turkey mumbles).
Swing
Purpose: to develop the ability to quickly change the position of the tongue, to develop the flexibility and accuracy of the movements of the tip of the tongue.
With your mouth open (lips in a smile), put the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and hold in this position for a count of 1 to 5, then lift the wide tip of the tongue for the upper teeth and hold in this position for a count of 1 to 5. So alternately change the position tongue 6 times. Keep your mouth open.
Let's click!
Purpose: to strengthen the tip of the tongue, to develop a lift of the tongue.
With your mouth open, flick the tip of your tongue slowly at first, then faster. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move, only the tongue works. Silently flick the tip of your tongue. Make sure that the tip of the tongue rests on the palate behind the upper teeth, and does not protrude from the mouth.
Pronunciation of syllables with movements
Words in motion
Lamp
Lam - Rotational movement of the hands ("flashlight").
pa - We press the fists to the chest.
Bulb
The light bulb has burnt out. We make flashlights.
She probably got sick. - Tilt your head to your shoulder and bring your folded palms to your cheek.
chitogovorka
La-la-la, la-la-la!
The swallow made a nest.
Lo-lo-lo, lo-lo-lo!
The swallow is warm in the nest.
Patter
Laika and lap dog barked loudly.
The Oriole sang for a long time over the Volga.
Silly baby
Silly baby
Sucked ice
Mom didn't want to listen
That's why she got sick.
Svetlana Ulyanovich-Volkova, Svetlana Murdza, speech therapists.
Instruction
When pronouncing the sound "l" in the above words, clamp the tongue with the tips of the upper and lower incisors, as if biting it. This way you fix the tongue and teach it to the correct position.
Repeat the following phrases slowly and distinctly:
- "Karl stole corals from Clara, and Clara stole the clarinet from Karl";
- "Thirty-three ships were tacking, tacking, tacking, tacking, tacking, tacking, but not catching";
- "Striped mattresses were rinsed by Vlas's daughter, rinsed, rinsed, the river became striped."
Take a piece of text from any classical piece. Read with expression, paying attention to the correct pronunciation of the "l" sound. Let it be a little exaggerated at first, but over time, the language will remember its place well, and you will speak correctly.
Useful advice
All exercises are best done in front of a mirror. So you can visually control yourself.
The period in which children learn to speak is very important both for themselves and for their parents, on whom it largely depends on how correctly the child will pronounce letters and sounds. Often, children have problems with some letters - for example, many babies do not pronounce the letter P, and also have difficulty with whistling and hissing letters. You can help your child understand the correct pronunciation of difficult letters.
Instruction
To perform articulatory gymnastics, seat the child comfortably in front of the mirror and sit next to it, so that it is also reflected in it.
The child must repeat the movement and hold the tip of the tongue on the teeth for 10-15 seconds. After that, he can rest, and then perform the exercise 2-3 more times. With this exercise, the child stretches the hyoid ligament, which helps in the pronunciation of difficult sounds.
An exercise will help correct the pronunciation of the letter P, during which the child should open his mouth wide and tap the tubercles behind the upper teeth with the tip of his tongue with force. Simultaneously with tongue blows, ask the child to pronounce the sound D.
The child should repeat the movement with the sound "d-d-d" for 20 seconds, and then he can rest. This exercise prepares the child for the pronunciation of the letter P - so invite the child to growl after it and portray a lion or a dog, saying "rrrr".
After a while, you will notice improvements in the child's pronunciation.
note
Learning to pronounce certain letters can be very difficult for children. These letters most often include R, L and Sh. The letter R is rightfully considered the most difficult, and in some cases children can learn to pronounce it up to 5 years. If you don't see any improvement in your baby's speech, it's time to think about how to teach your child the letter R.
Useful advice
If you have been diligently working with your child, but attempts to teach him to pronounce the letter P have not achieved the desired effect, then be sure to consult a speech therapist. Firstly, the specialist will be able to accurately identify the reason why the child cannot pronounce this sound. Young children pronounce the letter R in different ways.
Related article
Sources:
- learning to pronounce letters
Many parents are faced with the problem of pronunciation of certain sounds in their children. Speech therapists have developed many special exercises to help the child easily master this or that sound that causes difficulty for him.
Instruction
Start by warming up your lips and tongue. The child must learn to control his articulation apparatus in order to pronounce everything. To prepare for pronouncing the sound "zh", do the following exercises:
1) flatten the tongue, putting it on the lower lip and sticking it out slightly (the tongue is resting, it looks like a pancake)
2) Spread the tongue not on the lip, but on the lower ones and bite the front and side edges of the tongue
3) Imagine that there is jam on the upper lip, and you need to lick it off with the movement of the tongue from top to bottom, towards you.
4) Make a "cup" or "dipper" out of the tongue.
5) Direct a stream of air to some object (cotton ball or piece of paper) so that it moves.
After that, invite the child to blow, holding the tongue in the shape of a "cup" - this way you can call the sound "sh", and the sound "g" is pronounced the same way, but with the participation of the voice.
Say various syllables with your child: ZHA, ZHZHI, ZHO, ZHU, ZHDA, ZHNA, ZHU. Then (it is better to use the appropriate toys or pictures) say various words that have the sound "g": toad, skis, acorn, beetle.
Learn various rhymes with your child to practice the sound "g", for example: A beetle, seeing a crane,
Buzzing: "Where am I?
I'll probably get better
I'll lie down under the magazine!" - Please, can I have a cake?
- Can I have some ice cream, please?
- And what do you want?
- Me a pie,
Jelly, boiled pork and cone with jam!
To distinguish between the sounds "zh" and "z", say the following couplets: I left the HALL,
The shoe SPINED me! At the table you can’t Yawn -
There will be no time to CHEW!
To distinguish between the sounds "zh" and "sh", the child must master, for example, such rhymes: Among the cardboard COVERS
The kitten RYZHIK was sitting. Here is a SPRING from the watch,
Light as a FLUSH. We sewed panties for a hedgehog,
We sew a vest for a bunny,
We sew pajamas for teddy bears.
Maybe sew a jacket for mom?
Useful advice
While practicing one sound with the child, do not pay attention to the pronunciation of other sounds for now, concentrate the child's attention on one.
Sources:
- "I will speak clearly", I. Yu. Sinitsina, 2008
- how to teach children to pronounce the sounds w
No child can speak from birth, and does not begin to speak clearly and without errors, as soon as he learns to put the first words and sentences. Therefore, it is, of course, not worth it to panic prematurely about defects in pronunciation. Although, no doubt, how the child will speak primarily depends on the parents.
Instruction
According to doctors, a child perceives and remembers the sounds of the world around him even before birth, and, having been born, he can already recognize the sounds of his native language. But for the time being, he does not know how to express in words what he wants. The speech apparatus is formed later, and somewhere by the age of 5-6, speech almost does not differ from the speech of an adult. Of course, each child's speech development is different - faster or slower. But in any case, communicate with your baby from the cradle. Let him listen to you - he will definitely repeat various sounds after you, including the letter “l”.
First, teach the child to control the tongue as well, performing various movements with it for proper articulation - let him move his tongue in different directions, lick his lips, touch each tooth with his tongue, stretch his lips in different ways, blow on the ball, etc. These exercises are called “brushing teeth”, “tasty”, “painter”. Turn your activities into a game to keep him interested.
After such a warm-up, let him click his tongue like a “horse”, press his tongue to the sky and in this position open and close his mouth.
Ask the child to hold the tongue between the lips and pronounce the sound "s": as a rule, it turns out "l", as you wanted.
Read and learn rhymes with your baby, where the letter “l” often sounds.
Sit down with your child in front of a mirror and pronounce various sounds, and among them the letter “l”, he will see himself and you, which will make it easier for him to correct his pronunciation mistakes.
If you are still worried about how the baby speaks, you should look for a book for a speech therapist or a book of exercises for practicing pronunciation.
If even at the age of five the child does not pronounce the letter "l", then contact a speech therapist in a children's consultation or, perhaps, in a kindergarten, where speech therapy groups often work. After all, there are certain methods for training the language, and the speech therapist will work with the child and give exercises at home. Be calm and patient, and you will soon forget that the problem of pronunciation existed at all.
When learning language skills, children often distort words. They experience difficulties in the pronunciation of individual sounds. The notorious “rrrr” is known to many, but what if the child changes the letter “l”? The defect is easy to fix. Parents should show the child to a speech therapist - the specialist will establish the cause of the defect and determine the methodology of classes that will help eliminate it.
If there are speech disorders, it is better to show the child to a specialist if possible: he will determine the degree of deviation and help the family cope with it
What causes a defect?
Most of the sounds are perfectly mastered by a child by 4-4.5 years. If you notice that your baby is having difficulty pronouncing a few letters or a single “l” sound, look for reasons. One of the factors may be a speech defect in an adult who is constantly in contact with the baby. The child imitates the speech of mom or dad. Problems in pronunciation have also been observed in children growing up in bilingual families. It is difficult for a child to learn two languages at once, he gets confused, replaces the sounds of one language with the sounds of another. Among the physiological reasons, we note the following:
- violations that have arisen during the development of speech hearing (the child hears sounds incorrectly);
- pathology of the auditory apparatus and speech breathing;
- changes in the structure of the articular apparatus (in the case of the sound “l”, this may be a shortened frenulum).
All anatomical changes are determined by a specialist. Self-diagnosis often leads to incorrect treatment and aggravation of the defect.
If a child has a shortened frenulum, do not worry. For a long time, the defect was corrected with an incision, and today a new technique has been developed in which the frenulum is stretched to the required size with the help of special exercises.
Variants of pronunciation of the distorted sound "l"
Trying to pronounce "l", the child can replace it with other sounds. There is no definite dependence on the cause that caused the defect - the baby speaks in a way that is easier for him. The sound might be:
- the child skips the letter "l" (shovel - opata);
- replaces "l" with "y" (horse - walk);
- pronounces the sound “y” instead of the sound “l” (milk - moyoko, spoon - yoshka);
- speaks a hard "l" well and replaces a soft letter with another.
Correct articulation
To fix something, you need to know how it looks right. It's the same with the sounds we make. It is unlikely that you will be able to pronounce the letter "p" without connecting your lips. In order to get the sound "l", you need:
- rest the tip of the tongue against the base of the upper teeth or into the gap formed between the upper and lower teeth;
- pronouncing the letter, strongly release the air along the sides of the tongue;
- the edges of the tongue should not touch the upper and lower teeth located on the sides of the jaw.
If the speech therapist did not find serious problems with the articulatory apparatus in your baby, the correct pronunciation of “l” can be easily put at home. A few lessons with the baby are enough to teach him how to reproduce sound well. A few special exercises will make your task easier and give pleasure to the child. They will improve the mobility of the muscles of the larynx, tongue and lips.
In order for the child to understand where he makes a mistake, it is necessary to put him in front of a mirror and work out the correct setting of the tongue and lips. Learning to pronounce the sound "l"
Classes at home are comfortable for both the child and the parents. Specialists have developed various exercises that you can do with your baby, turning them into a fun game. Children love to make faces, but our exercises are also beneficial. Through a fun and exciting action, we teach the baby, we give the opportunity to train his tongue for the correct pronunciation of "l". List of exercises:
- Smile . Ask the baby to smile widely without parting his lips. Let him hold a smile for 8-10 seconds. Repeat the exercise 7-8 times a day.
- Breeze. Open your mouth a little, stick the tip of your tongue between your lips, and “bite” it slightly, squeezing your lips. Leaving the tongue in this position, it is necessary to blow strongly for three minutes.
- clatter. The kid should click like a horse, changing the intensity of the sound. Ask the child not to move the lower jaw, only the tongue and upper jaw click. The first part of the exercise is done with acceleration, in the second part the clatter should be quiet, as if the horse is sneaking.
- Delicious jam. Invite the child to lick his lips with his tongue as if he had eaten something very tasty. Movements should be wide, circular.
- Long tongue . Favorite exercise for kids. Children stick out their tongue to its full length and try to get it to the nose or chin.
- tubule. Ask your child to roll their tongue several times a day.
- Long "s". The tip of the tongue is retracted deep into the mouth, the back of the tongue rises to the sky, the child pulls the sound "s". The exercise is difficult, but it improves the flexibility of the tongue.
- Breath. Accompany the lessons with the improvement of breathing skills. Let the baby blow bubbles more often, encourage his desire to sing. In summer, the baby can blow off ripe dandelions.
- Fine motor skills. Fine motor skills exercises stimulate the nerve endings. Sculpting, drawing, cutting and gluing applications have a positive effect on the development of speech skills and enhance the intellectual development of a small person.
It will also be useful to pronounce tongue twisters and combinations of letters in which “l” is adjacent to different vowels.
How to conduct classes correctly?
When starting classes, remember that you have a small child in front of you. The best way to teach him something is through play. Speech therapy exercises carried out under pressure quickly bother babies, so you can’t force a child to repeat them for a long time. Start with 1-2 times a day for 3-4 repetitions. Use your own example. Sit with the baby near the mirror so that he can see how he is doing. Children love to imitate the actions of adults, use their interest for educational purposes. Accompany praise for each success of the crumbs, explain to him what you are learning and why.
In what situations do you need the help of a speech therapist?
Despite the ease of adjusting the sound, it may turn out that practicing at home will not lead to success. The reasons may be different:
- Russian is not your native language for your family, and its adult members speak with an accent;
- one of the adults already has speech defects and it is difficult for him to conduct classes;
- long classes could not help the baby learn to pronounce the letter "l".
In such situations, you need to contact a specialist. A speech therapist will help you adjust the exercises, suggest other ways to correct them.
You will need considerable patience and the ability to lure a child. The slightest progress should be noticed and marked with praise. If something doesn’t work out for the baby, do not scold him, so as not to discourage the desire to learn.
Difficulties in pronouncing the letter "r" become a frequent problem (for more details, see the article:). We recommend that you refer to one of our materials that tells how to deal with this problem. The principle is almost the same: it is necessary to stimulate children so that they speak words with this sound more often. Learn the articulation when pronouncing "r", show it to your baby. Use in the classroom pictures of animals with a “r” in their name, learn poetry and tongue twisters with it.
Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in clinical psychology
Children of all ages often have various speech disorders. The most common among them impaired pronunciation of sounds, which cannot be considered a harmless defect, because it can lead to negative consequences for the development of the child: difficulties in learning to read and write (this is called dyslexia and dysgraphia), and in the future to a decrease in academic performance in the Russian language. A child who pronounces sounds incorrectly is often mimicked, which creates additional psychological problems.
The first step in preventing such problems at school is to contact a speech therapist who will correct the child's speech deficiencies. But it happens that parents are very busy or they experience financial difficulties, because speech therapy assistance is not cheap.
Our task is to help parents who do not have a pedagogical education in the formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds, but on the condition that your child has no deviations in the structure of the speech organs (malocclusion, short frenulum of the tongue, absence of front teeth, high hard palate) and no severe speech disorders (alalia, dysarthria, stuttering, etc.).
Sound [L] is very difficult to set up and automate at home. Parents need a lot of patience. At times it will seem
that all efforts are in vain, and you will not succeed. The main thing is not to break loose and methodically continue the work begun. But do not overload the child! It is enough to practice twice a day for 10 minutes . Classes are necessarily held in the form of a game, competition. It will take about a month, and maybe more, to put and automate this difficult sound in direct and reverse syllables.
“Vampa” instead of “lamp”, “yoshka”, not a spoon), “uk”, but how you want to hear “bow”. This is not a complete list of substitutions and omissions that kids allow in their speech.
1. Distortion or sound skip [L] called "lambdacism".
Here are the most common:
The sound [L] in words is generally omitted: “apata” (shovel), “snake” (puddle);
Interdental lambdacism: when pronouncing the sound [L] in words, the tip of the tongue is laid between the teeth.
Bilabial (labial-labial) lambdacism: instead of the sound [L], a sound close to the sound [y] is heard: “uapa” (paw), “uapata” (paw).
Nasal lambdacism: the root of the tongue closes with the soft palate, and the exhaled stream of air passes through the nose. Nasal sounds [ng] are heard: “nguna” (moon), “ngama” (llama). This type of lambdacism occurs with rhinolalia (congenital or acquired splitting of the hard and soft palate: "cleft lip", "cleft palate").
2. Replacing the sound [L] with other sounds is paralambdacism:
The sound [L] in words is replaced by the sound [B]: “vuk” (bow), “gov” (goal);
The sound [L] in words is replaced by the sound [G]: “gapata” (shovel), “pagy” (floors), “stog” (table), “degaga” (did), etc .;
The sound [L] is replaced in pronunciation by the sound [D]: “doshad” (horse), “madysh” (baby), “gadava” (head), etc .;
The sound [L] is replaced by the sound [j]: “yoshka” (spoon), “yuya” (yula), “corrosive” (boat);
The sound [L] in words is replaced by a soft sound [L"]: “hatch” (bow), “blunder” (shovel), “divide” (cases), “woodpecker” (woodpecker), etc.
3. Articulatory exercises that precede the setting of the sound [L].
Sound production requires long and hard work on “tuning” the articulatory apparatus. Development of the necessary movements of the lips, tongue. The work begins with the introduction of the child with organs of articulation:- lips, upper and lower; behind the lips, teeth, upper and lower; behind the upper teeth - tubercle; behind the tubercle, the hard palate begins, which passes into the soft palate and ends with a palatal curtain with a small tongue;
Here is the tongue, it has a movable tip; the back of the tongue can also rise and fall. Under the tongue, the hyoid ligament (bridle), etc.
There are muscles in our cheeks, lips, tongue that need to be trained. And special gymnastics will help us - articulation.
With all types of lambdacism, you should first learn a few articulation exercises that must be performed daily in front of a mirror counting (from 1 to 5), for 6-10 minutes twice a day:
1. "Smile" - keep the lips in a smile, exposing the upper and lower teeth.
2. "Tube" - pull closed lips forward.
3. "We will punish the naughty tongue" - tongue on the lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, say: "Pa-pa-pa."
4. "Let's brush the upper teeth" (from the inside) - with a wide tongue from side to side at the upper alveoli (tubercles).
5. "Sail" - the tip of a wide tongue rests on the anterior upper incisors. The shape of the tongue resembles a sagging hammock. The exercise is static, it must be performed under the account: the longer the tongue is held, the better.
6. "The cat laps milk"- a wide tongue moving from top to bottom licks the upper lip.
7. « Turkey talker "- tongue movements, as in the previous exercise, only the pace is fast. The movements of the tongue are accompanied by sounds characteristic of an angry turkey, something like: "bl-bl-bl-...".
8. "Swing" - open your mouth, smile broadly. Under the count of "one - two", the tip of the tongue rests first on the upper and then on the lower incisors (on the inside).
Ø If the tongue stubbornly does not want to rise up and hold on to the upper teeth, a proven exercise will come in handy:
"Horse" - flick the wide tip of the tongue on the palate behind the upper front incisors. A prerequisite: the mouth is ajar, but the lower jaw is absolutely motionless!
Ø To securely fix the tongue in the “upper” position (on the palate), do the following exercise:
"Fungus": tongue with the upper surface sticks to the palate, while the hyoid frenulum is stretched.
Ø The above exercises should be performed for 2-4 weeks. The main requirement is to develop the ability to:
Hold the desired articulatory position correctly for 5 seconds;
Accurately perform movements;
Monitor the equal participation of the left and right halves of the tongue, lips in the performance of movements.
4. Ways of setting the sound [L]
If there is no sound at all in the child's speech, then it is easiest to put it. In this case, you do not have to remove the false stereotype of sound pronunciation.
1. By imitation: Show the child correct articulation of sound [L]:
Lips in a smile, mouth ajar, teeth open (the distance between the upper and lower teeth is 1 finger);
The wide tip of the tongue is raised and pressed against the alveoli (to the tubercles above the upper front teeth);
Exhaled air passes along the sides of the tongue, into the cheeks (if you touch your cheeks with your palms, you can feel their vibration).
Say the sound [L] and ask the child to repeat. The sound [L] occurs at the moment of separation of the tongue from the alveoli.
2. Staging from interdental sound(cannot be done with a child who has interdental lambdacism):
Ø This way of setting the sound [L] can be adopted with various types of lambdacism and paralambdacism.
Tell a child a story "How the little steamboat learned to honk"
Once upon a time there lived a small boat. He walked on the sea and carried goods. But the big ships did not notice him and did not even answer. And all because the voice of the little steamboat was very weak, and instead of a drawn-out and lingering beep: "L", it buzzed something indistinct and quiet. The little steamboat decided to learn how to honk correctly. He began to try different greetings: “U! O! No, not that! Out of annoyance, the little steamer bit his tongue and said: "Y". And then a miracle happened: a clear and distinct sound [L] sounded over the water surface! The little steamer thought he heard wrong, and repeat: "Y", biting his tongue again. The sound [L] is even more distinct. Hearing the voice of a small steamer, the big steamers began to answer him with loud and drawn-out beeps: “L!”, “L!”. So the little steamboat learned to hum correctly.
The child bites the tip of the tongue and pronounces the sound [Ы] for a long time. In this case, the sound [L] should sound. Although, perhaps not the first time. After the sound [L] is obtained in isolation, attach it to the vowels: LA, LO, LU, LY, LE. At first, the tip of the tongue will still have to be bitten. If it will be difficult to do this in a direct syllable, try reverse syllables: AL, UL, OL, IL, EL, IL.
3. Setting the sound [L] with two-labial (labial-labial) lambdacism
Very often, the correct pronunciation of the sound [L] is hindered by lips that are stretched out with a tube, or even completely wrapped around the lips, which makes the sound take on a shade of frog croaking: vopata (shovel), savate (salad). It is necessary to neutralize the lips. It's unlikely to succeed the first time. An ingrained habit (often a consequence of a strong friendship with a nipple) will make itself felt for a very long time.
Articulation exercises will help:"Smile", "Fence":
the lips are exaggeratedly stretched in a smile, exposing the front teeth (the teeth are clenched). Hold this position for as long as possible.
For a while, the adult will even have to hold the child's lips, stretching them into a smile, with the help of the thumb and forefinger. Only such "violent" measures will be able to keep the "naughty" lips.
1. Setting the sound [L] from the correct [L "](soft sound L)
It is possible that a solid sound [L] will not work right away. We'll have to be content with its mild version: [L´]. Mitigation at the first stage of setting is quite acceptable. It occurs due to excessive tension in the muscles of the lips. Over time, this will pass. If the process drags on, you need to go for a little trick. Pronouncing the syllables LA, LO, LU, LY, LE, the baby will have to touch the upper lip with the wide tip of the tongue.
Not entirely aesthetically pleasing, but the solid sound of the sound [L] is guaranteed. But this habit should not be fixed either. Gradually let him “hide” his tongue behind his upper teeth.
Get rid of excessive tension and labialization of the lips will help relaxing massage of the circular muscles of the mouth, and their slight tapping
fingertips.
Ø And also such exercises:"The horse snorts" - blow with force on relaxed lips, imitating the snorting of a horse.
"Fish" - slap your relaxed lips against each other, as a fish does in an aquarium.
"Tired" - blow with force on relaxed and parted lips.
5. Automation of sounds [L] in the child's speech
So, the month has passed in the works. If a hard sound [L] is not yet obtained, fix the soft [L "] firstin syllables: LA - LU - LE - LE - LI; then in words with the same syllables:
LA: Lyalya, strap, poplars, earth, fields, Valya, Tolya, Kolya;
LYU: people, chandelier, lupine, buttercup, fierce, Luda, Lucy;
LYO: ice, flax, light, pilot, flight, lying, Lyolya, Lyova, Lyosha;
LE: forest, lion, swan, fishing line, bream, laziness, summer, watering can, ribbon, babble;
LI: leaf, linden, line, lily, lemon, fox, tench, shower, midget, Lida.
It would be nice to fix in clear words:
LA-LA-LA - the fields turn green. LE-LE-LE - the leaves lay on the ground.
LI-LI-LI - bream splashed aground. LU-LU-LU - I love summer rain.
And something else along the same lines. You can compose speeches with your child. A very exciting activity!
Rhymes and tongue twisters also useful:
Oh, lyuli, lyuli, lyuli, Ghouls sleep on branches ...
Babies in cradles dream. Everyone is already asleep!
In direct syllables, the sound [Л´] is already obtained, then it's time to move on to reverse syllables and to combinations with other consonants:
AL - OL - UL - YL - FIR - YUL - YAL (soldering iron, poplar, bulk, dust, tulle, tulip, moth, polka, high chair, etc.);
SLE - SLU - SLA - SLE - SLI (trace, mica, slush, tears, plum ...).
And other sound combinations and words, only with consonants: P, F, G, K (plus, splash, whip, flux, plisse, pleated, glisse, glucose, cranberry ...)
Ø Speak syllables and words with the baby first, and then - pure phrases with these sound combinations. Sit in front of the mirror and do not forget to control the position of the tongue (its tip rests on the upper incisors!).
OL-OL-OL - we bought salt. UL-UL-UL - we will hang the tulle.
EL-EL-EL - there is a blizzard on the street. YL-YL-YL - dust on the leaves.
Solid sound [L] will have to work for a longer time. Do not be lazy to repeat the same syllable, the same word several times. It is unlikely that you will be able to achieve the right sound right off the bat!
Start from direct syllables: LA - LU - LO - LE - LY and words with them:
LA: lacquer, paw, bench, palm, weasel, patties, llama, lamp, barking;
LU: bow, magnifying glass, moon, puddle, beam, meadow, lawn, Lusha;
LO: forehead, elk, crowbar, boat, spoon, curl, elbow, deftly;
LY: bast, skis, baldness, lychko, tables, floors, goals, etc.
Keep rhyming words in tongue twisters:
LA-LA-LA - our Lenochka is small. LU-LU-LU - Lena loves praise.
LO-LO-LO - Lena is warm in felt boots. LY-LY-LY - Lena's felt boots are small.
From nursery rhymes choose these:
Owl-owl, owl, Birds sat down on a pole.
Big head. And the kittens are in the corner.
I sat on a stake, sat down, sat down,
She looked at the moon, They sang a song.
Her eyes glittered. Heard spoons -
Eyeballs clap-clap, Stretched legs.
Top-top paws. They heard kalachi, -
And - flew! Everyone jumped off the stove!
Our hands were covered in soap. The moon shines like brass
We washed the dishes ourselves. Harrier feasts on a frog.
We washed the dishes ourselves, a cheerful bee flies,
Helped our mother. Night fell on the forest.
(V. Lifshits) (V. Lunin)
Let's continue working on the sound [L] in reverse syllables and words with them:
AL - OL - UL - YL - EL - YUL - YAL - YOL - IL (small, became, table, they say, stake, chair, mule, was, sat down, ate, crushed, walked, found, sawed, walked, etc.) e.)
PLA - KLA - VLA - SLA - WLA - FLA - BLA - GLA and other sound combinations with vowels: U, O, S (cried, swam, Klava, keys, left, flags, eyes, etc.).
If in syllables and words a solid sound L will turn out well, go to phrases and phrases:
AL-AL-AL - our baby is still small. OL-OL-OL - the mole sat on the table.
UL-UL-UL - we broke the chair. YL-YL-YL - Pavel washed the floors.
At the first stage of automating the sound [L], the child repeats syllables, words and phrases after you, and at the final stage he himself must remember words with these sounds, you only give tasks:
Remember the names of birds (animals, flowers, trees, etc.) with the sound [L].
Name the food with the sound [L].
List things with sound [L].
Learn and guess with your child puzzles:
What kind of beast in the cold winter, prickly, green, in the winter we will find in the forest.
Walking through the woods hungry? (Wolf) We will invite a sharp, green one to visit. (Christmas tree)
There is a hollow in the pine, it is warm in the hollow. This lump from an apple tree is lope!
And who lives in a hollow in warmth? (Squirrel) Fell, rolled, huddled in the leaves. (Apple)
At the end of the work on the sound [L] use tongue twisters and texts saturated with these sounds:
Polkan pushed a stick with his paw. Mom Milu washed with soap.
Polkan pushed the stick with his paw. Mila did not like soap.
The tree has needles. Everyone is young in the winter cold.
Splitting needles at the Christmas tree. Everyone is young in the winter cold.
The cat lapped milk, The cat rolled a ball of thread into a corner.
And Vitya dipped a roll in milk. The cat rolled a ball of thread into a corner.
Any children's book contains a variety of speech material and will help in automating the sound [L].
As you probably noticed, there were almost no words with the sounds [Р´], [Р] in the speech material. This is no coincidence. Do not overload the child's speech with these difficult sounds (perhaps they are not in his speech at all!). We will defer work on them to a later date.
If after a long time of work there is no result, then if necessary, seek help from a speech therapist. And don't delay! With all the parental talents, the help of a specialist will not hurt.
Speech therapist Pergunova M.Yu.
List of used literature:
1. Gerasimova A.S. Popular speech therapy: a practical guide for classes with children 5-6 years old. - M.: Iris-press, 2008.
2. Glazunova E. N., Zalmaeva R. Ya. My own speech therapist. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Firefly", 2001.
3. Epifanova O.V. Development of activities with preschool children. - Volgograd, 2004.
4. Kondratenko I.Yu. We pronounce sounds correctly. speech therapy exercises. - M.: Iris-press, 2008.
5. Polyakova M.A. Self-instruction manual for speech therapy. Universal guide. - M.: Iris-press, 2007.
Preschool age is the period of the most active development of the child. Significant physiological changes occur in his body, the development of thought processes, the psyche, the emotional-volitional sphere and the personality as a whole is underway.
Studies have shown that all mental processes in a child develop with the direct participation of speech. And, obviously, the violation of this human function leads to difficulties in the harmonious development of the baby. In order to help the child master speech in a timely manner, parents should know the patterns of speech development of a preschool child.
Age deviations of speech development
Normally, by the age of three, the baby should master almost all the sounds of the language, with the exception of hissing (Sh, Shch, Ch, Zh) and the sound P, Pb. This age is characterized by an increase in speech activity, children begin to use speech in order to learn new facts for themselves. In another way, this is the age of "why".
Here are common mistakes that children make at this stage of speech development:
- replacing the sound R with L, L (hand - hatch),
- replacement of hissing Sh, Shch, Ch, Zh with soft X, Zb (scarf - syarf),
- replacing L with sounds L, Y (bow - hatch, lamp - yampa).
A five-year-old kid should already correctly pronounce all the sounds of speech and use not only simple, but also complex sentences to express his thoughts.
If a child pronounces sounds incorrectly for a long time, then his motor articulation skills are fixed, and the perception of speech sounds is distorted. The kid pronounces the sound incorrectly, but he does not understand it. If the child is not helped in time, then he will have a persistent speech defect, which will be much more difficult to overcome.
Formation of the correct pronunciation of sounds in a child
Often, if a child does not have chronic diseases, pathologies in the development of the organs of the speech apparatus (tongue, soft and hard palate, lips), disorders in the functioning of the nervous system, adults at home can help the baby master one or another sound. In this case, you only need to know the procedure required to produce the missing or distorted sound.
- Firstly, the main thing that parents should start with is strengthening articulatory motor skills. This is achieved through various exercises, of which the literature provides many.
- Secondly, this is the staging or refinement of the sound itself. Each sound has its own method.
- The next step will be to fix the sound first in syllables, then in words.
- After the child successfully pronounces the sound in words, he is offered tasks for differentiating (distinguishing) oppositional sounds (Zh-Sh, Ch-Sch, Z-S, T-D, etc.).
- Next comes the stage of memorizing nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, riddles, poems with a set sound.
- And finally, we fix the sound in speech: storytelling, storytelling.
How to teach a child to pronounce a solid sound "L" at home
In this article we want to dwell in more detail on the production of a solid sound "L".
Most often, when pronouncing the sound “L”, the following shortcomings occur: the sound is completely absent, replaced by others - L, V, U, I. (shop - “lyavka”, “yavka”). Due to the fact that the pronunciation of this sound requires the upper position of the tongue, you need to find out if the child can lift it up.
In order for the tongue to clearly hold the desired position, we offer the following exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the tongue:
- "Sting" - show a narrow tongue
- “Sting” - “Shovel” - show either a narrow or a wide tongue.
- "Swing" - the tongue touches alternately the lower, then the upper lip.
- "Pendulum" - the end of the tongue turns into the corners of the lips.
- “We will punish the naughty tongue” - stick out your tongue, pat your lips on it (five-five-five) so that it becomes wide.
- “The tongue is sleeping” - slightly bite the end of the protruding tongue, opening and closing the mouth, lips and tongue are relaxed and motionless.
After you notice that the child can easily cope with the proposed exercises, you can proceed directly to the production of the sound “L”.
The first way to call L: the flattened tongue lies motionless between the teeth (“The tongue is sleeping”), the mother offers to sing AAA and, without interruption, bite the tip of the tongue, continuing to sing the same sound, - it turned out ALL. I would like to warn that it is not necessary at this stage to ask the child what kind of sound he got. This can be done only after repeated repetition of the exercise, when he succeeds.
Second setting method: sing YYYY, while biting a wide tongue. The child is shown this exercise silently so that the sound L is not audible, otherwise he will pronounce it with the usual distortion.
The sound obtained with these techniques is first fixed in closed syllables (AL, IL, OL, UL); further - between vowels (ALA, ILA, ULO ...), then in open syllables (LA-LA, LO-LO, LU-LU, LA-LU, LO-LU, etc.).
- where the sound L is at the end of the word: rear, donkey, chair, kalach, glass, etc.
- where the sound L is at the beginning of the word: skis, bast, boat, puddle, horse, etc.
- where the sound L is in the middle of a word: fang, class, glory, eyes, flea, etc.
Then you begin to memorize simple poems, nursery rhymes, riddles with your child, in which the sound L is often found. This will automate the resulting sound and introduce it into speech.
Examples:
On the surface of the window glass
heavy glass drop.
A drop fell on a blue flower
and opened one petal.
Run away, run away
milk escaped.
I had a hard time catching it
Being a hostess is not easy!
Everything is white, white, white.
There has been a lot of snow.
Here are the fun days!
Everyone on skis and skates!
If you are not confident in your abilities or are afraid to harm the baby in some way, then there is always a way to contact specialized centers, of which there are now a large number. Having attended several speech therapy classes and having mastered the skill of pronouncing a “difficult” sound, your child will be able to continue working on developing speech with his parents.
We offer the child to do the exercises shown in the following video of speech therapist Natalia Gorina.
How to prevent speech impediments
Parents should remember that their behavior can also affect the development of the baby's speech. How should parents behave if they want their child's speech to form without unnecessary difficulties?
- First of all, you need to talk to the baby slowly, calmly. This is due to the fact that due to insufficiently developed auditory perception, the child will not have time to hear and recognize the speech of an adult.
- It is necessary to tell the child how to correctly pronounce the word that he finds it difficult to say. Usually kids are happy to repeat after adults. Just do not forget that excessive demands can offend the child, and he can completely withdraw.
- It is not advisable to overload the child with early learning of letters and reading, especially if this is done without his desire, since the expected result may be the opposite.
- It is a mistake to force a young child to recite poetry in front of guests. This is a big stress for the baby, whose speech has not yet been fully formed. Subsequently, such adult mistakes can lead to stuttering.
- With the late development of speech, you should not panic, you just need to pay more attention to speech games with the child in order to replenish his passive vocabulary.
- In addition, the prevention of deficiencies in speech development is facilitated by the normal functioning of other speech organs (hearing, voice, respiratory apparatus, vision, smell, touch), the well-coordinated work of which contributes to the formation of correct speech.
Remember, the work of developing speech does not end quickly. This is a long process. It is necessary to constantly expand the vocabulary of the baby, read books to him, compose stories from pictures, from the impressions that he had. In every possible way encourage the child to communicate, gently and unobtrusively correct his mistakes, while giving him a sample of correct speech.
We bring to your attention the following video, in which you can consider in detail the production of the sound "L" at home.
The production of the soft sound "L" is discussed in the next video.
