Anton Shaganov
Fishing. Non-standard types of fishing - 3
"Lifts, traps, casting nets.": "Leningrad Publishing House"; SPb .; 2009
annotation
Network fishing gear today can be purchased at any store of the corresponding profile. However, few amateur anglers know how to properly and most effectively use a basting, casting net or lift. Long years of prohibitions have interrupted the tradition, and numerous publications on the topic of fishing are devoted exclusively to sport fishing. This book describes the use of these and many other tackle, not related to sports, but permitted by law for recreational fishing.
The book is intended for a wide range of angling readers.
Anton Shaganov
Lifts, traps, casting nets
INTRODUCTION
For many years, net fishing gear, including trap and gripping gear, were completely banned in our country for use in recreational fishing. A stereotype was persistently hammered into the consciousness of society: a person with a vertex or a rough outline is a poacher, a deadly enemy of nature and a destroyer of all living things, a criminal, and his place is in prison. Factories and chemical plants shamelessly poisoned rivers and lakes to the point of complete sterility - no fish, no water insect, no more dead than the Dead Sea. Collective and state farms received mineral fertilizers according to the order much more than is needed for normal farming, and their deposits along the edges of the fields, washed out by rains, slowly flowed into ditches, streams, and from them into rivers. Fishery workers, entangling reservoirs with many kilometers of nets, filtering them with huge seines with the smallest mesh and catching fish that did not reach spawning size, received bonuses for overfulfilling the plan. But, of course, they were not to blame for the depletion of fish stocks - after all, there is a peasant with a rough outline, who went to the bank of the river to fish the way his fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers caught him.
At the end of the 1980s, during perestroika, the situation changed: the fishing regulations of various regions began to allow amateurs to use nets, nonsense, festoons and other tools, which were previously considered exclusively poaching gear. Permits were given reluctantly, with all sorts of restrictions on the length of the tackle and the size of the mesh, on the catch rate, on the timing of application. Other drafters of the rules were clearly distinguished by a perverse sense of humor: what was the cost of the permits for fishing with "poaching" tackle, issued to invalids of the Great Patriotic War, and even to public figures who distinguished themselves in the protection of fish stocks! Imagine a picture: an old veteran waddles on crutches to a reservoir, bent under the weight of delirium, but the place is taken - there is already a public figure protecting fish stocks with nets ... However, as it was said in those years, the process has begun. And it continues to this day.
Recently, vast land plots, sometimes with ponds of considerable size, turned out to be privately owned, and the new owners themselves establish who and what can catch the fish they have bred. Network fishing gear, previously sold secretly from under the floor, can now be bought at any store of the corresponding profile. However, not all buyers know how to use them correctly and most effectively: long years of bans have interrupted the tradition, and numerous publications on the fishing topic are devoted exclusively to sport fishing.
The book you are holding in your hands is designed to at least partially correct the situation. The author does not claim that he was able to describe in detail or at least mention all the trapping and exciting tackles known to amateur fishermen from numerous regions of our country, so different in natural conditions and in the types of fish that live in water bodies. But where does one have to start somewhere? Begin to share practical experience with anglers who love not only to sit on the shore with a fishing rod, but also to walk along the river with a strap or a bump.
For thieves who fish not for pleasure, but in order to fill the bag, this book will hardly help anything - they already know their dirty business, and they use tackles that are much more productive than those described. Well, for amateurs who want to learn new, sometimes very interesting ways of fishing - pleasant and useful reading!
FISHING TRAP
Traps are the oldest fishing equipment known since prehistoric times. Perhaps, only catching with their hands (as an accidental and rare type of hunting of our distant ancestors) and the battle of fish with a spear and a harpoon are older than them. Some archaeological scientists dispute this opinion, arguing that the primitive fishing rod is still older, and bone hooks found during excavations of Paleolithic sites are cited as evidence.
A wide variety of fishing gear is called a trap, based on the principle of "easy to get in, hard to get out." Designs, sizes, installation methods are very different, often the same trap in different areas of even one country is called differently and vice versa - completely different gear are known under the same name.
Fishing with traps is efficient and has a low cost of catch. Their other advantage is the ability to fish in places where it is impossible to fish with other tools (overgrown and encircled water bodies, etc.). An important advantage of traps is their ability to keep the catch alive for a long time after being caught - while a fish caught with a fixed net and a bridge dies and decomposes, poisoning the air and water, if the fisherman for some reason could not check or find the tackle.
Unlike nets, seines and other fishing gear, traps can be made not only of net cloths (mostly nylon), but also wood, plastic, metal, combined. They actually consist of traps and wings. The wings are placed in the path of movement of the fish, which, bending around the wings, falls into traps, the entrance to which is convenient, but the exit is difficult. The most typical traps are set nets (including large sea seines), hems, venteres, muzzles, caps, self-contained crayfish and crab traps.
The main disadvantage of fishing traps, which are used not by fishermen, but by amateur fishermen, is the passive participation of the fisherman in the process of catching. In the end, we fish not only for the sake of prey, for the sake of rest, too, and a day spent actively and gambling fills us with positive emotions for a week.
And then: he came, pulled out the top ... one short moment of excitement: is there something inside? No? .. Got carps and went home.
But sometimes this disadvantage turns into an advantage. For example, such a regularity is known: the more actively a predator feeds, the more difficult it is to catch a trifle escaping from it with live bait. Sometimes it is very offensive: a hunting pike is splashing around, and there is almost nothing to plant on mugs or vents. And the same top with a fine mesh, standing nearby with a bait, will be very useful. It is even safer to look at a small carp pond near the fishing spot and put the top there all the time, then you can come at least a month later and immediately get a supply of live baits.
Other disadvantages include the high cost and laboriousness of installing large traps. It is not so easy to stretch a net with wings, the length of which is measured in tens of meters (it does not matter, from a boat or off the beaten track). Yes, in cold spring water, but in the current ... Therefore, amateurs use traps of a more modest size.
Now let's talk about certain types of trap gear.
Merezha (winged, wick, ryuzha)
A curious transformation has taken place with the term "fancy" in more than a hundred years. L.P. Sabaneev, a classic of fishing literature, in his fundamental work "Fishes of Russia" described the netting as a “triple, three-walled net: in the middle there is a dense net, on the sides so-called ryazh, that is, rare nets with meshes of about 18 cm in a square ". In our time, such a tackle is called a cricket net (in common parlance, a "putan", and the term "festoon" has migrated to the tackle described by Sabaneev under the name "wick." the wick is no different from the modern hedgehog.
Rice. one. The wick (after L.P.Sabaneev)
Another patriarch of fishing, S.A. In general, the old books on net traps are quite applicable now: the design and methods of fishing have hardly changed, except that modern materials are used for manufacturing. But the existing inconsistency in terms must be taken into account (in Aksakov's books, for example, there are no illustrations).
So, in the modern sense, a net is a net trap used in river, less often in sea, lake and pond fishing and consisting of a guiding system ("wings") and a working part, the so-called "barrel".
Design and manufacture
Previously, the framing of a hem was made exclusively from round or oval wooden hoops. Nowadays, plastic or metal hoops are more often used (they are frame rings, they are also catels - the discrepancy in terms is quite large). When making hems with your own hands, in particular metal hoops, it is worth using either rods with an anti-corrosion coating, or, in the absence of such, thoroughly clean (treat with a fine sandpaper) the hoop, then cover it in several layers with waterproof paint. Otherwise, the mesh tight-fitting frame will rot very quickly at the points of contact with corrosive metal (see Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. The device of a modern hedgehog (for convenience, only one wing is shown):
1 - floating cord; 2 - cargo cord; 3 - wing; 4 - arc (plastic tube diameter - 20 mm); 5 - tubes (diameter of the plastic tube - 16 mm); 6 - "throat"; 7 - "barrel"; 8 - kutets (kutok)
The net that covers the netting frame must be made of thick enough threads (the netting used for fixed nets, especially from monofilament, is not used here). The frame hoops decrease somewhat in size with distance from the entrance, and the narrowest part of the tackle (behind the last hoop) is called the cod, or the cod, or, much less often, the cuff.
The principle of operation of the net is as follows: an obstacle is placed on the fish's route (stretched to the sides, but at a slight angle relative to the inlet, “wings”, that is, small pieces of rectangular mesh attached directly to the inlet valve). Unable to pass through the wing, the fish swims along it and gets into the trap chamber, the entrance to which is convenient, but the exit is difficult.
For a better fit to the bottom and for greater catchability, the front hoop is sometimes made square or rectangular, especially in wingless or with removable fenders (will be described in detail below). But more often a tunic is placed in front, bent in the form of a semi-oval, in the manner of a greenhouse arc - its pointed ends protrude beyond the lower limits of the tackle and when installed reliably stick into the bottom of the reservoir, allowing you to save a couple of stakes (the stakes on which the fringe is stretched in a river or lake, are not included in its kit and are procured at the place of fishing).
The first “throat” is at the very entrance to the fringe; the edges of its larger base are attached to the first inlet coil. The edges of the smaller base are attached by thin guys to the second or third coil. Due to this, the axis of the "throat" coincides with the axis of the "barrel" and stretches well. Depending on the number of guys, the throat inlet is polygon-shaped. Practice shows that the closer he gets to the circle, the better the fish will enter the hem. The second, third and other "throats" are attached with a wide base to the corresponding coil and stretched to the subsequent coats.
Kateli are attached to the net in several ways. In one case, the hoop is threaded through the meshes along the perimeter of the "barrel" of the hem - this is painstaking work that can only be done until the ends of the hoop are connected, which creates inconvenience during repair, installation and makes it impossible to weld to connect the ends of metal hoops. In addition, the del in the places of contact with the hoops is quickly frayed. In another case, the hoops are inserted inside the hem and attached to the delhi with twine. This method is less convenient, as it can lead to incorrect installation of the hoop, distortion of the delta and, moreover, does not eliminate its chafing.
The most common and convenient way is to install hoops outside the tackle, when at the points of attachment to the hoops along the perimeter of the "barrel" a string is skipped. Most often, a transverse lash seam passes in these places, and therefore the veneer simultaneously serves to strengthen the seam. The pozhilina is tied to a hoop with one thread in a circle. Thus, the hem is stretched inside the hoop.
Sometimes not only the first hoop from the entrance is made rectangular, but also all the others (such framing are called frame). For the convenience of transportation, the frames can be made collapsible, for example, from metal rods inserted into the corners bent from a thin aluminum tube. Such tackle is more expensive and laborious to manufacture, and it is rather troublesome to prepare it for fishing on a pond. But even a fisherman who does not own a car can take a hefty-sized netting in a backpack.
Seeds exist in a variety of modifications, depending on the number of wings, frame rings, as well as inlets (in large fences there are several "throats", which increases the catchability). Multi-necked fences are made quite large and are mainly used in industrial fishing on large reservoirs - wings with additional openings stretch there for kilometers, line up in special figures (so-called "yards"), and, getting lost in this labyrinth, sometimes falls into the "barrel" even such a careful and strong fish as salmon.
Amateur anglers in their practice use one- and two-necked fenders, their catchability in inland waters is quite satisfactory. The number of fishing tackles usually ranges from two to five (in large fishing gear, there are up to ten or even more fishing tackles). Varieties of single-hoop hem (the so-called “sleeve”) and frameless hem can, perhaps, be considered as separate gear, and they will be described in the corresponding section.
About sizes
As a rule, amateur fences are small fishing gear 2–4 m long and with a wingspan of up to 8–10 m, with a diameter of the largest (first) boat from 0.5 to 1.5 m. tackle provides more than a decent catch. And the fishing rules do not at all welcome gigantomania in this matter.
The height of the wings is determined by the depth of the places chosen for fishing and rarely exceeds 2 m. Ideally, the wing should cover the entire water column from the bottom to the surface. There are also floating hems that catch the upper layers in deep places (in the sea and on large lakes). But these structures are monumental, the wings and openings add up to hundreds of meters, and amateur anglers do not use such fences.
Fishing technique
There is no special art in catching with fenders (unlike, for example, basting or casting net). The whole secret of good catches is to sew and assemble the hem correctly, and put it in the right place at the right time. However, you need to set carefully, tightly stretching the "barrel" and wings on pre-hammered stakes or straightening with the help of anchor braces.
Good stretching of the entire tackle is the key to success, and loosening of the guide system can change the direction of the fish, which reduces the catch of the net. In addition, the current can blow away a loose and loose wing, which will block the entrance to the mouth of the gear.
Having installed the fences and making sure they are correctly stretched, fishermen usually do not leave the reservoir, but engage in other types of fishing. The tackle, meanwhile, catches, stores and preserves fish. After a while, the fishermen check the framing. If, after a couple of checks, there is no catch, the installation location should be changed.
Catch time
The banks can be installed all year round, both in open water and under the ice, but still the main time for fishing with them is the spring and the spring course of the fish. In fig. 3 depicts the most common way of setting a hem along the coast. When fishing for running fish, the entrance of the tackle is directed down the river, when fishing for downstream fish - up, against the current. The wings extend to the right and left, trapping the fish and guiding it into the hem.
Rice. 3. The position of the double-winged fissure when the fish moves to the upper reaches of the river. When rolling back, the tackle turns 180 °
The fish can be placed as soon as the ice has moved away from the coast, since spawning begins at this time, and the fish gather in schools near the coast. A very good place to fish for frizzy is the mouth of a bay or a narrow channel, for example, between islands or a coast and an islet. Also of great interest are low sloping shores flooded by high water, where there are thickets of last year's plants - often pikes and other fish tend to spawn on these stalks covered with water. Bushes flooded with water (or rather, the gaps between them) are also an excellent place for spring fingering.
In the spring, especially in the early spring, most of the fringes are installed in the forge. It is not so convenient to do this from a boat, especially in narrow gaps between the coast and melted ice, in flooded bushes, etc. In narrow upper reaches of rivers and in streams where fish rush in spring, it is sometimes impossible to use a boat. Naturally, the installation is not done the way Aksakov described at one time: not naked and not up to his neck in ice water.
A must-have accessory for the hedgehog catcher during this period are rubber trousers, glued to the boots and protecting their wearer at least to the middle of the chest. The bottom of the rubberized chemical protection kit is less useful, but it will do too. I do not advise you to do with swamp boots, even if the tackle is installed in a very shallow place - it has been established by numerous experiments: as soon as you pull on your boots and go into the water, your foot immediately ends up in a ravine or muskrat hole, and the swimming season opens much earlier than planned.
In any case, when going fishing, you should definitely take with you a change of clothes and a flask of alcohol ... for external use, but what did you think? It’s better to go inside later, at home, under a pivot-thick fish in a frying pan ... I know, I know: many people cannot imagine fishing without drinking, and I myself was a sinner in my youth ... But I proceed not from moralizing considerations, but from sad experience: too often drunk fishermen drowned and froze to death on the ice, and also died in other, sometimes completely ridiculous ways. In general, if you do use it, at least do not abuse it.
When the water subsides and at the same time warms up, the fishery moves to deeper places. Particularly catchy are the hedgehogs in summer on isthmuses between two deep pits, in narrow channels and bays among thickets of reeds or reeds, in general, in any gaps between dense aquatic vegetation. And when fishing in summer, unlike in spring, hems are much more often placed from a boat than from a brod.
In autumn, when the water becomes cold and clear and the aquatic vegetation falls off, the size of the catches is reduced. In some localities, traps are used to catch autumn-spawning and winter-spawning fish, but they (with the exception of burbot) are much less likely to be caught in trap-type tools.
Collecting the catch
To check the fences and retrieve the prey, you should approach (or swim in a boat) from the side of the open wings and try to scare the fish in front of the mouth of the tackle so that it goes down the “throat”. Then the tackle is bypassed from the other side, approaching the cuff of the hem, and untied from the end stake. Hoop-hoops are lifted, collected together, driving the caught fish into the codend, which is then untied over the boat or over a large cage (when checking the gear in the freeze). Having emptied the fringe, it is again stretched and tied to the tail stake, after having tied a cod.
Venter (vyater, yater, secret)
Linguists believe that the Russian names for both "top" and "Venter" come from the word ventris, which the ancient Baltic aborigines used to call traps woven from twigs. Perhaps it is, but modern ventilation systems (and vertices) are made not of willow rods, but of net materials.
Probably, the venter is still a synonym for fencing - in many regions of Russia this word is used to refer to a tackle that is completely identical to a festoon. But in our country (in the north-west of Russia), amateur fishermen still call a trap, which differs both in the device and in the method of application, as venters. The design difference is as follows: the venture has not two, but three wings, and the third (called a flap, flap or stepson) is installed in front and in the middle, so that the approach to the mouth is divided in half. You can also not attach the postcard to the tackle, but simply display it separately, but next to it, that is, the netting easily and simply turns into a vent, and vice versa. The rest of the design of the vent, its manufacture, the materials used are no different from those described above and concerning the hem.
The meaning of the third wing is as follows: in spring, fish often move upstream of small rivers and streams, and down - and at the same time. For example, an ide spawning very early is already rolling down from the upper reaches, while roach and pike are just beginning to rise.
In such cases, Aksakov advised using two trap gear (wings in his terminology), directed in opposite directions and standing wing to wing. So it is really more convenient and simpler, but ... But the fishing rules of the subjects of the Federation of the North-West District do not welcome fishing with trap gear. Allowed, but with strict restrictions on the size of the tackle and the number of tackles per person.
Venter-three-wing, in fact, was invented so that one person with one tackle could catch both sloping and rising fish at the same time.
Rice. 4. Venter position while catching both downhill and rising fish
As can be seen from Fig. 4, the ventral is installed across the stream, and the main retarding effect is exerted by the central flap, stretching from the tackle to the shore, and the side wings play an auxiliary guiding role.
In general, the ability to concentrate a fish, absent-mindedly wandering in a reservoir, and direct it into a trap is a whole science. For this purpose, tradesmen build very intricate labyrinths with very complex schemes, in which the total length of the wings and openings sometimes reaches kilometers. Amateur anglers, squeezed by the straitjacket of the rules, are deprived of such an opportunity and are content with simple schemes such as the one given. Even those who are ready to risk a fine for the sake of a notable catch do not build labyrinths copied from the fishermen - they are too noticeable on the reservoir and too expensive, the catch does not compensate for the loss from the confiscation of tackle. In general, the rules must be followed.
Merezha without wings
This tackle was not born from a good life. Rather, from a very wise point of the fishing rules in force in the Leningrad region: “fishing with fenders without wings in the amount of 2 pieces is allowed. per person ". In other rules, I remember, it was mentioned about nonsense without a hook ... It's good that the wise legislators did not think of a fishing rod without a hook.
In some cases, of course, fences work well even without wings - when the fish follows a very narrow underwater "path", practically without straying to the side. For example, during the spring run of a tench, the following experience is possible: by placing a three-walled tangled net across the river, you can easily make sure that the fish will get entangled in the same (no more than a meter long) section of the tackle. A fish-cut without wings, placed in such a place (along the river and, naturally, with the “throat” to the fish's course), will bring an excellent catch.
The first hoop in a hem without wings is usually made rectangular and large. Generally, hoops-catels in all fences are somewhat reduced in diameter from the "throat" to the cuff, but this is solely due to the convenience of transportation: when folded, smaller hoops are inserted inside the larger ones, and the whole tackle is more compact.
In a hem without wings, the task of the enlarged first hoop is different: to somehow concentrate the fish against the “throat”. Therefore, its width is 2–2.5 times greater than that of the second, its height is about one and a half times higher.
It is convenient to catch fish moving in the reservoir more or less absent-mindedly in the orders of such fingers, standing tightly, hoop to hoop, in this case, fishing is carried out by a team of fishermen. When fishing alone, it is worth choosing places where the fish concentrate naturally (see "sleeve").
The “sleeve”, in fact, is a simplified to the limit of the hem: there are no wings, instead of the “barrel” there is a strongly elongated and narrowed cutter, there is only one “throat”, the hoop is also one, and the tackle is installed on one stake, tied to the hoop in two places. The lower, pointed end of the stake protrudes far beyond the limits of the tackle and is hammered deep into the bottom. Stretches the "sleeve" into the working position of the sinker attached to the end, or just one flow.
In my opinion, the "sleeve" was transformed from the "tail-shi" described by Aksakov - a long and narrow wicker trap set in a strong current. They catch with "sleeves" where the rapidly flowing water will certainly carry down the net or vent with their large windage.
The area of application of the "sleeves" is much narrower than the traps described above: streams, small and medium rivers, upper reaches of large ones; tackle is not used on lakes, ponds, reservoirs, as well as on large rivers in their middle and lower reaches. The "sleeve" is always put on the outside, without the help of a boat.
In different regions there are "sleeves" with slight design differences: sometimes the hoop of the tackle is made square or rectangular; in places with a very strong current, the tackle is placed not on one, but on two stakes, tied on both sides of the hoop. On rivers, the bottom of which is a stone-flagstone (for example, in the Leningrad region these are Luga, Tosna, etc.), instead of stakes, cuttings of metal pipes are used, hammering them into the cracks of stone slabs with a sledgehammer.
Rice. five."Sleeve" with a round hoop
Since the described tackle does not have wings that concentrate fish against the mouth of the trap, you have to choose places where the fish gathers naturally. For example, they are very successful in catching with their "sleeves" where a stream or small river sharply narrows and accelerates, bending around some natural or artificial obstacle: a large boulder, a blockage of trees that have fallen into the water with all kinds of garbage nailed to them, etc. Old , long-destroyed hydraulic structures - dams and sluices on small rivers - are also very promising for fishing with "sleeves": gaps in them and old spillways through which water barely oozes in summer, during spring floods give out jets that can clog, squeeze fish into the "sleeve ".
It is much easier not to wait for favors from nature and to build an obstacle in the course of the fish - the so-called stabbing (aka races, bunches, etc.), most often representing a kind of wattle fence on stakes driven into the bottom, with small gaps for sleeves and the like with Nastya. But the fishing rules of almost all constituent entities of the Russian Federation prohibit the installation of permanent obstacles that prevent fish from reaching spawning grounds. Therefore, sleeved fishermen who do not want to conflict with the law have to find places convenient for fishing that have arisen without their participation.
Several (or several dozen) "sleeves", set in a row, close to each other, block quite significant water flows, if they are shallow (in this case, of course, it is much more convenient to tackle with a rectangular hoop). Fishing rules strictly monitor the number of "sleeves" per catcher, and such fishing is possible only for a large group of anglers.
Summer fishing with "sleeves" is rarely carried out, only in a few convenient places (except for the rise of water after heavy rains); in the fall, those who like to “ruffle” again rush to their favorite places. Catching with "sleeves" is more active and reckless than the use of fenders and vents. Tackle is rarely left unattended, on "samolov": some driftwood quickly rushing downstream is capable of tearing the net or tearing a stake out of the bottom. In addition, the capacity of the "sleeve" is very small, and most often the fisherman, seeing from the shore the flopping in the free end of the tackle, rushes into the water to get the catch.
The second plus of this fishing is that it is more sparing in relation to the fish population: mainly downstream fish that have spawned are caught.
The third benefit is economic, the sleeve is much cheaper and easier to manufacture than a hem or vent.
The equipment and accessories are the same as for fencing: an ax, a rubber suit, a change of dry clothes, a flask with alcohol, and a hook for catching large objects floating to the tackle will also not be superfluous.
Separately, it must be said about security measures. I strongly advise, when setting off, to install or check the "sleeves", to fasten on the carabiner a safety line, the other end of which is securely fastened on the shore (and it does not matter if the fishing is done alone or in a company). Many people naively believe that it is impossible to drown at knee-deep or a little deeper. It is very possible! Especially with a fast current ... There were such cases, and more than once: I slipped, fell, the current started, the rubber suit was filled with water - and the job is ready, neither those who remained on the shore, nor their own ability to swim will help. Take care of yourself!
Fishing with "sleeves" in overseas lakes
"Sleeve" is not only a narrow single-necked trap used in a very strong current, the same name is also given to another, more than original trap tackle. Its originality lies in the fact that neither netting nor willow rods are used to create this tackle, and ice serves as the material. Fishing is carried out in winter, when some shallow and deep water bodies freeze so much that the fish begins to choke and die.
So fishing serves two purposes: first, of course, it brings the catch. And secondly, which is no less important, it keeps the fish from freezing.
So, you need to make several holes in the ice (with an ice drill or with an ice drill of the largest diameter). If the oxygen regime in the lake or pond is really bad and the underwater inhabitants are on the verge of death, then the fish rushes to the ice holes almost immediately. But much more often it happens that oxygen starvation is not yet too strong, and only a trifle rises upward. Large specimens, although they feel a lack of oxygen, but not enough to forget about caution.
In order not to be on duty for long hours with a net at the ice-holes, an ice-hole is cut in the ice with a depression in the form of "sleeves", then it is connected with a small neck with an ice-hole (see Fig. 6).
Rice. 6. Fishing with "sleeves" in frozen lakes: 1 - ice-hole; 2 - neck; 3 - "sleeves"
After that, the ice-hole is cleared of ice fragments and masked, even if fishing takes place on completely deaf bodies of water (large fish often rises to breathe only in the dark), the trap from above is filled with spruce branches in several layers. Usually the "sleeves" are checked the next day, and if frost is expected at night, then it makes sense to cover the tackle with a thick layer of loose snow. The fish, feeling the influx of fresh air, rises into the hole and through the neck enters the "sleeves", where it can be easily picked out with a net.
The dimensions of the "arms" are arbitrary, but one must always measure them with the thickness of the ice and the size of the expected fish. In places where a carp weighing several kilograms in weight is likely to emerge, the range of the tackle reaches 2.5–3 m, and the depth is 60–70 cm (if, of course, the thickness of the ice allows). In other cases, you can do with half the size, hammering the ice is quite laborious. In order to get small things for the nozzle, the “sleeves” are made miniature, and instead of an ice hole, a hole with a diameter of 100–130 mm is drilled.
Unfortunately, global warming has led to the fact that there are fewer and fewer winters in the North-West region, when this simple and extractive fishing method can be used.
Versha (merega, diving)
In the places where I spent my childhood, fishing with summits was very common among young people and adolescents, only the tackle was called differently - meregs. They fished with bait, exclusively in ponds and exclusively for crucian carp, most of them small ones. And subconsciously there was a conviction that the top-merega is a frivolous tackle, childish pampering, and adult fishermen can use it to easily get live bait, nothing more. Over time, I had to make sure that this was not so: a fisherman who understands a lot about his business, and with the help of a top, he can catch quite solid fish. However, everything is in order.
The top is a fishing trap tool, very reminiscent of a netting. The main difference: a second entrance (“throat”) is possible on the other side of the tackle, there are no wings, and the frame does not consist of separate hoops, but of rigidly fastened longitudinal ribs. Thus, the tackle does not need to be stretched in the water on stakes driven into the bottom, but can be cast directly from the shore, which, of course, increases the convenience of fishing.
The second advantage is that the depth at the chosen location does not play a significant role, while the grommets and venteri are applicable only at limited depths.
In fig. 7 shows a classic one-piece top: tapered and double-holed. I must say that the cylindrical top is no less catchy, and the descending
Rice. 7. Conical non-separable top
the end (at the conical) is made from completely different considerations. The top is thrown from the shore in two ways - with and without a tied rope (in the second case, the tackle is taken out with the help of a cat anchor). Naturally, the second method gives much more chances to find the tackle in a day where it was left. But a misfire is possible: there will be no fish in the tackle. This happens if the top, sinking to the bottom, turns its "throat" down and lies in this position. If the "throat" of the cylindrical top is directed upwards, then the catch will also be less. Therefore, (casting with a rope) they wait for the tackle to sink to the bottom, then pull sharply on the rope, which is always tied to the front hoop, so that the tackle is guaranteed to take a horizontal position. And when they put it "on the cat", then a lead weight is attached to the narrow end of the conical tackle, which turns the top vertically in the process of lowering to the bottom, but it cannot stand on the narrow tail and lies on its side.
The sizes of the shafts are different: the smallest tackle with a volume of 5-7 liters for catching small things on live bait, the largest are limited only by the possibility of casting from the shore. The larger the tackle and the wider the entrance hole, the larger fish you can count on in the catch.
The non-separable top, due to its dimensions, is applicable only on bodies of water close to the house. Therefore, fishermen, committed to fishing with summits, have been trying for a long time to make their favorite tackle more compact.
Rice. eight. One-throated ( but) and two-necked ( b) cylindrical tops with spacer ribs
In fig. 8 shows a single-necked and double-necked tops with removable ribs. Their design has been known for a long time and it seems to me very inconvenient. The fact is that in such a top the struts work in compression, and the net works in tension, and the tension and compression must mutually balance each other. But the trouble is that the threads from which the net is woven stretch out over time, lengthen. Not much, but quite enough for the struts to fly out of their places already during the casting. And when pulling the tackle, it is worth catching on a snag or other underwater obstacle - they fly out in any case, even on a new, unstretched tackle. They fly out and remain at the bottom of the reservoir.
Fig 9. Double-necked top with spring frame
However, not so long ago there was a real revolution in amateur fishing with tops: tackles with a spring frame appeared (Fig. 9). There are no transverse ribs here, the whole frame is a few turns of a huge spring, striving to straighten even more, but held by a stretched mesh. The tackle is brought from the transport position to the working position almost instantly: it is enough to remove the hooks-latches, and it itself is pulled out to its full length.
Fishing tackle shops now offer spring tops of all sizes (often sold under the trade name "trap cage"). Often these commercial tackles are equipped with additional enhancements, such as a zip fastener on the side for quick emptying of the catch, or a sewn-in net bait bag, also zipped.
Fishing technique
There are two main types of fishing with tops: with and without bait.
The second method (without bait) is used in the spring and is based on the fact that many fish need hard objects during spawning in order to rub against them, squeezing out eggs and milk. Naturally, for a good catch, you need to know perfectly well where and when the underwater inhabitants of the reservoir of your choice spawn.
However, such fish as pike, crucian carp, carp spawn in the shallows and give away the spawning site with noisy splashes, signaling that the top placed here will not remain without a catch.
Finding a spawning ground, for example, for perch, is much more difficult. L.P.Sabaneev advised in such cases to create artificial spawning grounds, lowering heaps of stones, heaps of brushwood and felled young trees with a tied load to the bottom, and then, with the start of spawning, sweep this artificial spawning ground with nets and put the tops directly between the flooded trees.
Many supporters of fishing exclusively with a fishing rod and spinning are of the opinion that fishing during spawning with netting tools is destructive for the fish population and can very quickly turn any body of water into a fishless desert. But since we have remembered about Sabaneev, it is not superfluous to cite the opinion of the classic on this matter (he certainly cannot be attributed to the apologists of predatory fishing).
“... Fishing during spawning is usually considered harmful for reproduction and unprofitable for proper fisheries, but this opinion in practice - in practice - is far from always true, and, it seems to me, there is no reason to unconditionally prohibit fishing during spawning. Always harmful - in spring and winter - only exterminating methods of catching, when the fish is caught cleanly - adult together with a trifle, when a more or less significant part of the fish dies in vain, for example, when "catching" or catching with a rogue on bare hooks, when fighting with a spear, when Finally, the fish going to the spawning site is blocked by braids, and it is caught in its entirety.
The fish of children does not incubate, does not feed, the number of eggs in it is considered to be thousands and tens of thousands, and therefore preserving fish in the spring cannot have the same meaning with preserving four-legged and feathered game. The whole point is that some part of the eggs is safely spawned, and therefore fishing before spawning is more harmful than during spawning. Some fishing methods even positively contribute to an increase in the number of fish; such is, for example, fishing both with various apex-shaped shells and nets near the rubbing fish arranged for bait and more successful fishing of artificial spawning grounds, rowing, etc., in the form of piled brushwood, spruce branches (spruce forest), heaps of stones. Wooden top-shaped tackle is even in itself a bait for fish, an artificial spawning ground, and under the condition of a more or less prolonged stay under water, a mass of juveniles hatch out of the eggs adhered to the walls of the top.
The validity of this view of the insignificance of harm to spring fishing and the irrationality of its unconditional prohibition can be proved by the fact that the main catch of some fish is carried out precisely during spawning; in some places it is possible only during this period. Pike, for example, is caught mainly in the spring, when it spawns, and shortly thereafter. ”
Well, what else is there to add? In my opinion, it is quite an exhaustive and well-reasoned opinion. However, let's get back to fishing with tops.
The considered method of spring fishing consists in the fact that the top does not lure the fish as a convenient item for freeing from eggs and milk, but stands with an open "throat" in the path of the fish, hurrying to the spawning site, or spawning and returning to their usual habitats. In this case, fishing is no different from fishing with a sleeve or a net without wings (see the relevant sections).
Summer fishing with tops, as already mentioned, is mostly carried out with the use of various lures. The most classic case is fishing in carp ponds, when pieces of dried black or white bread flavored with unrefined (more aromatic) sunflower oil serve as bait. Fishing is the simplest, and there are almost no misfires in it, even if the top is set aside from the places where crucians usually feed - sooner or later they will come up there, attracted by the smell of bait. However, the size of the catch with such fishing is depressing - mainly these are crucians from 30 to 50 g in weight. To catch more carp with tops, the following simple rules should be observed.
First, choose the right body of water. In semi-flowing ponds, where, in addition to crucian carp, predatory fish (perch, pike) live in sufficient numbers, crucian carp almost never go to the top with bait, rarely and accidentally, - on such reservoirs it is worth using other tackle. In ponds, where, in addition to gold, the goldfish is also found, fishing with tops is also not very effective. The fact is that in such a reservoir the goldfish population usually surpasses the goldfish population both in number and size of fish, but large silver carps do not go to the top, only gold and small silver carps come across.
Thus, the best pond for catching crucian carp with tops is inhabited exclusively by golden crucian carp, and not small in size.
Golden crucian carp is very tenacious and can breed in any pit, in a funnel filled with water, but forms a dwarf form there; only a few specimens - the patriarchs of the crucian carp tribe - reach the weight of 150-200 g and more, and it makes no sense to hunt for them. The presence of rotan in the pond (an eternal companion of the crucian carp in our time) does not have a significant effect on fishing with summits, according to my observations. (The sleeper itself rarely and accidentally comes across, mainly rather large specimens of the sleeper enter the fine-meshed vertices, attracted by carp's small change or verkhovka, if it is found in the reservoir.)
Secondly, to catch the head of a large crucian, it is worth covering the tackle with a net with an enlarged mesh (40 mm, in places with very large crucians - 45-50 mm). Then you do not have to waste time scooping out a pile of unnecessary trifles from the top. In this case, the bread bait should be placed at the top in a separate bag, sewn from a fine mesh or tulle, otherwise the bread, when soaked, will float through the large meshes. In addition to bread baits, all kinds of cake are also used.
Thirdly, the summit should not be placed blindly, but in those places where large crucian carp is in the habit of feeding. You can "grope" such places using a fishing rod, best of all at dawn (the bite of a large crucian carp is often short-lived, and an hour or two after dawn in the summer, only a trifle begins to bite). It is possible to determine the feeding places of large crucian carp at night, by ear, - the fish gives out its "canteens" with bursts and chomping, well audible in the silence of the night. If the preliminary exploration of the reservoir failed, it is necessary to set the vertices on the border of dense aquatic vegetation and clean water.
Observing these simple rules, you can achieve stable catches of 2-3 kg of goldfish per day from the top (and quite large, 250-400 g).
The heaviest specimens, over a kilogram, practically do not fall into the tips, and other tackles are used to catch them.
It was said above that the goldfish almost never goes to the top for bread bait. However, as with many other rules, this one also has exceptions.
In the spring (in the North-West of Russia - at the end of April or the beginning of May, depending on the terrain and weather), just emerging from hibernation and hungry goldfish roams around the reservoir in dense flocks in search of food. If such a flock approaches the top, then in just half an hour 30–40 weighty crucians can fill it. After that, the flock departs, and the top again stands for hours without a single fish.
River fishing with lures with summits is no less productive than pond fishing, and, in my opinion, is more interesting - it's boring to fish when you know that there will be only one type of fish in the catch.
For river fishing, the tops of a slightly modified design are used compared to the pond. The net for the tackle is chosen with the smallest possible mesh (such that even the top can not slip through), and a so-called “valve” is placed on the inlet “throat”. The fact is that predatory river fish (burbot, perch, pike, etc.) are not interested in plant bait, but go inside the tackle, attracted by the trifles of carp fish floating in the top: roach, verkhovka, gudgeon.
If fishing is carried out on the current, then the bread attachment is of little use, since it is quickly washed out of the tackle. If they do not fish on the current, but the angler does not have the opportunity to frequently inspect the tackle (at least once every two days), then it is not recommended to use bread for bait either - it sour and scares the fish away. In both cases, oilcakes are used for bait, for lack of them - pieces of sponge or foam rubber soaked in oil. Many anglers believe predators are attracted to aluminum foil, crumpled into fist-sized lumps and placed on top. This opinion has not been confirmed by anything or anyone, but it has not been refuted either. In any case, there will be no harm from the foil placed in the top.
In general, the question of what exactly attracts fish to the summit during summer river fishing requires additional research: sometimes good catches happen without any bait at all. I believe that the tackle itself, even without any bait, lures peaceful fish seeking refuge from predators. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain how tiny perches that are not interested in vegetable baits and are unable, due to their smallness, to hunt for other fish, as well as ruffs, get into the tops. The predators, in turn, try to get to their victims who have taken refuge in the apex and also find themselves in a trap.
Fish that love space and fast flow (asp, salmon, etc.) are rarely found in the tops. In river fishing, tench, roach, perch, pike, burbot, silver bream, white bream, in places ide and rudd usually predominate in catches (in some places these last two fish for some reason do not go to the top). Large bream, due to the shape of its high and seemingly flattened body, usually cannot squeeze into the “throat” of a standard top.
There are tailpipes specially designed for catching bream, with an enlarged "throat" of a special design, but I have never seen them used in the summer. Obviously, large bream in summer is very cautious and loses it only in spring, during spawning.
Top with outer frame
This tackle is quite rare and is used for catching downstream fish in shallow places with a strong current. The frame is very powerful and heavy, welded from water pipes or metal channels or corners. The top is knitted separately from the frame, slightly smaller in size, and then stretched inside, so that the net does not stick out anywhere.
Fishing is carried out similarly to fishing with "sleeves" on the current, only stakes are not used for fastening, the weight of the frame does not allow the tackle to be carried away by the current. Also driftwood floating with the flow and so on are not terrible - the frame beats them to the side, preventing the network from breaking.
Rakolovka-trap
This is the most common small top, usually no more than 80 cm in length and with a hoop no more than 35 cm in diameter, most often it has two entrances. In fact, crayfish, as a by-catch, are quite often caught in tops, traps and similar trap gear.
The trap shellfish differs from the top only in the bait (meat instead of vegetable) and the place of fishing: usually near the shores, abounding in crustacean holes, or near heaps of stones, under which the crayfish like to stay.
The bait (to preserve it from the claws of the fallen crayfish) is enclosed in a bag made of fine-mesh strong mesh, which is attached from the inside to the frame of the tackle. Most often these are all kinds of waste: fish heads, offal, etc.
Muzzle (zhokh, nerot)
The muzzle is the same vertex, but not made of net materials. Until the beginning of the 20th century, willow twigs were the main material for most fishing traps.
For economic reasons: the nets were knitted by hand and were quite expensive, and there were enough craftsmen who could weave a basket or a muzzle out of rods in any village.
Now everything has changed dramatically: net materials are knitted by machines and they have a relatively low cost price, and the labor of craftsmen weaving various products from vines and bast is much more expensive.
And wicker traps have become an anachronism in our time. However, in some places they are still used, so it is worthwhile to briefly talk about fishing with them.
I myself only once in my life tried to build a muzzle out of twigs and reddened. And, in order not to waste time on trifles, he wove a hefty structure - 2.5 m long and 90 cm wide at the mouth. "Throat", bored with weaving, made a shank from a fine mesh net and from it, tied with a rope, so that you could easily shake the catch out.
A single experience, however, fully revealed all the pros and cons of wicker traps. Admittedly, there were many more disadvantages. The weight of the structure with such dimensions turned out to be completely unbearable, several times exceeding the weight of a top or a hemline of the same dimensions. In addition, the tackle had positive buoyancy and had to be loaded, either by placing stones inside, or by hanging numerous lead weights outside (then transportation to other places in the reservoir becomes even more complicated). It was not possible to get the catch in the water, each time it was necessary to pull this weight ashore ... In general, the first experience was also the last.
But it is worth mentioning the advantages of wicker tackle. Firstly, when fishing in the spring in the current, they are not afraid of snags and other fast-floating objects. Secondly, the rods are more durable than the net - the net vertices constantly standing in the water, especially in stagnant ponds, are quickly destroyed under the influence of all kinds of microorganisms.
Finally, according to my observations, some fish (for example, burbot) during spawning are more willing to enter traps made of twigs. And trout from all the traps regularly gets caught exclusively in wicker muzzles (albeit in special conditions: when a fast and shallow trout river swells and becomes cloudy from heavy rains, and the fish seeks refuge, hiding under stones, under washed-out banks, in the roots of coastal trees and etc.).
Due to the laboriousness of weaving, ready-made baskets are often used for the manufacture of muzzles - for example, a cylindrical braid removed from forty-liter bottles from under chemical reagents, the "throat" of the tackle in such cases is usually made with a net.
In some places, frameless muzzles made from scrap materials are common. For example, a rectangular piece of metal mesh (not chain-link) is rolled up in the form of a cylinder, the seam is fastened in three or four places with aluminum or copper wire. Two tapered “necks” cut from the same mesh are inserted into the cylinder - and a tackle is obtained, which is somewhat inferior to the net top, but significantly surpasses it in durability and ease of manufacture.
Separately, it should be said about the miniature muzzles made of plastic beer or lemonade bottles (volume 1.5–2 liters), used to catch live baits. Such a tackle is made in a matter of minutes, and the material for manufacturing is lying along the banks of frequently visited reservoirs in abundance.
The upper, tapering part is cut straight from the bottle, turned over and inserted inside in the manner of a "throat", a sufficient number of holes are pierced in the resulting tackle with the tip of a knife, a load is tied to the side - and the muzzle is ready.
The bait is bread, and the catch is dominated by verkhovki and small minnows. In winter, when it is difficult to catch live bait in other ways, it is very convenient to lower 2-3 bottles, converted into traps, into the holes. In summer, you can use larger bottles for the same purposes, from under drinking water (5–6 liters or more).
The firecracker
This is also a type of muzzle used exclusively for catching lampreys.
The material for the production is wood veneer plates in the form of a strongly elongated triangle, mounted on a wooden conical frame with a gap between the edges of the plates no more than 0.5 cm. The size of the tackle is small: 2530 cm in diameter, 60–70 cm in length, the diameter of the inlet 4–5 cm. The removable neck (slightly less than half the length of the tackle) is also made of veneer.
Lampreys are exhibited in a ford, on shallow and rather fast places of the river, with their throats downstream. In this case, the shanks of ten firemen are tied to a strong nylon cord stretched between the stakes driven into the bottom. In order to prevent the fireworms with positive buoyancy from floating up, they are sometimes encased by nailing strips of sheet lead with small nails (outside, to the hoops of the frame). But much more often, a sufficient number of small stones picked up on the shore are simply placed inside the tackle.
Amateurs use lampreys quite rarely - in order to get a decent catch, you need to display dozens of these simple tackles, which is strictly prohibited by the fishing rules.
Lamprey never gets caught on hooks and slips through the meshes of the nets, but it is highly valued for its taste: fried and then pickled lampreys are a real delicacy. Therefore, in the North-West of Russia, a simple but gambling catch of lampreys stuck to the stones with their hands is widespread (with their hands stretched over their hand, due to the high slipperiness of the prey, by cutting off a nylon stocking).
GRAPPING EQUIPMENT
Exciting net fishing gear includes hoists of all types and types, saki and basting, as well as casting (cap) nets. Overhead tackle is a kind of exciting, characterized in that the net that captures the fish falls from above, and does not rise from below or does not approach from the side.
Fishing with exciting tools is much more interesting and reckless than with traps, since it requires the indispensable participation of the angler in the process of catching fish, and the results largely depend on his skill. I would even risk incurring the righteous wrath of anglers and spinners, who categorically reject any net tackle, saying: fishing, for example, with a casting net requires much more skill and athletic training than angling.
Perhaps only fly fishing can compare in the degree of difficulty with this fishing. But there is no point in arguing with fanatical supporters of the fishing rod, all the same, everyone will remain unconvinced, so let's move on to considering some exciting tackle.
Lifts
All saki are called lifts, which, when taken out, move vertically upward, capturing the fish that swam over them.
Lifts are invented by ingenious fishermen of many types and types, they differ in size, mesh, the size of the sag of the net and the methods of lifting. According to the type of frame to which the net is attached, this type of tackle can be divided into two large groups: "spider" hoists and hoists with a rigid rim. The exception is the so-called "cradle", which has no frame at all.
The general view of the classic lift - "spider" is shown in Fig. 10. The net is placed on it without sag or with the smallest sag.
However, at the moment of rapid lifting, the legs of the "spider", bent out of a thin and flexible steel bar, bend even more because of the resistance of the water and the weight of the caught fish, and the netting sags.
Rice. 10. Classic lift - "spider" with four legs at the time of lifting - the net sags from the resistance of the water and the weight of the fish
For better capture of fish swimming in the water column or on the surface, sometimes vertical walls from a net with a height of 10–20 cm are attached along the perimeter of the "spider". For catching bottom fish such as burbot, ruff, gudgeon, such an improvement does not make any sense ...
The sizes of "spiders" are very different. They come in from 1 x 1 m (the so-called "fishermen") to 3 x 3 m. The larger the tackle, the easier it is to capture large and strong fish into it, but it cannot be increased indefinitely - the decreasing lifting speed will negate all the benefits of the increased area, and catches will drop. In addition, a large "spider" requires much more physical effort to catch.
"Spiders" are lifted out of the water in different ways. Small and medium-sized ones pull out, fingering the rope with their hands. This method is common when fishing from bridges, piers, etc. When fishing from the shore or a boat, a light, durable pole of greater or lesser length is used.
The largest lifts are taken out using special devices: either these are poles ending in a rotating block through which a rope is passed, or structures resembling a well "crane" - a long boom, hinged on a support dug into the shore, with a heavy counterweight at the short end ...
The net on the "spider" is usually set with a medium-sized mesh, no more than 20-25 mm, except for those cases when the tackle is focused on catching exceptionally large fish, such as bream. But in most cases, "spiders" (at least in the Leningrad region) use the same tackle during the spring and autumn course of different fish, including small ones (smelt, vendace, dace), therefore, most often the net is used with small (10 –16 mm) mesh.
Sometimes, to make the net less noticeable at the bottom and create less resistance when lifting, it is made of monofilament (fishing line), but such "spiders" are less durable.
Seat selection
The bottom should be flat, horizontal or slightly sloping. Usually they catch from year to year in the same chosen places, but nevertheless, before starting fishing, it does not interfere with checking the bottom with a hook or an anchor-cat, and if any foreign objects brought in during an ice drift or flood are found, remove them.
It is necessary to catch where the fish going for spawning or rolling down is delayed, concentrated: at any obstacles that sharply narrow the river bed, at old and operating (if permitted by the rules) hydraulic structures, in creeks with a slow circular current adjacent to rapids, - there the fish usually rests, gaining strength before storming the fast current.
Since the construction of permanent barriers (stabs, bindings) is almost universally prohibited, it makes sense to install temporary barriers (tie a wing from a fathom or a fine-mesh gill net on stakes), but it should be borne in mind that where the installation of such barriers is allowed, they should overlap no more than 2 / 3 the width of the river, while leaving the deepest part of it (fairway) free.
Most often, fishing is carried out blindly, with a regular (more or less frequent) lifting of the tackle, since even at shallow depths it is difficult to see prey caught in the "spider" in the muddy spring water. When small fish go in dense schools, this method of fishing is fully justified. But for large fish, which rarely enter the "spider", a rather ingenious method has been invented, the so-called "fishing with iron".
A large square sheet of tin is taken that is larger than the lift (or several smaller sheets are joined together), painted white with waterproof paint and pressed tightly to the bottom with heavy stones placed in the corners. The "spider" naturally descends so that its net lies on the painted sheet.
At a depth of up to 1 m (sometimes more, depending on the turbidity of the water), the fisherman can distinguish the silhouette of a large fish against a white background and sharply raises the tackle when the prey is as close to the center of the "spider" as possible. In this way, it is possible to catch even such cautious fish as large trout and salmon, which are very rarely caught when fishing blindly. And fishing itself is becoming much more interesting and exciting.
By the way, fishing is based on the same principle with small "spiders", to which, instead of an ordinary net, a canvas of white window tulle is suspended: the fisherman sees a fish (mainly gudgeons) enter the white cloth, scummer.
In addition, fishing is carried out directly at the spawning grounds - here "spiders" are used already of smaller sizes (up to 1.5 x 1.5 m, in rare cases up to 2 x 2 m) and are raised with a simple pole, without blocks and "cranes" ... Naturally, you can only fish those species of fish that prefer to spawn in shallow water: crucian carp, carp, pike, etc.
Usually a catcher in a rubber suit carefully enters the thickets of underwater or flooded vegetation, where the fish "rubs", quietly lowers the "spider" into the water and quickly lifts it up, as soon as he sees that the fish has begun to play and splash over it. The water on the spawning grounds is already clear enough, so the longer the pole (that is, the farther the "spider" is from the angler), the more chances of success. Although pikes, even of a fair size, can come up to the very feet of the fisherman, if he stands motionless, without moving.
In summer, after the end of spawning, "spiders" are used much less often, as a rule, mainly where the fish accumulate naturally: at the spillways of dams, etc. A separate topic is summer fishing with a "spider" with bait, and more about it will be described in the section "Spider" with a call ".
Rigid frame hoist
The frame for such a lift is either round or square. The net is placed with a greater slack than on the "spider", since during lifting the lift frame remains stationary and the sag does not increase (see Fig. 11).
Rice. eleven... Round frame hoist with load ring
The methods of use are similar to fishing with "spiders", but there is also a significant difference: a lift with a rigid frame can be used in a stronger current than a "spider" - so that it does not lie horizontally on the bottom, but is at an angle, touching the bottom with one with its edge.
In semi-flowing ponds, where verkhovka is found in abundance, it is caught in huge quantities in winter, from under the ice, with small round lifts (60–70 cm in diameter) with a frequent net, cutting through lanes of the corresponding diameter.
Fishing lift
This tackle and this method of fishing arose as a result of a reluctance to violate fishing rules and at the same time achieve good results when fishing with a lift of permitted, more than modest sizes.
The fact is that the fishing rules that had been in force for many years in the Leningrad Region allowed fishing with a hoist with a mesh of 10 mm and a mesh size of no more than 1 × 1 m.The catch rate was set not in kilograms, but in pieces - no more than 50 per catcher and tackle ...
Presumably, the people who wrote the rules reasonably assumed that with such a tackle it was difficult to catch something more serious than a gudgeon or a small roach. But, as the wise oriental people said, a samurai should not depend on the length of his sword.
And the angler, accordingly, depends on the size of his lift.
The construction is made quite simply: a round steel bar 3.2–3.4 m long and 6–8 mm in diameter is carefully sanded and covered in 2–3 layers with a dark waterproof paint. Then a square with a side of 80–85 cm is bent from a bar. A square piece of net 1 x 1 m with a mesh of 10 mm is put on and evenly straightened. The ends of the bar are connected (inserted into a piece of aluminum tube 5–6 cm long and with a corresponding inner diameter).
Rice. 12. 1 - pole; 2 - slings; 3 4 - network
You can make the frame collapsible, from four rods connected by corners from the same tube. For reliability, the edges of the mesh are sewn to the rim with a nylon twisted cord with a diameter of 1.5 mm. Slings are attached to the corners of the rim, each with a length of about 1 m. Since the slings must have some rigidity, it is better to make them not from a cord, but from copper insulated wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm (slings made of aluminum wire are too brittle, and from steel - too springy). At the top, the slings are connected together and securely fastened with a short (10-15 cm) rope to a four-meter pole, preferably well dried and light.
The tackle is ready, but it is not so easy to catch good fish with it, the usual methods of catching with a hoist will not bring success.
Choosing a place and time
Fishing is carried out on small rivers and streams, but you need to choose them carefully: small tributaries of large rivers not far from the place of confluence, streams flowing into lakes rich in fish, are suitable.
Small rivers are very good, which they block with dams for agricultural purposes (for example, for irrigation), forming small reservoirs: the water level in such reservoirs constantly fluctuates, the banks are often bare clay slopes, on which, due to the constant change in water level, neither aquatic or terrestrial vegetation. As a result, fish, accustomed to spawning on coastal vegetation, do not find a place for spawning, in many cases they go upstream in search of convenient spawning grounds and find themselves in a narrow and shallow river.
Also of interest are the narrow and shallow upper reaches of the rivers, on which there are pools rich in fish a few kilometers downstream.
The time for fishing must be chosen no less carefully than the place, otherwise only fish permanently living in the river, usually medium-sized, will come across. The first to rise to the very upper reaches of the Yazi (their course occurs only in the upper reaches or on small tributaries of large and medium-sized rivers), fleeing the muddy water. It is difficult to name the calendar dates of this course, they not only differ depending on the specific place, but in the same water body can shift by 2-3 weeks in one direction or another, depending on whether the spring is early or late. But the ide always rises very early, when the ice drift continues on the big river.
The pike begins its ascent to the spawning grounds later, sometimes its movement against the current coincides with the rolling of the ide, but more often a period of time passes between them. It should be borne in mind that the pike is not inclined to long spawning journeys, and the more places suitable for spawning downstream of the river, the less pike rises to the upper reaches. The inverse relationship is also true. For example, if the winter was snowless and in the spring the water in the lake did not rise, did not flood the coastal lowlands, then in the streams flowing into the lake, you can count on an excellent catch of pike.
However, I know one large pond, very rich in grass pike, but all attempts to catch it in the spring in a narrow rivulet that forms the pond were unsuccessful: the spillway kept the same water level in the pond every spring, and the pike habitually spawned from year to a year in local spawning grounds, without undertaking spring travel.
The roach begins its course a little later than the pike, but in the catches (when fishing with a running lift) it adjoins it much more often than the pike with ide. Roach rises very high, sometimes in such narrow upper reaches that it cannot find suitable quiet backwaters for spawning, and roach that has not spawned can be caught there at the end of May, even in June, and the caviar in the latter case begins to dissolve.
The perch begins its course even later than the roach. It is never massive and regular - usually individual flocks of 3-4 caviar humpbacks and a dozen medium-sized milkmen rise upstream. This is explained by the fact that the perch spawns at a greater depth and does not seek to find warmed up shallow backwaters, like pike or roach; its spring course against the current is associated not with the search for spawning grounds, but with the desire to leave the muddy water for the clean one.
Dace knocks into streams and upper reaches very amicably, in dense flocks. Unfortunately, I had to deal with this move a few times (on the streams flowing into Narva) and failed to deduce any regularities.
Sometimes, not every year, into streams and tributaries in huge flocks rises from the ponds rich in it. The water is just teeming with silvery fish; Once, for the sake of interest, I counted the Verkhovki that got into the lift at one time, there were almost four hundred of them, and some of the fish managed to escape through the 10-mm mesh. Naturally, such a mass of trash fish only interferes with fishing, and almost does not allow fishing enthusiasts to fish, immediately grabbing any attachment, except for the largest. Following the verkhovka, perches and squints feeding on it rise, which have not grown to spawning age.
Breams, chubs, ruffs, burbots, minnows do not travel to the tributaries in spring. True, I know one narrow forest rivulet that connects two lakes rich in bream; in the spring, bream filled with caviar regularly come across in it, but this is rather an exception to the rule.
Fishing tactics
So, let's say you are in the very upper reaches of the river - a turbid stream 2-3 m wide and less than a meter deep is streaming and seething in front of you. There is enough fish, and it splashes! But if the width of the river is five times the width of the tackle, it is not so easy to get the fish to enter the lift ...
You have to fish not from the shore, just for a swim, and a rubber suit is an indispensable accessory for fishing. To begin with, the catcher enters the water, choosing a shallow river with a sandy or clay bottom, and without unnecessary noise begins to stir up the water with his feet. Sometimes this technique is not required, but in general the water in the upper reaches clarifies quickly enough, becoming too transparent for successful fishing. When fishing at night (more effective than day fishing, but not universally applicable), you do not need to stir up the water.
Having achieved that the water 10-15 m downstream becomes absolutely opaque, they begin to fish. It consists in the almost simultaneous performance of two techniques.
First, the lift is thrown almost close to the shore downstream of the place where the catcher is, and so that the tackle does not lie horizontally, but stands at an angle: one side of the square frame touches the bottom, the other is as close to the water surface as possible , or even slightly protrudes above it. The lines are in a taut position, and the fisherman constantly monitors and controls the position of the tackle. The travel lift works most efficiently when its frame is at an angle of 45 °, that is, at a depth of 50-60 cm.
Secondly, simultaneously with the casting of the tackle, the fisherman begins to catch fish into it. Both hands are busy, so it is impossible to use something like the well-known "booties", you have to scare the fish standing under the shore with your feet: splash noisily with your boots, turn over the pitfalls, etc.
Synchronizing these two techniques is the key to success. The mechanics here are as follows: during vigorous casting, the lift sinks into the water quite noisily and scares away the fish standing nearby. The one that rushed downstream is not of interest to us yet - perhaps she will be caught in subsequent fishing cycles. But the one that rushed towards the fisherman should be directed straight into the lift.
I said that both the cast and the surge are performed almost simultaneously. “Almost” in this case means that there is a short pause between them, sufficient for the lower edge of the tackle to touch the bottom, and the current would stretch the sagging of the net, but during this time the fish rushing upstream should not have time to slip past the fisherman.
The ability to feel this pause is given exclusively with experience. A person who first picks up a lift for running fishing often makes one mistake after another and is amazed looking at the specialists of this fishing, who get their prey from the net after each lift.
Frightening and catching the fish into the lift, the fisherman simultaneously makes several steps forward, and when half the distance to the lift has been passed, he lifts the tackle with a sharp movement of the pole. Hits on the net of pikes and ides (weighing 400 g and more) are well felt by the fisherman, and in this case, the tackle must be lifted immediately. If a fairly large fish splashed on the surface near the lift (most often a pike rises upward), you also need to immediately pull the pole up, in most cases the prey will be in the net.
Having taken out the fish from the net, it is necessary to immediately continue fishing further downstream, until the frightened and dashing down fish came to their senses and began to rise, passing by the fisherman standing near the shore.
It is most difficult to catch ide in this way - the fish is very sensitive and cautious, swiftly swimming and, moreover, prone to aerial acrobatics. It is extremely offensive when a large ide performs a somersault in the air, jumping out of a lift that was almost taken out of the water, flops into the river and leaves. Sometimes, especially if the water is almost level with the banks, the fish after the jump falls not into the river, but onto the shore, here the fisherman should not yawn, but quickly cover the ide with the tackle taken out of the water, otherwise the second jump will return the fish to its native element.
If after the first experiments it became clear that ide predominates in a river or stream, then the fishing tactics are slightly changed: the hoist is thrown as far as possible, along the entire length of the pole, and raised faster than usual, frightening the fish with just one or two splashes of boots, for a cautious ide quite enough.
Another way of catching sensitive fish is also possible: the lift is not thrown noisily near the shore, but quietly descends closer to the middle of the river, to the rapids; then it is necessary to allow the current to carry it down, holding it with a pole, quietly and carefully bring it to the shore, and only then start the surge.
When fishing for pike and roach, such tricks are superfluous. But the roach is more careful than the toothy predator, and to catch it, you need to raise the tackle a little earlier, otherwise the roach hitting the net will have time to jump out of it. The pike is not so shy and sometimes stubbornly does not want to go to the lift, rushes underfoot (the blows of its hard snout are well felt through the rubber fabric of the suit), sometimes jumping out to the surface. And if fishing is focused specifically on the pike, then the surge is longer and noisy, and the tackle is raised when there are two or three steps left to it.
Sometimes it happens that after walking a hundred meters along the river, the fisherman is not at all happy with the catch: small roach and squint, gudgeon and char - in general, a local, resident fish, constantly keeping in the upper reaches. In this case, it makes sense to continue fishing, but go faster, not so carefully catching the places you like - it often happens that the fish's course has just begun, and it did not have time to reach this place.
Once I caught the first pike, only after walking about two kilometers from the place where I started fishing, but then the predators began to come across one after another.
If there is still no spawning course, then it is worth catching local fish only if burbot is found in the river. This fish is a homebody, leads a sedentary life, and at the same time, even in small pools and barrels of the upper reaches, it reaches quite decent sizes. The tactics of catching burbot are strikingly different from the methods applied to the ide - the lift is lowered into the water as close as possible to the fisherman (the burbot does not react to its splash at all), and the surge is carried out for a very long time and carefully: every pitfall is turned over, the fish is driven out from under shores washed away by water, from under the roots of coastal bushes and trees, etc. The impact on the hoist of a burbot, even a large one, is almost never felt, it is obvious that it swims not too fast and is in no hurry to leave the hoist network (perhaps mistaking it for suitable temporary underwater shelter).
It is convenient to fish with a hoist for two people: one catcher walks along the right bank, the other on the left, and both must synchronize casts and surges if possible.
When fishing alone, you have to go in a zigzag, from one bank to another, trying, if not to catch, then at least drive down all the fish standing under the banks. The whirlpools more than a meter deep on the way should be passed without fishing, only frightening the fish - during the lifting of the tackle from such a depth, the fish has time to leave the net of a small area. Whirlpools, exceeding the height of the rubber suit in their depth, are bypassed along the coast. Naturally, it is better to fish on well-known ponds, and on new ones, be extremely careful, even to the detriment of the catch.
A rubber suit for fishing must be chosen very carefully. Boots and rubber pants glued to them, during a surge, constantly come into collision with stones, snags and other underwater objects, and it is very easy to damage a low-quality (too thin) suit. The lower part of the chemical protection suit is not suitable for such fishing, rarely withstanding more than one or two fishing trips. In any case, when fishing, it is useful to have a bicycle first aid kit with you in order to be able to quickly patch up the hole - the icy spring water flowing inside the suit can fundamentally ruin fishing.
This fishing is interesting and reckless, but very difficult, requiring not only considerable physical strength, but also a good knowledge of the reservoir and the habits of underwater inhabitants. However, those who managed to master it never complain about the catches.
"Parachute"
Some fishermen also call a casting cap net "parachute", but now we will talk about a hoist with the same name, designed for fishing on rivers with a sufficiently strong current, where it is difficult to use conventional hoists, since the water flow does not allow the tackle to lie quietly on the bottom. The “parachute” differs in that it does not lie at the bottom, but stands at an angle, only touching it with one edge of the hoop. The second difference is that the network sag is much greater than that of classic lifts. Thus, the "parachute" is something intermediate between the hoist and the sack (Fig. 13).
Rice. 12. Lift for running fishing: 1 - pole; 2 - slings; 3 - steel bar frame; 4 - network
A hoop for tackle is used with a sufficiently large diameter (2–2.5 m) and is bent from a thick metal bar about 20 mm thick (corrugated reinforcement is often used). It is never made collapsible and, in the absence of one bar, it is bent from several, reliably welded.
Four steel wire slings are attached to the hoop, and they are made of different lengths, so that the tackle suspended in the air hangs at an angle of 45 °. The rope, tied to the junction of the lines, is taken very thick (25 mm), sometimes even thicker, necessarily braided, and not twisted. Of course, its strength is excessive for the weight of the tackle and catch, but they raise the "parachute" without any devices, fingering the rope with their hands, and with a small thickness of the rope it is difficult to do it quickly.
The net is woven from a thin cord, otherwise driftwood, and sometimes even stones, carried by a strong current, will tear it very quickly. It is easy to understand that as a result of the use of solid materials, the "parachute" is distinguished by a fair amount of weight, and if we take into account the resistance of the fast current (and on the other, "parachutists" do not catch), then it is clear that it is possible to successfully handle the tackle only with considerable physical strength, women and adolescents are not allowed to become parachutists.
For catching small fish "parachute" is not used, the mesh cells are woven from 50 mm (for damp) to 80–90 mm (for salmon). It is these two anadromous fish that are the main objects of catching "parachutes", at least in those areas of the Leningrad region, where I happened to observe the activities of "parachutists". As a by-catch, bream and burbot are caught, less often - pike and catfish, very rarely in exceptional cases - chub and asp.
Moreover, a fish is caught, not only rolling downstream, but also rising up, although it would seem that it should just pass the "parachute". Obviously, the fact is that even such a strong fish as salmon does not swim constantly in one direction when climbing, and at times, on the fastest stream, rolls back in order to rest and gain strength, and at the same time the rollback comes across to "parachutists".
They usually catch from bridges, and they choose places on them where the water around the support flows especially quickly. Sometimes, on relatively shallow and fast rifts, so-called "parachute towers" are erected - structures welded from thick pipes, on four support legs, with a platform for the fisherman at the top. This design is no different from the "platforms" used for fishing carp and other large and cautious fish in the feeding places.
Fishing with a "parachute" of large fish is not done blindly, since a blow, for example, of a salmon on a net is very well felt by the hand holding the rope (the rope, of course, is constantly pulled by the force of the current, and its free end is tied to the railing of the bridge so as not to accidentally miss the tackle ).
When fishing for damp, the capture is not felt every time, but mostly when at least 3-4 fish get into the net, so from time to time the tackle is taken out of the water and examined. It is characteristic that burbot, even the largest, does not flutter at all, having fallen into a "parachute", and does not try to get out of the net, so sometimes the catchers take it, especially at night, for a stone, snag or a bunch of seaweed and, only by raising the tackle to the railing bridge, be sure of the error.
Since the "parachute" is a heavy, cumbersome, non-separable and inconvenient to move tackle, it is mainly used for local fishing, those who have places near the house that are convenient for fishing, they catch there.
Fishing (on the rivers of the Leningrad Region) is divided into spring-summer, from the end of April to mid-June, and autumn, from mid-September until the fall of the autumn flood, and these two periods are timed, respectively, to the movement of salmon and salmon fish from the Gulf of Finland. Moreover, with the return flow of the water, often delaying until the end of June, fishing by "parachutes" may not take place if the spring flood has already subsided.
However, if summer floods occur after heavy rains, then two or three catchers with their tackles are always on duty at the places that are popular with "parachutists", ready to give the message to colleagues in case of successful catches.
It is during summer floods that medium (1–2 kg) bream is caught in the “parachutes”, the flocks of which are driven from summer camps by the intensified current and wander along the river in search of new convenient places; at other times this fish avoids rapids.
"Spider" with a bell
I myself have never caught this tackle, as well as seen its use by other fishermen. However, in my opinion, it is of a certain interest, therefore I am borrowing an abbreviated description from the book of N. M. Mikhailov "Fishing" ("L.", 1956).
A "spider" with a bell is, at first glance, a somewhat strange structure. It is a combination of a "spider" with hooked underlays, an additional cord and a bell attached to a pole (see Fig. 14).
Rice. fourteen."Spider" with a call ( but) general form: 1 - a ring of a signal cord; 2 - passage ring; 3 - ring-limiter; 4 - leashes; 5 - a ring for skipping a leash; 6 - crosspiece; 7 - hooks with baits; 8 - rim; 9 - bell; ( b) - at the time of lifting
Fishing with the usual round spider net is not new. It is practiced mainly during the stroke of spawning fish. Local fish in the middle of summer are almost never caught with such traps, and if they do, it is mostly small change in pits near dams and in other similar places. However, the "spider" can be caught in the summer, and very successfully, but for this it needs to be replenished with something.
As you know, the "spider" net consists of a net with a small sag, sewn to the metal rim, a cross, a cord tied in the center of the cross, and a long pole with a block at the upper end. The cord coming from the spider's cross is tucked into the groove of the block, and its free end is in the hands of the angler.
Such a net-"spider" is lowered from the shore or from a boat to the bottom of the reservoir, wait 5-10 minutes and, quickly fingering the cord, raise the net to the surface. The fish that gets into it, which at the moment of lifting the net-"spider" is in the water above the net.
To catch large fish with a "spider", you need to act with bait for it. To do this, the cross of the net must be made of thick wire in the form of arcs (Fig. 14), the intersection of which is 50–60 cm from the rim. On each arch of the cross, 15–20 cm from their intersection, small loops of soft wire must be made ... A thin vein leash up to 1.5 m long is passed into each such loop. Small hooks are tied to the lower ends of the leashes, and the upper ends of the leashes are inserted into a through-ring, attached tightly to the main cord, and tied to a ring of the signal cord. The signal cord is connected to the bell.
Before you start fishing with a “bell spider”, you should, if possible, measure the depth at the place of the intended fishing, since the hooks with lures should be raised 10–20 cm above the bottom level.
To avoid the hassle of determining the depth of the reservoir, a limiter is placed on one of the leashes (slightly below the passage ring) - a metal ring, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the passage ring. The stopper is tied to the leash and prevents the hooks from rising above a certain level.
When lowering the net to the bottom, the signal cord is also released at the same time. As soon as the net lies on the bottom, which can be seen by unwinding the main cord, a signal cord is tied to the bell with a slight stretch. A light touch of one of the four baits is enough to make the bell ring. Then you should quickly raise the net, in which there will almost always be one, two, or even more fish.
The bait over the net should be placed with the expectation of different types of fish. In this way, it is better to fish in places of constant bait at a depth of 5 m and always in open places, away from the coast, so that little things do not fall into the net.
"Cradle"
This is a rather primitive type of lift that can be made very quickly, especially since it does not require a networked web.
The material is a woven metal mesh (the chain-link is not suitable), which has a certain reserve of rigidity. A square piece of net with a mesh of 5 to 20 mm is taken, the sizes vary from 0.5 x 0.5 m for catching fry with a nozzle to 1.5 x 1.5 m for larger fish (large tackle is too heavy to lift) ...
It is better to choose a mesh made of wire that is less susceptible to corrosion - galvanized, stainless, etc.
The workpiece is bent so that its corners rise up, and the middle is depressed. No rim or feet are needed - four rods are attached directly to the corners of the net, tied together at the top and tied to the cord. A few minutes of work - and the fishing gear is ready!
Fishing is carried out either as a conventional lift, or the "cradle" is thrown into the reservoir for several meters and stretched not vertically, but at an angle of 40-50 °.
Rakolovka
This is the most primitive lift with a round hoop of 50–70 cm and a medium sag of the net, used for catching crayfish. Set overnight and checked regularly, a meat lure is attached to the center of the net.
Lifting net
When fishing for large fish from bridges and from high embankments, where it is difficult to use an ordinary landing net even with a long handle, it is very useful to have at least one lift for several fishermen with a net up to 1.5 x 1.5 m, constantly lowered into the water.
Having tired the caught fish, you can not lift it up on the fishing line (often this operation ends in failure), but put it on a lift and get it out of the water with its help. If fishing is carried out with live bait, then the lift at the same time performs the functions of a scarecrow.
Basting and saki
Saki- fish-gripping tools with a large sag of the net - are used when catching anadromous fish (for example, smelt in the Neva) or large fish in deep pits, whirlpools, and so on (for example, bream for feeding). The saka net is attached to a round hoop, crosspiece, rectangular frame, or to a pole with a spear or crossbar at the end - the last version of the saka is called basting.
Basting- tackle, known from ancient times, and to this day it remains the most famous and widely used of all Saks. The classic, still described by Aksakov and Sabaneev, the outline consists of a net bag (the so-called motny), a pole-handle and a triangular frame; one of its sides is a crossbar; the other two are a tightly stretched cord pulled through the extreme mesh of the net and attached to a pole (see Fig. 15, a). For the convenience of transporting the tackle, the pole is usually cut down at the fishing site.
Rice. fifteen. Classic basting: ( but) - an option for active fishing: 1 - pole; 2 - the place of attachment of the cord; 3 - cord; 4 - motnya; 5 - crossbar; ( b) - option for passive fishing with an emphasis on the bottom
Fishing is usually carried out on rivers with steep banks during spring floods: the basting is lowered flat into the water, then the fisherman pulls it towards him, fingering the pole with his hands, and captures the fish standing near the shore with a net.
On small rivers with sloping banks, they fish in a different, passive way: choosing a narrow place with a strong current, the pole rests against the bottom and waits for a fish rolling down into the net. Movement in the skein of a large fish caught in the basting is usually felt by the hand during such catch; the presence of a small one is checked by regular lifting of the tackle or a thin line is tied to the net with a windmill, fixed with the other end to the angler's finger. With both methods, night fishing is more successful.
Sometimes the basting for passive fishing is collected in a slightly modernized form (see Fig. 15 b): the pointed end of the pole protrudes below the crossbar, and the cord is attached to it so that an asymmetrical triangle is formed. Such a tackle is much easier to hold in a strong current by sticking the pointed end of the pole into a sandy or clay bottom and standing on the side, on the shore.
They catch both of these species in summer, often together: one catcher holds the tackle, and the other drives the fish out of reeds or sedges, from algae, from under stones and washed up banks.
With outlines of slightly larger sizes with a stronger net, they catch carp in small ponds heavily overgrown with algae that do not have windows of clean water: they pull a large amount of aquatic vegetation to the shore, and then choose fish from this green pile.
You have to fish together, alone, stuffed with ooze and algae, you can hardly lift the motnya. Crucian carp with this method of fishing comes across mostly medium-sized.
Much more interesting is the running fishing with a small outline, described below.
Basting for running fishing
This outline is somewhat more complicated than the usual one. The net is pulled not over the crossbar and cord, but over a frame, usually of a pentagonal shape, which is not attached directly to the pole, but at an angle. The value of the angle depends on the length of the pole, the height of the angler and on the fishing conditions, and is finally regulated right on the pond.
The frame is bent from a steel bar at least 3 m long and 8 mm in diameter, and the steel is chosen so that it can be bent and unbend many times without risking breaking. A bar that is too hard must be annealed at both ends, to a length of at least 40 cm.Then a frame is made from the bar (see Fig. 16 page 112), so that in its upper part there are free ends of a bar with a length of at least 30 cm for fastening to the pole.
Rice. sixteen. Basting for underwater fishing and its position on the bottom
The minimum dimensions of the frame: width - 50 cm, height to the point of attachment to the pole - 60 cm. The maximum dimensions are limited by the physical capabilities of the angler and the fishing rules that establish the permitted sizes of saks.
But even a very strong fisherman, fishing in the conditions of complete liberalism of the rules, should not fall into the sin of gigantomania: too much basting during running fishing will more often catch on pitfalls and driftwood than fish.
The netting bag (roll) is usually sewn from a net with a mesh of 10 mm; for large basting, a larger mesh is possible. The length of the windrow in the state stretched over the frame must be at least 1.5 m for the above minimum dimensions, and with their increase, it must increase proportionally. The shape of the motny should be a very elongated and compressed cone at the end, so that a large fish caught in the motny and first trying to squeeze further, then could not turn around and swim away from the tackle.
Motnya is pulled onto the frame (the bar is passed into the extreme row of cells) and straightened, and the free ends of the frame are fixed with a temporary tie made of several turns of wire (the distance between the ends must exactly correspond to the thickness of the previously prepared pole). Then the motny is sewn to the frame with a nylon cord. After that, it remains only to strengthen the basting on the pole (most often it is wound with thick aluminum or copper wire) and bend the frame at the desired angle, so that when the end of the pole is in the angler's hands in the most convenient position for quick lifting, and the lower edge of the frame lies on the ground, the frame itself would remain in an upright position.
A basting made in the way described above is practically non-separable (although, of course, you can tie it to a pole cut down at the place of fishing every time) and is more suitable for fishing near the house.
Therefore, some, more advanced and skilled anglers: make modernized basting - with a telescopic aluminum pole, with a frame made of a thin aluminum tube and a mechanism that allows you to fix various angles of the frame. Naturally, it is much more convenient to transport such a basting, and it is also easier to catch it from the point of view of physical activity.
The only condition that should be observed is not to make a collapsible frame. When fishing, it experiences very large loads and quickly breaks at the joints.
The process of fishing is very similar to running fishing with a hoist (see above), so there is no point in describing the choice of place and time separately. The fisherman (after preliminary stirring up the water) uses the same described cycle: cast - pause - surge - rise, constantly being in motion and going downstream along the bank of a river or stream. The only difference is that it is not so easy for the fish to jump out of the basting as from the lift, and therefore the surge stage can be extended, coming almost close to the frame - as a result, in one lift of the tackle, you can catch both a swift ide and a slow-witted burbot. which rarely happens when fishing with a hoist.
When choosing which of these tackle, similar in action - with a bump or with a lift - it is better to walk along the upper reaches of the river at the time of the fish's movement, the following considerations should be taken into account:
basting allows you to catch larger fish over 5 kg in weight;
retrieving small fish from the narrow end of the basting roll takes much longer - you need to put the tackle on the shore and turn it inside out, but just reach out to the lift;
in the same way, it takes much more time to free the outline from the accumulated debris: the remains of aquatic plants, small stones and other things that have rotted during the winter, and when fishing on the go, the catch is directly proportional to the distance traveled along the river, that is, unnecessary waste of time is useless.
Conclusion: for catching fish that are not large and walking in dense schools (roach, dace), a lift is more suitable, and it is better to catch large and not so often caught fish with a basting.
Fishing with a running outline is one of the most sporty types of fishing with netting tools (I can imagine the reaction of fishing rod and spinning fans to such a statement). Nevertheless, the fact remains that good catches require extraordinary physical training, masterly possession of tackle and excellent knowledge of the reservoir and fish habits. Perhaps, in a sporting respect, above fishing with a rough outline is only fishing with a casting net, to which we turn.
The classic of fishing literature Sabaneev described (rather fluently) three cap tackles:
1. kosh, a kind of rigid basket, thrown from above on a large fish standing in the grass (in our days, in my opinion, kosh is no longer used anywhere);
2. a little girl that matches the modern casting network;
3. Tutorial - in some places this tackle is still used under the local names "lampshade" and "toptukha".
Be that as it may, at the present time the dominant place in this family of fishing tackle is occupied by the casting net - a sporting and prey tool, but rather difficult to master.
Casting (ring) network
This tackle has many local names: a cape, a cape, a basting, a snatch, a parachute (not to be confused with a “parachute-tom” -lift), it was first described in the century before last, in the classic work of L.P. Sabaneev under the title "Baby". Oddly enough, amateurs of casting net fishing and especially specialists in this fishing are quite rare in our country. There are many reasons for this. Historically, for a long time fishing with a cap net was a traditional way of fishing in mainly southern countries (Asia, South America, Africa), exotic for Russians. Fishermen in those parts have been engaged in such fishing since childhood and the results are amazing.
Foreign tourists (and viewers of broadcasts about distant countries) watch in amazement as a native fisherman throws an incomprehensible bundle far away, that on the fly unfolds into a large round net, which soon returned from the murky waters of some Mekong with a rich catch.
Astonishment was replaced (at least by some of the viewers) with a completely legitimate desire: we want to catch the same! As a result, the casting network in the twentieth century rapidly began to conquer non-traditional regions for themselves - Europe and North America.
And here ... We have for many decades a harsh principle reigned and ruled: fishing with any net tackle is malicious predation and no less malicious poaching. Catching with the Sabaneevskaya baby existed, of course, but as a local catch in the distant outskirts of the country - in the Caucasus, in Central Asia - and in the central regions it was in no hurry to spread. The fact is that, in contrast to catching with nonsense or a hoist, it is very difficult to master casting a casting net on your own. It is not enough to see how the specialists catch it once or twice - it seems that all the movements are clear, but try again ... And it is not easy to make a casting network with your own hands without a sample.
It is about as difficult to master fly fishing on your own, but here a different situation developed: fishing magazines and almanacs actively promoted fly fishing and explained to beginners all the subtleties and nuances of fishing; under fishing societies there were fly fishing sections where joint training was held and experienced specialists shared their wisdom with beginners. And the casting network remained in the position of a tattered Cinderella.
The situation has changed in the last couple of decades, but not too dramatically. Yes, now you can easily buy an imported cap net (at least in large cities, where there are still few communities of casting lovers). Yes, as an attachment to the tackle, you can buy a videotape or a disc with a roller, where the casting process is shown in detail, in detail. You can finally download the same video from the Internet. Having spent a sufficient amount of time and work, master the casting process from video materials, go to the pond, achieve, albeit not immediately, good catches ...
We can only hope that this book will help at least a little amateurs (especially those who live far from large cities) who have decided to independently master the casting network.
So, to the point. The principle of fishing is as follows: the net is assembled on the hand in a certain way (so that it easily turns around in flight), then it horizontally pounces on the water and covers the section of the reservoir corresponding to the diameter of the open net. After the fenced part of the net sinks to the bottom, the net is pulled out by the cord attached to the base. It is possible to fish in the water column without lowering the tackle to the bottom, but this requires a slightly modified net (see Fig. 17).
Rice. 17. Casting network (American type): 1 - central traction cord; 2 - slings; 3 - net fabric; 4 - cargo cord; 5 - swivel; 6 - bushing
Casting nets are divided into two large groups: tackle of the American type and of the Spanish (the little one, traditionally used in our Caucasus, belongs to the Spanish).
The American type seems to me to be more convenient when casting, more catchy and easier to make with your own hands. Although I fully admit the bias of this opinion: it was with American casting nets that I began to catch ten years ago and have been successfully using them to this day.
I also tried the Spanish type and I have to admit at least one advantage of this tackle: in places with an inconvenient underwater relief for fishing, it is less inclined to catch on stones, snags, etc.
Tackle design
Casting net is a netting in the form of a regular circle, along the edge of which a cord is sewn, equipped with very often planted lead weights.
The size indicated on the packages of the factory networks does not refer to the diameter, but to the radius of the circle. On American-made nets, it is often measured not in meters, but in feet, and ranges from 91 cm (three-foot net) to 3.04 m (ten-foot net).
European manufacturers, for example Finnish, use the metric system, but the sizes of their gear generally correspond to the American ones. Chinese tackle ... Sometimes even the fisherman's own hand-made modification does not save the Chinese, and it is better not to risk it: chasing cheapness, you can become the owner of an inoperative network.
A central braided cord (twisted is in no way suitable) is used to pull the net, thick enough (so as not to cut your hands when quickly fetching the tackle), usually at least 5–6 mm. Its standard length is 4–4.5 m, but many amateurs, having perfectly mastered the tackle, increase the length of the line by 1.5–2 times. At the end of the cord there is a loop with a diameter of 20-25 cm.
In American nets, the other end of the central cord is attached to numerous slings (veins) stretched to the cargo cord, in Spanish - to the central part of the net. This design difference also determines the different performance of the net after casting.
When pulling out the American-style tackle, the central cord with the help of veins pulls the cargo cord to the center and practically gathers it together in a compact lump, thereby tightening the net and forming a bag with a closed outlet.
When pulling out the Spanish-type net, the sinkers converge to the center under the action of the pull of the cord and its own gravity, closing the exit, and the catch remains in the pockets of the net located along its perimeter.
On the American tackle, in the very center of the net there is a small round hole (5–6 cm in diameter), and the netting along its edge is attached to a plastic or fluoroplastic sleeve. One hole is drilled in the sleeve (for the smallest nets) or several (6–8 cm for the largest ones) through which the vein slings slide.
The netting fabric (with rather small meshes, from 9 to 15 mm) is taken from both monofilament and twisted yarn.
If someone wants to make an American-style casting network with their own hands, he should follow a few rules:
1. Lead weights are planted on the load cord evenly and very often, with a distance between their centers no more than 10–12 cm. The weight of the weights is from 20 to 35 g, depending on the size of the net; their shape is a highly elongated cylinder; globular weights, especially those capable of falling into the mesh of the network, are inapplicable. If you use the sinkers not purchased, but cast yourself, each must be carefully processed, eliminating all the irregularities and casting defects.
2. The lines (slings) are made of fishing line (monofilament, braid makes it difficult to catch) with a thickness of 1 mm or more, their length slightly exceeds the radius of the tackle. Veins are attached to the cargo cord quite often, at least every 0.5 m, and, accordingly, their number grows with an increase in the size of the tackle. If not one, but several holes are drilled in the plastic sleeve, then through each it is necessary to pass those veins that lead to the corresponding edge of the network, avoiding crossing. Sharp edges at the edges of the holes, any irregularities and burrs are unacceptable.
3. The knot that collects the veins together is made as compact and neat as possible, without line tails sticking out to the side. Since there is torque during casting, it is best to attach it to the center line through a swivel of sufficient strength. Sometimes a plastic disk 3-4 cm in diameter with holes along the edge (according to the number of veins) is placed in front of the knot, and each vein is passed into its hole.
What size net should I start casting with?
A question that does not have an unambiguous answer. On the one hand, the smaller the radius of the net, the easier it is to cast, and the learning stage is much faster.
However, having perfectly mastered the casting of a three-foot net (mainly suitable for fishing live bait), it is quite difficult to retrain for a large tackle. Much also depends on the physical parameters of the angler: the higher his height and the longer his arms, the easier it will be to learn how to cast a large net.
I advise you to first decide: why, in fact, do you need a casting network? For lovers of catching a predator with live bait, a casting net is an irreplaceable auxiliary tool. In the full sense, irreplaceable: never when catching live bait with a fishing rod or any other design, you will not start catching predators as quickly after coming to the reservoir, as if you had a compact and ready-to-use casting net in your backpack.
You can start hunting for pike or pike perch faster if you bring live bait with you, which is not always convenient.
So if you are planning to use the casting network only as a little thing, buy an easy-to-learn three-foot shoe, and the problem with live bait will disappear forever. In addition, as a bonus, sometimes (especially in muddy water or when casting at night), you can also hook a large fish.
But if it is assumed that the casting net will become the main fishing tool, moreover, for large enough fish, then it is better to start mastering the tackle with a net with a radius of at least 1.7–2 m. Learning to cast, of course, will take longer, but then the transition even to a ten-foot length will not be a problem will be.
Casting technique
Coming to this section, I understand perfectly well that the task of teaching fishing with a casting net in words, even with the help of drawings, is difficult to fulfill. It is better to personally get a few lessons from a specialist, or at worst try to repeat what he shows in the video. But let's try ...
In fig. 18 shows the casting phases for both American and Spanish net types. The drawn fisherman is standing on the shore, but nevertheless, it is best to start training not on a river or lake, but on some lawn or mowed lawn. Naturally, in the field, on a pond, before starting preparation, the net is thoroughly cleaned of mud and other aquatic vegetation left over from the previous cast.
Rice. 18. Phases of net casting
The traction cord is collected in rings in the left hand, the tackle is taken with an outstretched hand for the central part (or for the sleeve - for an American-type net), gently shaken so that the net stretches and straightens out. If the load cord has formed a loop somewhere, it must be straightened with your free hand.
Then, with the right hand, the upper part of the tackle is intercepted (from a quarter to half of the net, depending on its radius) and is assembled with one or two loops - also in the left hand. Next comes the turn of the cargo cord. He is taken by two points with the same left hand and right, and the hands are spread wide enough so that the remaining free part of the network stretches as much as possible.
If you carefully look at foreign educational photos and videos, you can see how specialists sometimes, at this stage of preparation for casting, take one sinker in their teeth in order to achieve even greater stretching of the net. In training, this is still possible, for not very squeamish citizens. But on a pond with tackle, soiled with silt and mud ... I do not advise. You can earn a whole bunch of gastrointestinal diseases.
The next stage is the casting itself. It is performed after two or three swinging movements or after one wide swing (while the angler's body turns almost 180 °). The most important thing at this moment is the plane in which the tackle moves. The casting net, unfolding on the fly, should fly along the most gentle trajectory and finally turn into a circle shortly before touching the water. The latter depends on the strength of the throw, the ability to measure which comes exclusively with training.
Another point in which I disagree with foreign instructors: for the most part, they recommend that the loop at the end of the line be swept over the left hand before casting. In training, it turns out well, but on a pond, when your hands are wet, the tackle can easily fly into a river or lake along with the line. It is safer to attach the loop to the waist belt.
The described casting technique is not the only one possible. Almost every fisherman, with the acquisition of experience, begins to modernize it, adjusting it to his individual characteristics and to the specific conditions of fishing. For example, you may not collect the pulling cord with rings on your hand, but leave it lying under your feet (provided that the bank is clean enough and the cord does not catch on branches, roots, driftwood, etc.). The preparation time for casting is reduced, which increases the number of throws per fishing and, accordingly, the size of the catch.
Nets of a small radius (up to 1.7 m, for the tallest fishermen - up to 2 m) can be thrown without collecting the upper part of the net in loops. Both hands, raised and spaced as wide as possible, take the load cord, the excess cord is collected in loops, 2-3 in each hand, so that the lower edge of the net does not reach the ground 30-40 cm, then the net is thrown, or rather thrown on a pond with a characteristic movement, reminiscent of those with which a wide tablecloth is thrown on a table or a sheet on a bed.
I even happened to see how the casting net was thrown together: they caught two short teenage boys, each of whom could hardly have thrown the tackle on their own - they took the net by the load cord, standing on either side of it, and stretched it widely in the horizontal plane and, simultaneously swinging, was sent into the reservoir.
Well, now, assuming that after much trial and error, you still mastered the basics of casting technique, we take a casting net and go fishing.
Seat selection
Locations that are too deep, with a fast current, with a snaggy or boulder-covered bottom, with abundant underwater vegetation, are definitely not suitable for fishing with a casting net. Steep underwater slopes - the so-called "edge" - also do not allow to capture the fish holding over them. When fishing from the shore, you should avoid places heavily overgrown with trees, bushes and even such annual vegetation as wormwood, weeds, and so on, for at least a couple of meters around the fisherman there should be a clean and level space.
There is no point in fishing from cliffs, from embankments and bridges that rise more than 2 m above the water surface - the weights of the net, even if it is properly thrown, when it falls from a great height, begin to converge together, and instead of a regular flat circle, the tackle takes the shape of an elongated cone. Fishing in unfamiliar places is always fraught with snags, net damage and line breaks.
Network sampling
As soon as the load cord of the abandoned net touches the bottom, which is determined by the weakening of the traction cord, the tackle begins to be selected with a sharp jerk. This jerk allows, firstly, to quickly bring the sinkers together, closing the exit of the caught fish, and secondly, it raises the net above the bottom, reducing the likelihood of snags.
Fishing tactics
Fishing with a casting net is no less versatile than fishing, and can be used in a wide variety of conditions, on very different reservoirs and for catching fish that differ in habits and lifestyle.
In the advertising brochures of shops selling fishing tackle, they usually write that the casting network is intended for catching schooling fish: smelt, bream, roach. Everything is correct, and having come to the bank of the channel, where a large flock of spawning roach has entered, you can easily fill the cage with fish with the help of a casting net.
But such fishing blindly is much less reckless and interesting than hunting "by sight" for individual specimens of large fish, scattered over the reservoir. However, first things first.
The easiest way to fish with a casting net is live bait and, in general, small fish. It is enough just to choose the right place and make a successful cast, sometimes only one, and if the little thing walks in dense flocks, then after the first throw three or four dozen fish are sent to the bucket; now you can move on to catching a predator with live bait. Neither a boat nor fishing for live bait is required to get live bait, casts are made from the shore. You just need to look out in the clear water, where minnows lie on a sandbank or flocks of perch or roach swim near algae.
Larger fish - marching fish and smelt, local perch, roach, podleschik and others - are almost always caught blindly, in places of their accumulation. Even after seeing a flock of such fish in shallow water, it is not worth approaching them with a casting net, if the fisherman sees the fish, then the fish sees the fisherman, and the flight of the net makes it quickly recoil to the side.
During the spring course of the fish, it is very convenient to choose places on the river in front of any natural obstacle with a flat bottom and a shallow depth of 0.5 to 1.5 m. Casting is carried out in approximately the same way as fishing with a spinning rod: first, the net covers the nearest to the fisherman areas, then located at an average distance, then the farthest, as far as the length of the pulling cord allows. It should be borne in mind that the fish is not very much afraid of the splash of the casting net that has fallen on the water (this splash is quiet if the cast is done correctly) and does not rush headlong away, but usually rolls slightly downstream. Therefore, the section of the river chosen for fishing should always be fished, moving along the bank downstream.
Spring fishing is done during the day, but as the water clears, the best catches happen at dusk or at night. In summer, when underwater vegetation appears in large quantities of water bodies, the number of places suitable for blindfishing is sharply reduced. It is much more interesting at this time to hunt with a casting net, tracking down single specimens of large fish.
Fishing for tench is very exciting. They are engaged in it (where this fish is found) in shallow places of the river with a very slow current and a muddy bottom. A sign confirming that the tench feeds in this place is a chain of bubbles rising from the bottom disturbed by the fish. The boat is not needed, the feeding places of the tench are usually located near the coast, sometimes, if the river is not wide and the banks are steep enough, literally a meter from the water's edge. If at the fishing site there are too dense thickets of aquatic vegetation, for example water lilies, it is necessary to make several glades in them in advance, 2-3 times larger than the size of the net.
Large bream also often give out their feeding places with bubbles. But catching him with a casting network is much more difficult. Bream is more careful, it feeds in deeper holes and most often manages to escape from the net descending on it.
It is convenient to catch pike on hot sunny days, going around shallow bays and channels, framed by thickets of reeds or cattails, on a boat.
The boat should have low sides, two-seater plastic punt like "Onega-2" are very suitable, with a wide nose of which it is convenient to cast. It is better not to engage in caste fishing from kayaks and inflatable boats (except for the largest, with a hard bottom).
Having spotted a pike, which is usually frozen in half-water not far from the reed wall, the fisherman points at it to the rower, and when the boat approaches a sufficient distance, throws a net over the fish.
Spring fishing for pikes in shallow-water spawning grounds is more catchy, sometimes from the shore, but more often off the beaten track. Here it is necessary to master long-range casting, it is difficult to come close to the spawning pike. Noticing the place where the fish is splashing, the fisherman throws a net on him from the maximum possible distance, and often, together with the roe pike, pulls out a couple of milkmen. Unsuccessful casts are also frequent, when the underwater vegetation, on which the pike spawns, prevents the nets from closing correctly.
The spawning of a large (kilogram and above) crucian carp does not last long, one or two in the morning, but if you manage to catch it with a casting net, then the catch will be very pleasing.
The place for a throw here is sometimes determined not only by splashes, but also by indirect signs: by the movement of the stems of aquatic plants sticking out above the water, by the so-called "mustache", which is formed on the surface of the water by a shallow swimming large fish, by small fish, in all directions jumping out of the water (the fry do not understand, a peaceful or predatory fish swims up to them).
Spawning of carp is similar to carp, but carp is a more cautious fish and often spawns in shallow waters more distant from the coast, overgrown with aquatic vegetation. Therefore, it is better to approach it by boat, observing the maximum silence.
To catch trout with a casting net, you need to know very well its habits. On shallow and fast rivers with clear water during the day, you should not even try to get to this fish, but you just need to notice its possible night stops - places with relatively calm water, located behind boulders and stones sticking out of the water, where the current breaks into two streams with a quiet backwater between them.
At night, preferably lunar, the fisherman slowly and carefully wanders knee-deep in the water, taking turns bypassing such places. Each cast must be flawless, there will be no chance of a second attempt. Sometimes during the entire night fishing it is possible to throw the tackle no more than a dozen times, and two or three large trout is a very good result. Sometimes, as a bycatch, humpback perches come across, it is not clear what they are doing on the rapids.
When small trout rivers swell from the rains and the water becomes completely opaque, trout is caught in the daytime, blindly, choosing places with the weakest current for casting off the coast.
Tutorial ("toptukha", "lampshade")
It is not for nothing that the guide is called in some places a "lampshade"; it really resembles this piece of furniture, somewhat enlarged. Only instead of fabric, the wire frame is covered with a weakly set two-row net, so that the ryazh is outside and the del is inside. The guide is thrown from afar on the fish spawning or seen in the grass, which rushes to the side from the splash of the fallen tackle and gets entangled in a net bag formed in the ryazh cell.
Sometimes the "lampshade" is made without longitudinal metal ribs, sewing the net to two hoops with a diameter of 1-1.2 m, and the upper one is made of a hollow plastic tube (or a cut of a rigid hose) and works like a float, and the lower one is bent from a heavy metal bar and lowered to the bottom.
CONCLUSION
LEGAL ASPECTS OF FISHING WITH LIFTS, TRAP, CASTING NETS
As has been mentioned more than once, there are no uniform rules governing what is allowed and what is not in amateur fishing in Russia. They are different in different regions, and the tackle allowed in some places is strictly prohibited in others.
It is noticed that the richer the region is in valuable species of fish (sturgeon, salmon, whitefish), the more severe the rules, and vice versa. In densely populated areas where water bodies are under heavy fishing pressure, net fishing is also often very limited.
Here, for example, is how the rules of fishing in the Northern fishery basin (the Republic of Komi and Karelia, the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kirov and Murmansk regions, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug) relate to fishing with traps and exciting gear. I take these rules as an example, because they were approved by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation relatively recently, in April 2007, and reflect the current state of affairs. It should be borne in mind that the region is very rich in salmon and whitefishes, and therefore the people who wrote the rules did not suffer from excessive liberalism.
So: in the European north of Russia, you can fish without permits and licenses (I omit the lines, fixed nets, seines, nonsense and traps for crayfish and crabs):
hand lifters and "spiders" up to 2 m in diameter;
Venters and fenders with the length of the entire device no more than 3 m, the diameter of the trap no more than 1 m, in the amount of no more than 3 pieces for one citizen;
a wick with a flap less than 2 m long, no more than one piece from one citizen;
A "scaly net" of no more than 1.5 x 1.0 m in size for catching live bait.
Not a lot ... But if you buy a license or get a permit from the regional fish protection inspectorate, the possibilities for fishing expand. Licensed recreational anglers can additionally use:
hedgehogs having a wing (s) length of no more than 10 m;
venteri (vertices) with a wall length of no more than 10 m, a trapping device no more than 5 m and a diameter of no more than 1 m, in the amount of no more than 2 traps from one citizen;
traps for ice fishing for lampreys and burbots.
It is curious that the saki and the outline are not mentioned at all in the rules of the northern basin, neither among the permitted gear, nor among the prohibited ones. However, any omission in the rules is interpreted in favor of the fish inspector - all tackles that are not mentioned as permitted are prohibited. But in other regions, officials of the Ministry of Agriculture did not forget about these tackles. For example, in the Leningrad Region, back in 1989, the adopted rules (but they are still in force!) Allow fishing without licenses and permits with outlines on a limited number of reservoirs, as well as with saks up to 1 m in diameter.
In some places, older by-laws are also used - for example, the decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, dated as early as 1958 and prohibiting the sale of net fishing gear in those regions where fishing with them is not permitted by the rules.
The Kaluga Region is especially famous in this respect: local courts are actively using the above-mentioned resolution, pursuing traders who risked selling the chain or the top. The arguments that in 1958 there were no privately owned reservoirs do not work: even if you yourself arranged a pond and raised fish in it, but buy a top or nonsense and do not dream, catch with a fishing rod, since no one was able to cancel the obsolete resolution. And it is difficult for Kaluga fishermen fully armed to go fishing from the Kaluga region to Karelia or another region where fishing with net tools is not prohibited ...
The Rybak Rybaka newspaper, famous for its irreconcilable attitude to the nets, advocates the dissemination of the Kaluga residents' experience in using the 1958 resolution throughout the country. The pages of the aforementioned newspaper covered, for example, the story of a Kaluga private entrepreneur Vinogradova, who had the misfortune to sell two vertices, a "screen" and a "kerchief" for a total amount of 636 rubles and got 14 st. Administrative Code (illegal sale). Moreover, the restless newspaper figures published a sample statement addressed to the police and calling for the notorious decree of half a century ago to be applied. Say, gentlemen readers, as soon as you see a network for sale, signal where to go. We can only hope that not all fishermen who read the newspaper dream of the laurels of Pavlik Morozov and other famous informers.
However, not everything is so bad in our country. In England, for example, if necessary, they pull out of the archival dust completely antediluvian acts ... For example, one British amateur was incredibly lucky - he fished out a sturgeon in the Thames, the first in more than a century. But the 30-kilogram fish was immediately confiscated by the local authorities on the basis of a law of the 16th century that had not been canceled by anyone! All sturgeons caught in English waters should go to the royal table, and nothing else.
So we can be glad that "Rybak Rybaka" does not remember the decrees of Peter I, who fought with predatory fishing. In them, I remember, the perpetrators were subject to the death penalty ...
Many people have a strong belief that fishing with net tools during the spawning run and spawning is strictly prohibited for amateur fishermen everywhere and everywhere. This is not entirely true. The nets and nets mentioned above are allowed, for example, to fish for spawning smelt. Or here is a quote from the same rules of the Leningrad Region concerning the issuance of permits to amateurs to fish with nets, ravings and traps: "By agreement with the Sevzap-Rybvod management, a permit can be issued for the spawning period for the purpose of reclamation of low-value fish species."
Naturally, in addition to restrictions on tackle, there are also prohibitions on the timing of fishing, and on certain sections of water bodies, and restrictions on the catch rate, and the minimum allowable size for caught fish of each species ...
In general, before you go to a pond with a net or "spider", carefully study the rules: what is allowed in your area and what is not. Otherwise, instead of pleasure and fresh fish, the result of fishing can be a considerable fine. Moreover, the money will be taken for each copy separately, regardless of its size and weight.
Here's how they are fined in St. Petersburg and the region:
sturgeon -8350 rubles;
salmon, salmon - 1250 rubles;
trout, whitefish, walleye, carp, pike,
lamprey, carp - 250 rubles;
cancer -42 rubles;
bream -25 rubles;
perch -17 rubles;
Roach, ruff, gudgeon, crucian carp and other fish that were not included in the list are not subject to separate fines for illegal fishing, but you still have to pay 500 rubles for a violation and part with the tackle, or even the boat.
So, finally, a tip: fish by the rules.
AND - GOOD LUCK ON THE WATER BODIES!
Perhaps N.M. Mikhailov somewhat exaggerated the possible depth of fishing. Five meters is still too deep for such a tackle, the fish will have time to leave during the ascent.
E.V. Filatova
Omsk, State University
Photos are selected by me.
FARM OF RUSSIAN OLD-TIMERS IRTYSH
Each, especially a large people inhabiting a significant territory, under the influence of a number of specific conditions within the framework of a single ethnic culture, there are local features. Such features in Russian traditional culture were created, in particular, in the process of settlement and economic development of new territories, where Russian settlers settled side by side with the local population (Aleksandrov V.A., 1974. - p. 7). They also manifest themselves in the economy, which is strongly influenced by the geographic environment. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of the economy of Russian old-timers in the lower reaches of the Irtysh.
By the lower reaches of the Irtysh we mean the Khanty-Mansiysk region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The old residents of this area are poorly studied by researchers. One can note the work "Samarovo, a village of the Tobolsk province and okrug: chronicle, memoirs and materials about its past" Kh.M. Loparev, who was a native of the village of Samarovo (now part of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk). This work was written based on materials collected in old-time settlements - p. Tsingaly and the village of Chebakchino. In 2003, a joint expedition of the OmSU and the Museum of Nature and Man (Khanty-Mansiysk) took place in these places.
In general, throughout the entire development of the lower reaches of the Irtysh, the number of Russians here was insignificant. This is explained by the peculiarities of the climatic and economic conditions, in particular, the inability to engage in agriculture, which was important for the Russian peasant. Initially, the Russian population consisted of coachmen who were engaged in the Yamskaya chase. Population growth has mainly occurred naturally.
On the territory of the lower reaches of the Irtysh at the end of the 19th century. Russian settlements were located: the village of Samarovo and the villages of Bazyanova, Repolovskaya, Denshchikovskaya. According to official data in Samarovo in 1894, there were 436 revision souls, 175 households, 130 individual householders (Loparev Kh.M., 1997. - p. 114). Russian settlements were located far from each other, next to the settlements of the Khanty and Mansi. All residents of the lower reaches of the Irtysh maintained trade and marriage relations with each other.
At first, when the Russians were just beginning to develop this territory, they tried to recreate the traditional model of farming. HM. Loparev notes that in 1767 experiments of arable farming were undertaken here: 49 dessiatines were sown with bread, but unsuccessfully (Loparev Kh.M., 1997. - p. 29). Then, in order to survive, they began to borrow the methods of farming from the aborigines. As a result, hunting and fishing began to occupy an important place in the economic pursuits of the Russians. The development of fishing was also expressed in the complication of the forms of its organization, the improvement of fishing tools and techniques. By the beginning of the XXI century. the methods and techniques of fishing have changed little. This was facilitated by the fact that there were a lot of fish in the rivers. The old-timers fished all year round: both in winter and in summer, using various techniques. Anatoly Mikhailovich Makarov said that “in winter you will catch more fish. In winter, it goes against the current to the livestock (a place in the river where there is no lack of oxygen) from sunburn (a place with a lack of oxygen). They put wicks and kattsy on the livestock. "
Katets is placed on small rivers. Since autumn, on the banks of the river, on both sides, opposite each other, a katets made of an open-air cage mesh (a metal mesh for enclosing cages in fur farms) is placed. To keep it stable, stakes were stuck along its perimeter in several places. The fish going to the livestock accumulated in the space enclosed by the net. After breaking through the ice, the fish was scooped out of the katz with a net. You can install the katets in a different way. The river was blocked off with constipation from one bank. And regardless of where the fish will swim, almost all of it ends up in the katets. And then you also need to scoop out the fish. Previously, kattsy were made not from a net, but from interconnected stakes that were stuck into the bottom of the river.
They also put wicks in the winter. The wick looks like this: on metal rings, the number of which can be different (the wicks reach 10 meters and you can catch up to 300 kg of fish in them) a net with a window through which the fish passes is stretched. On the next ring in the net there is already a blind window (the fish will not come out back). The fish that have accumulated at the end of the wick is shaken by the fish, untiing the knot.
There are summer and winter wicks. They differ in size, structure and installation methods. In winter, a twin wick is used (a construction of two wicks connected by a skirt). A small river was blocked off with constipation since autumn. In the fall, the wicks were also installed. They were fixed with stakes, which were threaded into rings on the wicks, and then stuck into the bottom of the river. The wicks were interconnected by a skirt - a net that did not allow fish caught between the wicks to go to the bottom. In order to pull out the caught fish, winter was made in the ice between the wicks - an ice-hole through which the wicks were taken in turn onto the ice and the fish was shaken out of them. To put the wick in place, a rope was previously tied to its end, which is called a run. Pulling the wick out of the girder, it was again fixed with a stake.
In the summer, the wick was set differently. A wall connected to a wick was attached to the bank of the river (a net serving as a lock, preventing fish from passing by the wick. In addition, the height of the net is called a wall). The wick was fastened to the bottom with a ring, holding it across the stream. The summer wick is shorter than the winter wick and does not have a skirt. The catch on the wicks in winter is much larger than in summer.
Both nets and self-traps were installed in winter. Winter nets are shorter than summer ones due to the peculiarities of the installation. They were placed along the course of the river. Two holes were pounded in the ice. In the one upstream, a run was lowered with a float tied at the end (a float-type device, usually made from an army flask and a nut placed in it). It is needed to move the run under the ice along the river. Experienced fishermen launch the float so that it emerges in a hole downstream. If, nevertheless, the floater left to the side, the run was easily taken out with noril (a pole with a crossbar at the end, up to 10 m long). After that, stakes were driven into the holes, to which the net was tied. The samolov is put in the same way.
Samolov is a rope with floats, under each of which a hook made of steel wire is tied to the doll (a thin nylon rope for weaving nets, wicks). A sinker is tied to the bottom of the hook for its stability. Samolov is so called because the bait is not attached to the hooks. The hook was sharpened so that if a fish touches it, it will definitely cling. Even if the fish touches the hook not from the side of the point, it turns around, and the fish is still caught. In the summer, traps are placed in two ways. You can block the river across its entire width. To do this, a wire is pulled from coast to coast, to which a samolov is tied in several places. Its immersion depth is adjustable.
The old-timers hunted fish so much that they "gave the ear to the ear"(MEE OmSU 2003, P. o. 2. L. 10ob. - 15), boiled fish was fed to pigs and chickens (MEE OmSU 2003 P.o. 2. L. 18ob. - 21).
Hunting methods were also varied. “They put traps on foxes, and kulems on sables. The kulema consists of two planks with a small stick, called a gatehouse, placed between them. And they made loops on the partridges ”(MEE OmSU 2003, P. o. 1. L. 2.).
The old-timers knew a very interesting way of hunting ducks.“In the spring they were caught when the rut began. The net was placed between two lakes. First, a clearing 10–15 m wide was cut. Then a net was hung on the tallest trees. The network was large, about 10-15 m wide, but ten meters high, with small cells. They fastened it to a tree using a pole, on which a block was attached (it was called a rag, similar to a block at a weaving mill), through which a rope was punched. Someone climbed a tree and fastened a block with a net at the top.
Under the tree they made a shelter of branches (something like a wattle fence), so that it was not visible. Sometimes they put a small blockhouse, covered them with branches from above so that the person could not be seen. He waited for the dives (more often they were hunted, but others - cranes, swans - too) would fly up closer. When the distance to the net was 10–15 m, so that the birds could no longer fold, the net was lowered slowly. The tension was low, so the duck did not break through the net, but got entangled in it. Then the ducks were taken out of the net and their heads were bitten off (because it is very difficult for a duck to roll its head). Sometimes they caught up to 100 ducks with one net "(MEE OmSU 2003, P. o. 2. L. 18ob. - 21.).
Fishing and hunting were supplemented by the collection of cedar cones and berries. In places where the Russian population was closely associated with the aborigines, reindeer husbandry was developed. Tillage was not previously practiced "due to the cold climate and unsuitability of the soil." The reasons for the underdevelopment of agriculture on the territory under consideration were not only natural conditions, but also the established tradition of management, the lack of funds necessary for the initial development of the land (Minenko N.A., 1975. - p. 81). By the XIX century. Russian old-timers began to plant vegetables here. In the gardens of local residents, potatoes predominated, but turnips, radishes, carrots, beets, and cabbage were also grown. Kept on farms and livestock. But agriculture and animal husbandry were of an auxiliary nature.
So, the Russian old-timers of the lower reaches of the Irtysh developed an economic complex that focused on fishing and hunting. It took shape over many years, the methods of hunting and fishing were borrowed from the Khanty, Russian economic traditions were adapted to the natural and geographical conditions of the studied area.
Literature:
Alexandrov V.A. Problems of comparative study of the material culture of the Russian population of Siberia (XVII - early XX centuries) // Problems of studying the material culture of the Russian population of Siberia. - M, 1974. - S. 7-15.
Loparev Kh.M. Samarovo, a village in the Tobolsk province and okrug: chronicle, memoirs and materials about its past. - Tyumen, 1997.
Minenko N.A. Northwestern Siberia in the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. Historical and ethnographic sketch. - Novosibirsk, 1975.
How to install nets in winter? I'll try to write an article about fishing with nets in winter.There are several ways to put nets under the ice. The first method is with the help of a drill, a wooden pole with a hook at the end, two meters long, and more as far as the depth of the reservoir allowed. We take the pole, put it on the ice, at the end of the pole we make markings for drilling the ice. Pass the rope with a load into the hole. From the other nearest hole, we launch the pole parallel to the current. So that the pole, when turning downstream, hooks a hook with a rope with a load, which is on the next hole.
When the pole catches on the rope, your partner will feel the movement of the rope in his hands. After that, slowly pull the pole out of the rope hooked onto the pole. And with this method, you need to move from the beginning to the end of the drilled holes. When the rope is under the ice, you need to tie a net to it and drag it under the ice from start to finish.
And as a result, the network is delivered. Secure the edges of the nets on both sides with sticks parallel to the holes. The next way is easier. With the help of a wire instead of a pole. I will describe it next time, around the next winter when this article will be most relevant))). Good luck with your winter catches. And once again we remind you that the administration of the site www.site is categorically against fishing with nets and electric fishing rods (and other poaching methods), and this article simply explains how you can perform such a trick with a net during winter.
Nets under the ice video online
Catching the net in winter video
FISHING TRAP Traps are the oldest fishing gear known since prehistoric times. Perhaps, only catching with their hands (as an accidental and rare type of hunting of our distant ancestors) and the battle of fish with a spear and a harpoon are older than them. Some archaeological scientists dispute this opinion, arguing that the primitive fishing rod is still older, and bone hooks found during excavations of Paleolithic sites are cited as evidence. A wide variety of fishing gear is called a trap, based on the principle of "easy to get in, hard to get out." Designs, sizes, installation methods are very different, often the same trap in different areas of even one country is called differently and vice versa - completely different gear are known under the same name. Fishing with traps is efficient and has a low cost of catch. Their other advantage is the ability to fish in places where it is impossible to fish with other tools (overgrown and encircled water bodies, etc.). An important advantage of traps is their ability to keep the catch alive for a long time after being caught - while a fish caught with a fixed net and a bridge dies and decomposes, poisoning the air and water, if the fisherman for some reason could not check or find the tackle. Unlike nets, seines and other fishing gear, traps can be made not only of net cloths (mostly nylon), but also wood, plastic, metal, combined. They actually consist of traps and wings. The wings are placed in the path of movement of the fish, which, bending around the wings, falls into traps, the entrance to which is convenient, but the exit is difficult. The most typical traps are set nets (including large sea seines), hems, venteres, muzzles, caps, self-contained crayfish and crab traps. The main disadvantage of fishing traps, used not by fishermen, but by amateur fishermen, is the passive participation of the fisherman in the process of catching. In the end, we fish not only for the sake of prey, for the sake of rest, too, and a day spent actively and gambling fills us with positive emotions for a week. And then: he came, pulled out the top ... one short moment of excitement: is there something inside? No? .. Got carps and went home. But sometimes this disadvantage turns into an advantage. For example, such a regularity is known: the more actively a predator feeds, the more difficult it is to catch a trifle escaping from it with live bait. Sometimes it is very offensive: a hunting pike is splashing around, and there is almost nothing to plant on mugs or vents. And the same top with a fine mesh, standing nearby with a bait, will be very useful. It is even safer to look at a small carp pond near the fishing spot and put the top there all the time, then you can come at least a month later and immediately get a supply of live baits. Other disadvantages include the high cost and laboriousness of installing large traps. It is not so easy to stretch a net with wings, the length of which is measured in tens of meters (it does not matter, from a boat or off the beaten track). Yes, in cold spring water, but in the current ... Therefore, amateurs use traps of a more modest size. Now let's talk about certain types of trap gear. Merezha (winged, wick, ryuzha) An interesting transformation has taken place with the term “festoon” for more than a hundred years. L.P. Sabaneev, a classic of fishing literature, in his fundamental work "Fishes of Russia" described the netting as a “triple, three-walled net: in the middle there is a dense net, on the sides so-called ryazh, that is, rare nets with meshes of about 18 cm in a square ". In our time, such a tackle is called a cricket net (in common parlance, a "putan", and the term "festoon" has migrated to the tackle described by Sabaneev under the name "wick." the wick is no different from the modern hedgehog.
Rice. 1. Wick (according to LP Sabaneev) Another patriarch of fishing, SA Aksakov, described the wick (in the modern sense of the term) also under a different name: winged. In general, the old books on net traps are quite applicable now: the design and methods of fishing have hardly changed, except that modern materials are used for manufacturing. But the existing inconsistency in terms must be taken into account (in Aksakov's books, for example, there are no illustrations). So, in the modern sense, a net is a net trap used in river, less often in sea, lake and pond fishing and consisting of a guiding system ("wings") and a working part, the so-called "barrel". Design and manufacture Previously, the framing was made exclusively from round or oval wooden hoops. Nowadays, plastic or metal hoops are more often used (they are frame rings, they are also catels - the discrepancy in terms is quite large). When making hems with your own hands, in particular metal hoops, it is worth using either rods with an anti-corrosion coating, or, in the absence of such, thoroughly clean (treat with a fine sandpaper) the hoop, then cover it in several layers with waterproof paint. Otherwise, the mesh tight-fitting frame will rot very quickly at the points of contact with corrosive metal (see Fig. 2).
is. 2. The device of a modern hem (for convenience, only one wing is shown): 1 - floating cord; 2 - cargo cord; 3 - wing; 4 - arc (plastic tube diameter - 20 mm); 5 - tubes (diameter of the plastic tube - 16 mm); 6 - "throat"; 7 - "barrel"; 8 - kutets (kutok) The net that covers the frame of the hem must be made of thick enough threads (the net cloth used for fixed nets, especially monofilament, is not used here). The frame hoops decrease somewhat in size with distance from the entrance, and the narrowest part of the tackle (behind the last hoop) is called the cod, or the cod, or, much less often, the cuff. The principle of operation of the net is as follows: an obstacle is placed on the fish's route (stretched to the sides, but at a slight angle relative to the inlet, “wings”, that is, small pieces of rectangular mesh attached directly to the inlet valve). Unable to pass through the wing, the fish swims along it and gets into the trap chamber, the entrance to which is convenient, but the exit is difficult. For a better fit to the bottom and for greater catchability, the front hoop is sometimes made square or rectangular, especially in wingless or with removable fenders (will be described in detail below). But more often a tunic is placed in front, bent in the form of a semi-oval, in the manner of a greenhouse arc - its pointed ends protrude beyond the lower limits of the tackle and when installed reliably stick into the bottom of the reservoir, allowing you to save a couple of stakes (the stakes on which the fringe is stretched in a river or lake, are not included in its kit and are procured at the place of fishing). The first “throat” is at the very entrance to the fringe; the edges of its larger base are attached to the first inlet coil. The edges of the smaller base are attached by thin guys to the second or third coil. Due to this, the axis of the "throat" coincides with the axis of the "barrel" and stretches well. Depending on the number of guys, the throat inlet is polygon-shaped. Practice shows that the closer he gets to the circle, the better the fish will enter the hem. The second, third and other "throats" are attached with a wide base to the corresponding coil and stretched to the subsequent coats. Kateli are attached to the net in several ways. In one case, the hoop is threaded through the meshes along the perimeter of the "barrel" of the hem - this is painstaking work that can only be done until the ends of the hoop are connected, which creates inconvenience during repair, installation and makes it impossible to weld to connect the ends of metal hoops. In addition, the del in the places of contact with the hoops is quickly frayed. In another case, the hoops are inserted inside the hem and attached to the delhi with twine. This method is less convenient, as it can lead to incorrect installation of the hoop, distortion of the delta and, moreover, does not eliminate its chafing. The most common and convenient way is to install hoops outside the tackle, when at the points of attachment to the hoops along the perimeter of the "barrel" a string is skipped. Most often, a transverse lash seam passes in these places, and therefore the veneer simultaneously serves to strengthen the seam. The pozhilina is tied to a hoop with one thread in a circle. Thus, the hem is stretched inside the hoop. Sometimes not only the first hoop from the entrance is made rectangular, but also all the others (such framing are called frame). For the convenience of transportation, the frames can be made collapsible, for example, from metal rods inserted into the corners bent from a thin aluminum tube. Such tackle is more expensive and laborious to manufacture, and it is rather troublesome to prepare it for fishing on a pond. But even a fisherman who does not own a car can take a hefty-sized netting in a backpack. Seeds exist in a variety of modifications, depending on the number of wings, frame rings, as well as inlets (in large fences there are several "throats", which increases the catchability). Multi-necked fences are made quite large and are mainly used in industrial fishing on large reservoirs - wings with additional openings stretch there for kilometers, line up in special figures (so-called "yards"), and, getting lost in this labyrinth, sometimes falls into the "barrel" even such a careful and strong fish as salmon. Amateur anglers in their practice use one- and two-necked fenders, their catchability in inland waters is quite satisfactory. The number of fishing tackles usually ranges from two to five (in large fishing gear, there are up to ten or even more fishing tackles). Varieties of single-hoop hem (the so-called “sleeve”) and frameless hem can, perhaps, be considered as separate gear, and they will be described in the corresponding section. About sizes As a rule, amateur fences are small fishing gear 2–4 m long and with a wingspan of up to 8–10 m, with a diameter of the largest (first) boat from 0.5 to 1.5 m. this size of tackle provides more than a decent catch. And the fishing rules do not at all welcome gigantomania in this matter. The height of the wings is determined by the depth of the places chosen for fishing and rarely exceeds 2 m. Ideally, the wing should cover the entire water column from the bottom to the surface. There are also floating hems that catch the upper layers in deep places (in the sea and on large lakes). But these structures are monumental, the wings and openings add up to hundreds of meters, and amateur anglers do not use such fences. Fishing Technique There is no special art in fishing with fenders (unlike, for example, a basting or casting net). The whole secret of good catches is to sew and assemble the hem correctly, and put it in the right place at the right time. However, you need to set carefully, tightly stretching the "barrel" and wings on pre-hammered stakes or straightening with the help of anchor braces. Good stretching of the entire tackle is the key to success, and loosening of the guide system can change the direction of the fish, which reduces the catch of the net. In addition, the current can blow away a loose and loose wing, which will block the entrance to the mouth of the gear. Having installed the fences and making sure they are correctly stretched, fishermen usually do not leave the reservoir, but engage in other types of fishing. The tackle, meanwhile, catches, stores and preserves fish. After a while, the fishermen check the framing. If, after a couple of checks, there is no catch, the installation location should be changed. The time for catching Merezha can be set all year round, both in open water and under the ice, but still the main time for catching them is the spring and the spring course of the fish. In fig. 3 depicts the most common way of setting a hem along the coast. When fishing for running fish, the entrance of the tackle is directed down the river, when fishing for downstream fish - up, against the current. The wings extend to the right and left, trapping the fish and guiding it into the hem.
Rice. 3. The position of the double-winged fissure when the fish moves to the upper reaches of the river. When rolling back, the tackle turns 180 °. Merezha can be set as soon as the ice has moved away from the coast, since at this time spawning begins, and the fish gather in schools near the coast. A very good place to fish for frizzy is the mouth of a bay or a narrow channel, for example, between islands or a coast and an islet. Also of great interest are low sloping shores flooded by high water, where there are thickets of last year's plants - often pikes and other fish tend to spawn on these stalks covered with water. Bushes flooded with water (or rather, the gaps between them) are also an excellent place for spring fingering. In the spring, especially in the early spring, most of the fringes are installed in the forge. It is not so convenient to do this from a boat, especially in narrow gaps between the coast and melted ice, in flooded bushes, etc. In narrow upper reaches of rivers and in streams where fish rush in spring, it is sometimes impossible to use a boat. Naturally, the installation is not done the way Aksakov described at one time: not naked and not up to his neck in ice water. A must-have accessory for the hedgehog catcher during this period are rubber trousers, glued to the boots and protecting their wearer at least to the middle of the chest. The bottom of the rubberized chemical protection kit is less useful, but it will do too. I do not advise you to do with swamp boots, even if the tackle is installed in a very shallow place - it has been established by numerous experiments: as soon as you pull on your boots and go into the water, your foot immediately ends up in a ravine or muskrat hole, and the swimming season opens much earlier than planned. In any case, when going fishing, you should definitely take with you a change of clothes and a flask of alcohol ... for external use, but what did you think? It’s better to go inside later, at home, under a pivot-thick fish in a frying pan ... I know, I know: many people cannot imagine fishing without drinking, and I myself was a sinner in my youth ... But I proceed not from moralizing considerations, but from sad experience: too often drunk fishermen drowned and froze to death on the ice, and also died in other, sometimes completely ridiculous ways. In general, if you do use it, at least do not abuse it. When the water subsides and at the same time warms up, the fishery moves to deeper places. Particularly catchy are the hedgehogs in summer on isthmuses between two deep pits, in narrow channels and bays among thickets of reeds or reeds, in general, in any gaps between dense aquatic vegetation. And when fishing in summer, unlike in spring, hems are much more often placed from a boat than from a brod. In autumn, when the water becomes cold and clear and the aquatic vegetation falls off, the size of the catches is reduced. In some localities, traps are used to catch autumn-spawning and winter-spawning fish, but they (with the exception of burbot) are much less likely to be caught in trap-type tools. Collecting the catch To check the fences and retrieve the prey, you should approach (or swim on a boat) from the side of the open wings and try to scare the fish in front of the mouth of the tackle so that it goes down the “throat”. Then the tackle is bypassed from the other side, approaching the cuff of the hem, and untied from the end stake. Hoop-hoops are lifted, collected together, driving the caught fish into the codend, which is then untied over the boat or over a large cage (when checking the gear in the freeze). Having emptied the fringe, it is again stretched and tied to the tail stake, after having tied a cod.
