Studying the life periods of plants is the key to the successful cultivation of any crop.
Summer residents, gardeners and, especially, agronomists must have in their luggage a number of knowledge related to the development of plants in a given period of time.
Let’s take a closer look at the question, which goes like this: “Plant vegetation – what is it and how does such a period proceed?”
Botanists have identified four periods:
- Vegetation.
- Peace.
- Preparing for the winter period.
- Preparing for the growing season.
Do not confuse the concepts of growing season and growing season. These are two completely different processes.
Shrubs and trees form buds in different ways. Suppose stone fruit crops cope with this in three months, but apple trees need more time. Plants do not bloom immediately in one period of time, but gradually, over several days. This is the key to better pollination.
The vegetation has been accumulating nutrients since last year. After the plant blooms, growth slows down and the fruits ripen.
The end of the growing season is considered to be cessation of growth. Shrubs and trees prepare for winter and shed their leaves.
Peace
During the winter season the plant goes dormant. It draws strength from the nutrients it accumulated during the growing season. By the time spring arrives, supplies are completely depleted.
There are thaws in winter, some plants wake up and begin to actively manifest themselves. Abnormal winter weather, more often in cities, leads to greening of the lawn.
It is important to feed all trees and shrubs in the fall so that they can easily survive the winter. Not least important is abundant watering, which also needs to be done in the fall. Given the large loss of moisture in winter, during a harsh period, the plant may die.
Vegetation example
Fruit and berry plants have different growing seasons, which is directly related to flowering and fruit ripening. Let's look at some options.
The growing season of cucumbers and tomatoes varies among different varieties. Early ripening tomatoes develop quickly - up to 75 days. However, tomatoes of late varieties can ripen up to 130 days. The same with cucumbers - early ones grow in 95-100 days, late ones - a maximum of 115.
The gooseberry growing season starts early. Already after three weeks you can see flowers on its shoots. This period falls in the month of May. The same goes for currant bushes. The buds of the bush are visible in April, after 10 days buds form, but the leaves are still hidden.
Apple trees begin to grow actively when the temperature reaches above +5 degrees. After 10 degrees the buds begin to bloom. In fruit plants they bloom first and only then in leaf plants. When the temperature reaches 15-20 degrees, the buds ripen. The duration of flowering lasts no more than 10 days.
Vegetation control
To obtain an excellent harvest from fruit and berry crops, vegetation control is necessary. This period is subject to acceleration and deceleration. It all depends on what type of plant is being considered and what needs to be obtained as a result of its ripening.
For a good harvest of vegetables, activity is slowed down at the very beginning. The flowering process of root crops is delayed.
Conditions for a favorable growing season
Fertilizers and watering are the most effective way for successful plant growth!
Fertilizers consisting of nitrogen and organic matter are best applied in the spring or early years.
This will give the plant the necessary nutrients, increase fruiting, and as a result the harvest will be excellent.
In the fall, you should not feed the plant with these substances; the result will be exactly the opposite.
Reasons for slow vegetation
Hot summers cause slow growth of domestic crops. It is necessary to carefully monitor watering. But you shouldn’t overdo it, especially in the last month of summer. This will cause a lot of trouble.
In essence, the growing season of plants is the formation of a supply of nutrients. They need to be saved to survive the winter, and not spent on growth. Weeds that grow around garden crops feed on moisture that should have gone to the roots. Don’t forget about this and monitor the situation around bushes and trees.
Using simple agrotechnical manipulations, you can get great benefits from the growing season and extend the life of the plant.
High tech
In the near future, people dream of freeing themselves from any agricultural work by creating robotics that will cultivate and harvest crops.
Genetic engineers are doing their bit and developing plants that are resistant to any diseases.
For example, soon wheat and oats will be able to go through the growing season despite weather conditions. More and more attention is being paid to such a concept as vegetation. For every scientist this word means something personal.
Genetic engineers see in it a set of characteristics that affect the productivity of fruits. Technologists in the field of agronomy solve the problem of production profitability. Those who produce products are concerned about the time during which they can complete the full cycle of growing a plant and achieve the greatest profit.
Vegetation in ecology
In scientific circles, ecologists consider the process of plant vegetation to be the main stage in which a highly organized form of life is formed.
If one day something bad happens and there is a failure in this process, then our planet will become unsuitable for breathing multicellular creatures. And this will affect people first of all.
Another meaning is the time required for the plant to develop:
- for annuals - from planting (seed germination) to seed ripening (harvesting)
- for perennial - from germination or swelling of the bud to the ripening of the seed (harvesting)
- For trees, this is also the time of active plant life from the beginning of sap flow and bud opening to the fall of leaves.
However, each plant has its own minimum temperatures. If cold-resistant plants can easily tolerate low temperatures, then heat-loving plants may die at such temperatures. Therefore, climatic summer is often taken as the growing season.
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Synonyms:See what “Vegetation” is in other dictionaries:
- (Latin vegetatio, from vegetare to grow). Vegetation; plant growth, their plant vigor. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. VEGETATION lat. vegetatio, from vegetare, to revive. Vegetation,... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Modern encyclopedia
Active life activity, growth Dictionary of Russian synonyms. vegetation noun, number of synonyms: 5 active life activity (2) ... Synonym dictionary
Vegetation- (from the Latin vegetatio excitement, revival), growth, active (as opposed to a state of rest) vital activity of plant organisms. Vegetation, or growing season, in agricultural practice, the time from the beginning of growth to... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (from lat. vegetatio excitement, revival), growth, active (as opposed to a state of rest) vital activity of plant organisms ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
VEGETATION, vegetation, many. no, female (lat. vegetatio) (bot.). Growth, growth of plants. || Vegetation. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
VEGETATION, and, female. (specialist.). Growth and development of plants. | adj. vegetation, oh, oh. During the period. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Vegetation. The word, taken from Latin, is sometimes used instead of the word vegetation or instead of the word vegetation and even growth... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
VEGETATION- (from Lat. vegetatio excitement, revival), 1) active life of plants; growing season; 2) synonym for vegetation. Ecological encyclopedic dictionary. Chisinau: Main editorial office of the Moldavian Soviet Encyclopedia. I.I. Dedu... ... Ecological dictionary
vegetation- and, f. vegetation f. lat. vegetatio. 1. Vegetation. I was recently in a greenhouse on Elagin Island, I saw trees from the southern regions there. I thought about our growing season, and again the climate is warm. 1823. N. Turgenev Diary. 355. You, my friend, brightened with your... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
vegetation- growth - Topics telecommunications, basic concepts Synonyms growth EN vegetation ... Technical Translator's Guide
The life of plants occurs with a certain periodicity, in which both attenuation and a burst of active growth are observed. The time when the active development of a plant organism occurs is called the growing season. It is necessary to know about the peculiarities of its occurrence in different garden and vegetable crops in order to manage this process to improve the quality of the crop.
Getting high yields of garden fruits and vegetables is the dream of every summer resident. But this is often hampered by climatic and unfavorable weather conditions. Therefore, it is so important to choose plant varieties that have a growing season suitable for a particular region.
The growing season is the period of time during which the plant is actively developing. It is different for each variety of vegetable and garden crop. Its duration also depends on the climate in which the species grows. The time period can stretch two or more times if there is not enough light, nutrition or water for the body to grow.
The growing season is calculated from the time when the seed germinates until the moment when the fruit ripens. In trees, it is associated with awakening after hibernation, characterized by sap flow and swelling of the buds, until the leaves fall.
The duration of development of a particular plant depends on what type of crop it belongs to - early-ripening, mid-ripening or late-ripening.
There is a different definition for the concept of growing season. This is the part of the year with those temperature conditions that are favorable for the growth and development of plant organisms. It may be shorter than the growing season, since the fruits do not fully ripen in all areas. And in others, the growing season for a particular species is repeated several times. Understanding and having knowledge about the growing season of plants is important and necessary for carrying out competent agricultural technology for garden and vegetable crops.
The lifespan of plants is calculated from the moment shoots emerge from seeds until they die. Therefore, they are divided into the following groups:
- Annual species have a short life span: they bloom, bear fruit and die once. In regions with cold climates, annual seeds are planted in the spring, and the seeds ripen in the fall. In the southern regions, although the growing season of annual plants continues constantly, their life cycle is only one season. This is what happens with pumpkin.
- Some plants will take two years to complete their growing season. First, they reach the state of a root vegetable, a bulb in which nutrients are collected. And the seeds or fruits necessary for the subsequent cultivation of the species are already formed in the second year. In subtropical zones, the growing season of the plant continues naturally, and in cold climates, by planting overwintered plant organs. Within two years, plants go through the full life cycle, which include rutabaga, turnip,.
- Perennials are characterized by fruiting throughout their lives. In the first year, they form organs - rhizomes, bulbs - with a supply of nutrients. After wintering, shoots appear from them, which develop and progress until they mature and die. These periods last for many years. These types of plants include horseradish, rhubarb, sorrel, and some types of onions. From flower crops - lilies of the valley.
The short growing season of annuals allows you to annually update species and experiment with plantings. And your favorite perennials delight you with their fruits and flowers every year, without requiring any hassle or time.
Currants are classified as frost-resistant species, so the growing season of the berry bush begins even at a temperature of about five degrees Celsius. The white and red plant species are not afraid of spring frosts. But for black currants during flowering, low temperatures are dangerous; they can damage the buds and flowers. It is afraid of severe frosts, so its shoots often freeze slightly.
Each period on the currant bush there is an increase in young shoots, which stops by the age of five years of the plant’s life. In gooseberries this happens a year or two later. After this, the berry yield decreases sharply.
Removing old branches will help currants and gooseberries renew themselves.
They are cut out in early spring along with frozen shoots. Applying fertilizers in the form of diluted bird droppings or mullein will speed up the ripening process of the berries. In order for the berries to plump well, they need a lot of moisture.
During the growing season, currants are watered up to four to five times, and gooseberries - two or three. The growing season of berry bushes ends with harvesting. Gooseberries ripen at the end of July - beginning of August, black currants - after July 15, and red currants - in the first half of the month. Protecting shrubs from spring frosts, providing them with sufficient light and humidity will allow them to go through the growing season to the fullest extent.
The ripening period of vegetables such as tomatoes and depends on the choice of variety. For early ripening varieties of cucumbers, the growing season lasts no more than sixty days, and for late varieties it is extended by ten to twenty days. In tomatoes, ripeness of early varieties occurs ninety days after emergence, in mid-ripening varieties - one hundred, late varieties need 110 - 130 days. Depending on this, vegetables are sowed.
Only in the southern regions are tomatoes sown directly in open ground, as they will ripen during the growing season. In temperate climates, they are grown in seedlings, bringing the seedlings to sixty days of age. To accelerate the growth of tomatoes, they need feeding at intervals of two weeks. To get ripe fruits on time, it is necessary to restrain the powerful vegetative growth of the main shoot and stepsons. Therefore, the side shoots are removed, and the bushes are fed with phosphorus and potassium.
You can speed up the growing season of cucumbers by heating the seeds before sowing.
An increase in soil temperature helps the vegetable ripen quickly. This is facilitated by sowing peas next to cucumbers. Application and timely helps to accelerate the growth of fruits. During the growing season, several crops of cucumbers are harvested. The growing season for cucumbers and tomatoes is considered over if ripened seeds for the next year are collected from the fruits.
The growth of fruit trees begins with the swelling of the buds. First, the flower buds bloom, and a week later the leaf buds bloom. Each type of fruit tree has a different growing season:
- The apple trees are starting to wake up as the heat increases. As soon as the air temperature warms up to ten degrees above zero, the buds open. The flowering of the tree lasts ten days. Depending on the variety, apple trees bear fruit from July to late autumn. The growing season of the fruit tree is extended by watering and fertilizing.
- The awakening begins already at daily temperatures of six degrees Celsius. Flowering is delayed from the beginning of the growing season by fifteen days. It will stop if there is a sudden cold snap. After one to three weeks of flowering, the pear tree will begin to bear fruit.
- It has a typical lifespan of twenty years, and it begins to bear fruit in the fourth or seventh year. After flowering in May on plum trees, the fruits form and ripen in August for early varieties, and in mid-September for late varieties.
- characterizes undemandingness to temperatures, soil composition, and care. It goes through the growing season easily and quickly, waking up in early April.
Fruit trees need to create comfortable conditions so that they can produce high yields of apples, pears, and plums.
In regions with temperate and cold climates, it is difficult for plants to go through the growing season completely. Therefore, you need to know ways to speed it up:
- Plant life in early spring is based on nutrients that it takes from the soil or accumulated in the roots. A low percentage of them will not allow flower buds to form, and then there will be no harvest. Therefore, for perennial crops, fruit trees and shrubs, the growing season begins if nutrients are added to the soil in the fall. And applying nitrogen-containing fertilizers in the spring will help the plant quickly strengthen and begin its development.
- The period of development of fruit trees can be shortened not only by mineral fertilizing, but also by preserving moisture by snow retention. Then the spring activity of the tree will accelerate.
- The delay in sowing does not allow many annuals to complete their growing season, that is, to produce seeds or fruits. Therefore, it is important to sow crops on time, taking into account the climatic conditions of the region. And often for plants with a long growing season it is necessary to grow them using seedlings.
- For heat-loving plants, a large amount of daylight is important, so some species are best grown in greenhouses with.
Depending on what the crop is grown for, the method of influencing the duration of its growing season is also selected. We need heads of cabbage, so we must not let the vegetable plant bloom, but focus our efforts on the quality of the fruit.
More information can be found in the video:
Not many people know that in botany such concepts as “vegetation” and “growing season” have slightly different meanings. The first of them determines the period of time in which a plant is most active, i.e. grows and develops as quickly as possible. The second concept means the time from the appearance of the initial shoots to the harvesting of the resulting crop and covers the entire development time of a plant. The growing season of plants, its duration, as much as the growing season, influence the size and quality of fruiting of plant organisms.
It should be noted that the growing season of a plant growing in the north will not be the same as if it were growing in the south, due to different climatic conditions. Accordingly, in the south the growing season can occur much faster than in the north.
However, this period can be accelerated. To do this, you should pay attention to the following methods:
Plant growing season
- You can consider the growth of cucumbers. They are divided into early-ripening and late-ripening varieties. For the former, the growing season lasts about 100 days, for the latter this period can take up to 115 days.
Please note that too low a temperature is not normal for cucumbers. The most favorable indicators in this case are:
- — during the day from +20 to +25;
- — at night about +17.
This applies not only to cucumbers, but also to tomatoes.
- Tomatoes are also divided into several varieties: from early ripening (the growing season takes 65–75 days) to late ones, whose growing season lasts on average 125 days.
- For fruit trees (such as apple trees), the growth period takes on average 18–25 days, and flowering usually lasts about 10 days.
Observation of plant growth
There are situations when the growing season should be controlled in order to obtain the desired harvest in the future. Sometimes it will be useful to speed up the growing season, but, on the contrary, make the fruiting of the crop a little slower. An example for this would be cucumbers or tomatoes. It is in this case that in order to store fruits it would be better to slow down the growing season of their crop. But you should also take into account that vegetables must have time to ripen.
Growing season of cucumbers
The growing season for plants of this type, such as cucumber, requires increased attention from agronomists. To get a harvest that can please you, you need to know a lot about the development features of this plant.
First of all, before planting cucumbers, you need to fertilize the soil with various minerals (you can create a solution and pour it on the soil). Then loosen it, form a hole and plant the finished seedlings there. It should also be noted that cucumbers are not planted as deep as tomatoes; they can be left at ground level.
Then, as soon as flowering begins, the first 4-5 of the nodes should be cut off to better strengthen the root system.
Not to mention the need for good, abundant watering in the future, it is necessary to pay tribute to regular loosening of the soil. This is done in order to prevent the formation of a crust on the surface of the earth and to ensure good access of oxygen to the root system of cucumbers, which is an important component of their growing season.
Loosening can be done both before and after watering. However, in the first case the depth should be about 12 cm, in the second - 2 times less. This allows not only to improve the “breathing” of cucumbers and their vegetative growth, but also to rid them of weeds that can carry various diseases and interfere with crop growth.
State of rest
This is the period when the plant “sleeps” and exists only due to what it managed to gain during its growing season. This usually lasts from the moment when the cold weather begins, the trees and shrubs have shed their leaves, and the crops have brought their last harvest.
In order to avoid the death of the plant during this period, it is extremely important to recharge in the fall so that in the spring it “wake up” healthy and ready for the next growing season, which includes flowering, which also consumes a lot of energy and microelements.
Flowering plants
After winter, when the plant is active again, fruit buds begin to appear. Once the flowers inside the buds are fully formed, swelling occurs and they bloom. This is where the flowering period begins, usually lasting several days, since the buds do not begin to bloom all at once, but gradually, one after another, which significantly increases their chances of good pollination, which is so important (if fertilization does not occur in a timely manner, the flower dies ).
Duration of the growing season
As previously noted, this period lasts from seed germination to their death. Depending on the duration of this process, plants are divided into the following:
This is probably all the basic data that you should rely on when growing a particular crop in order to get the desired harvest and positive emotions.
Beginning gardeners, when growing a particular plant, often confuse the concepts of “growing season” and “growing season.” But these are two different concepts. The article below will discuss what the growing season of fruit trees is and what the growing season is.
The growing season (vegetation) is the time from the beginning of buds to the leaves of a particular plant fall. There are main and transitional growing seasons.
The growing season is the time interval of the year when the plant develops in accordance with natural conditions, that is, if it grows well and bears fruit in an area with one climate, in another with unfavorable conditions it will either die or the fruits will not ripen. The length of the growing season will depend on air temperature, humidity and day length.
Growing season
During this time, the plant develops rapidly. Its leaves and flowers bloom, its crops begin to bloom, grow and ripen. From the moment the plant awakens, its root system begins to grow. It is important that by the time foliage appears, it has strong roots and many small roots, through which the tree receives all the beneficial substances from the ground. The more nutritious the soil, the stronger the plant.
Periods of fruit tree development
By mid-July, the tree slows down its growth, but the foliage continues to intensively perform its function, accumulating starch. The shoots become woody, the tone of the roots slows down.
Transition period in autumn
By this time, enough starch has already accumulated, which is processed into sugar, due to which the trees increase winter hardiness. At this time, the root system builds up suction roots right up to frost.
Important! In autumn it is very useful to apply fertilizers for better growth and harvest for the next year, so it is recommended to loosen the soil for aeration.
Winter peace
In winter, it seems to everyone that fruit trees are lifeless or are resting from summer fruiting. But that's not true. The roots actively continue to obtain moisture and nutrients for the plant. Only at this time the trees consume much more moisture than they receive. Therefore, you should prepare the plants in advance with proper fertilizing and watering in the two previous stages.
Winter peace
Transitional spring
In spring everything wakes up. The tree begins to grow again, but at this time the roots cannot yet receive the necessary substances from the soil. Therefore, nature made sure that the trees used autumn reserves. This is why autumn processing is so important. Thus, if the fertilizing was balanced in the fall, then in the spring it will be easier for the plant to recover from frost, for which it will later reward with a rich harvest.
There is no time frame for the growing season, since the stages of all crops are different. And a lot can affect the development of plants:
- soil quality;
- natural conditions;
- variety;
- agricultural technology.
Important! If spring came earlier, the snow melted early, and warm weather set in, then the growing season will come earlier than in the previous year.
In fruit trees, the initial stage of the growing season is the swelling of the buds, and the end is the picking of fruits, berries and leaf fall.
Tree in spring
Age periodicity of fruit trees
Growth of vegetative parts
This time begins when the seeds begin to germinate and ends with the completion of fruit formation. The time period may differ for different species, for example:
- peach - 2-3 years;
- cherry, plum - 4-5 years;
- apple tree - 4-10 years.
At the same time, increased growth of the tree as a whole and its root system is observed. It can be significantly helped by resorting to agrotechnical care measures. For example, pruning will stimulate the growth of the main branches, loosening the soil will help the roots develop better, stopping watering after the fruits have formed will help the shoots become more woody before winter dormancy.
Apple tree pruning
Growth and fruiting
This phase continues from the first fruits until the onset of stable harvests. The number of fruits increases every year. It is very important to properly feed the tree during this period, as well as to correctly form the crown. Controlling harmful insects and diseases at this stage will help protect the vegetative parts of the tree.
Fruiting and growth
This stage continues from stable to maximum fruit. At this time, rejuvenate the crown by cutting out frame branches that grow incorrectly or on which fruits or berries do not form, so that young and strong shoots replace aging ones. Weak branches on which the ovary does not form should also be removed so that the tree does not waste energy in vain. Continue prevention against diseases and harmful insects and rodents.
Periods of growth and fruiting of apple trees
Fruiting and drying out
Over time, trees age and begin to dry out. Frame branches stop forming on them, fruiting is not as abundant as before, and the tree does not grow. The entire frame gradually dries out. In places where excess shoots are cut, tops are formed. There is no growth of new branches at all. During this period, more careful care should be carried out: cultivate the soil, continue to apply fertilizers. At this stage, the tree is more vulnerable than ever to pests and diseases, which it will not have the strength to fight unless the gardener helps.
Complete drying
This is when all the branches of a tree or bush have dried up and fruits do not form. Means that the plant has died.
Important! Each tree also has phenological growth phases. Trees and shrubs have two types of buds: from some shoots (growth buds) grow, and from others - flowers.
Phenophases for growth buds:
- peace in winter;
- when the buds swell;
- kidney scales move apart;
- formation of a green leaf;
- shoot formation and growth;
- maturation;
- change in leaf color and shedding.
Phenophases for fruit buds:
- peace in winter;
- kidney swelling;
- formation of inflorescences;
- bud separation;
- coloring the tops of the buds;
- flowering period;
- Petal fall;
- discarding excess ovary;
- fruit growth and ripening.
Now, knowing what the growing season is for fruit trees and shrubs and what the growing season is, novice gardeners will not be mistaken in which phase they need to prune, spray, loosen and water.
