Blow 3 shapes. Forms of verbs in English. Learning irregular English verbs with rap

Our topic today is getting to know such an interesting phenomenon as forms of irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. The French language is also rich in irregular verbs. Irregular English verbs have three or four forms?

Romanian language, German language, Latin language, Greek language also contain irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? It's very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have an ending -ed.

How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?

For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the Past Simple:

As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated the same way, according to the pattern of stem + ending -ed.

The situation is completely different in the case of irregular verbs. Let's conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are irregular, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, completely different form at the end or even at the root of the word:

Even the naked eye can see that each of these verbs appeared in its own form, completely different from the others. The catch is that there is no specific rule by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them is conjugated differently. The English language, friends, is full of tricks and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.

Three forms of irregular verbs

So what are these three forms?

• The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
• The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
• The third is Past Participle II, the one that is used in the present perfect tense (Present Perfect) and in the long past tense (Past Perfect). The same form is used in the passive voice (Passive Voice), in the conditional mood of the 3-d case and some other grammatical rules.

Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:

• To arise - arose - arisen - to rise
• To be - was, were - been - to be
• To bear - bore - born - to give birth
• To become - became - become - become, become
• To begin - began - began - to begin
• To catch - caught - caught - to catch, to catch
• To choose - chose - chosen - to choose
• To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
• To dream - dreamt - dreamt - dream, dream
• To feel - felt - felt - to feel
• To forget - forgot - forgotten - to forget
• To have - had - had - to have

Now let’s look at these 3 forms using example sentences in all of the above verb tenses.

• So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):

Yesterday she felt herself bad ( to feel). — Yesterday she felt bad. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). — Last Wednesday we met Jim. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “Last night I dreamed about you.” I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.

• Present Perfect Tense:

I have just seen him ( to see). - I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). — Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London ( to be)? - Have you ever been in London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend ( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.

• Past Perfect Tense:

I noticed that I had forgotten my keys ( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). — He realized that he had lost his documents.

• Passive Voice:

The dog is fed by me ( to feed). — The dog was fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). - Made in France.

• Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). The second and third forms appear here:

If I had money, I would buy a car ( to have). — If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?

Cheat sheet for memorizing Irregular Verbs

As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed; everyone has their own. But we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember these irregular verbs:

To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broken-broken

To come-come-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim-swam-swum

To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flown

Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten

To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept

To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught

To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought

To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost

To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held

From this funny poetic form we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thereby make it easier for us to remember them.

"Fourth" form of irregular verbs

There is a common belief that there is also a 4th form of irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme stem + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in such tenses as the Present Continuous and the Past Continuous. In other words, it is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.

Let's look at this very 4th form using examples of sentences with the Present Continuous.

The main difficulty with English verbs is that in English there is no rule by which their past form is formed. And worse than that, there is no logic in her education.

To use these verbs in the past tense, you need to memorize them. Moreover, many irregular verbs have two different past tense forms. To do this, you will need constant practice, which you can get in English courses for adults from Easy Speak.

Since when using irregular verbs you will come across the concepts of “verb forms” more than once, in this article we will look at what they are.

What are the forms of English verbs?

A verb is an action that someone/something does. For example: lie down, run, jump, swim.

All English verbs are divided into regular and irregular. Knowing whether a verb is regular or irregular is necessary in order to use it in the past tense.

In Russian we add "l" at the end to put the verb in the past tense.

Present time: reading, writing, walking, swimming.

Past tense: read, wrote, walked, swam.

In English, some verbs are formed according to rules, while others are not. I think you've already guessed that this is the difference between regular and irregular verbs.

Regular verbs in English- these are those verbs whose past form is formed according to the rules by adding the ending -ed.

For example

work - worked,
work - worked.

Irregular verbs in English- these are verbs whose past form is not formed according to the rules. At the same time, there is no logic in its education.

For example

buy - bought,
buy - bought.

One of the main difficulties for students is that there is no rule by which one can determine whether a verb is regular or irregular. You can find out only by looking it up in the dictionary or memorizing it.

Verb form is how the verb changes depending on the time it is used.

Both regular and irregular verbs have 3 forms.

Verb forms in English

All verbs have 3 forms.

First form verb- this is the verb itself in the present tense, in the initial form.

For example

(to) work - to work,
(to) do - to do,
(to) buy - buy.

Second form verb is a verb in the past tense (this form is used in all simple past tenses).

worked - worked,
did - did,
bought - bought.

Third form of the verb is a verb in the past tense, which also carries the characteristics of an object (this form is used in the tenses of the Perfect group).

worked - worked,
done - done,
bought - bought.

Note: Of course, when using the 3rd form in our speech, we do not translate it literally, but translate it in the usual past tense.

For example

I have done my homework.
I did my homework (Literally: I did my homework).

How are English verb forms formed?

In regular verbs, both forms of the past tense are formed according to the same rule, so attention is usually not focused on them.

To form the 2nd and 3rd forms, we add the ending -ed to the verb.

Work - worked - worked.

For irregular verbs, the 2nd and 3rd forms can:

• coincide with each other.

Have-had-had,
have - had.

• differ.

Do - did - done,
do - did.

This is precisely the complexity of irregular verbs. To use all 3 forms correctly, you need to memorize them.

Let's look again at the table of formation of 3 forms of verbs.

Table of verb forms in English.

In the article, we looked at the most popular ways to memorize irregular verbs and chose the most effective one.

Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form (as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form the Past Simple tense, and the third is the past participle (used to form Perfect tenses, passive voice and some other forms).

Students often wonder: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Different educational resources give different options, and sometimes the lists reach thousands of words! But don’t be alarmed: there are about two hundred basic verbs, and it’s absolutely possible to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb “to do”: make – made – made and the verb “to remake”: remake – remade – remade are often considered separate words, although the prefix “re” is simply added.

Verbs can be taught simply in alphabetical order, or they can be divided into several groups based on the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are verbs divided according to this principle.

Unchangeable verbs:

Verbs with the same second and third forms

Verbs with matching second and third forms ending in -t

Verbs starting with –ught

Verbs changing -d to -t

Verbs with vowel change: i – a – u

Verbs with the same first and third forms

Verbs with a double consonant in the third form

Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms

Verbs with -e- in the second form and third form with -wn

Verbs with the third form ending in –en

Hello, my dear friends! Today I want to tell you about what the third form of a verb is in English. In British grammar it is called Participle II, which means participle II.

You may ask, why do you need it? The third form in Great Britain is used to form three types of grammatical structures:

1. 4 times group.
2. Statements in the passive voice.
3. Participles and participial phrases.

Thus, participle II is one of the most common word forms of words denoting action, which means that knowledge of the rules for its formation will definitely be useful to you in oral and written speech.

Exception or rule?

All action words in the British language are divided into two large groups: regular and incorrect.

• Regular verbs form Perfect by adding the ending ed. In this case, you must pronounce the resulting word correctly:

It's very simple, similar to Russian, but if the word ends with a consonant + y, then it must be replaced with i.

• Irregular verbs do not form 3 forms according to the rules and therefore can be conditionally classified as exceptions. Their word forms can be looked at in the table of irregular verbs, but for the best it is better to remember them, or at least the frequently occurring ones, for example go – went – ​​gone, we are interested in the third of the whole series, because it will be a gerund.

Take Speakasap courses and, thanks to classes with native speakers, you will quickly remember all the exceptions and be able to use them in your speech at any time.

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In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun comes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs whose endings are - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

You cannot add to them - E.D. , because in the past tense these verbs change completely.

This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.

So how do you determine whether a verb is regular or not?

A little “female” logic will help us here: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. You need to know them first of all.

How to remember irregular verbs?

Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print out a book to quickly memorize irregular verbs ().

Table of irregular verbs with translations

Table. Irregular verbs with translation