This is just a “holiday” for both applicants and Unified State Exam tutors in biology

Since 2016, the official website of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) has published Open Unified State Exam task bank. It groups tasks into 7 blocks of the codifier everyone Unified State Exam tests in biology for all past years of passing the Unified State Exam in our country, and there are already 5185 of them.

189 year and 301 year and year questions have been added.

Although the very form of test tasks in 2017, but essentially nothing has changed :

It is virtually impossible to come up with completely new tasks (the school subject biology is not rubber) and Almost all the questions in the new test tasks are reworked old tasks.

Now you don’t need to “rummage” through the Internet in search of all kinds of “substitute” tests, because you can find.

The FIPI open task bank is a powerful basis for testing your knowledge. True, answers to test tasks are not given, but this will certainly push you to study relevant topics in biology manuals. And to test my knowledge, I can advise you on all questions of the Obz (5185 answers).

By answering the OBZ questions yourself, published on the FIPI website or reading them on my blog in the ““ Category, you then compare your answers with my answers.

If you decide to buyquestions with answersin .pdf format at any from 7 blocks of OBZ FIPI or buy all sections at once, write me a letter [email protected] about the desire to make a purchase.

After my response to your email, you will know that I already haveYour e-mail address, to which I will arrive on the same day (sometimes immediately) after your paymentI will send the purchased materials.

1. Biology as a science. Methods of scientific knowledge. Total 76 tasks - 50 rubles.
2. Cell as a biological system. Total 755 tasks - 400 rubles.
3. Organism as a biological system. Total 991 task - 500 rubles.
4. System and diversity of the organic world. Total 717 tasks - 350 rubles.
5 . The human body and its health. Total 711 tasks - 400 rubles.
6. Evolution of living nature. Total 728 tasks - 400 rubles.
7 . Ecosystems and their inherent patterns. Total 530 tasks - 350 rubles.
8 . Answers to KIM Unified State Exam questions, added to the FIPI OBZ for all Blocks after the exams held in 2017.Total 189 tasks - 250 rubles.
9 . Answers to KIM Unified State Exam questions, added to the FIPI OBZ to all Blocks after exams passed in 2018.Total 301 tasks - 350 rubles.
10 . Answers to KIM Unified State Exam questions, added to the FIPI OBZ for all Blocks after exams held in 2019. Total 170 tasks - 250 rubles.

All 5185 questions with answers across all 7 blocks at once The open bank of FIPI tasks (including tasks for 2017, 2018 and 2019) can be purchased for 3300 rubles, and with a 25% discount, that is, for 2400 rubles.

Hi all! Andrey Puchkov is in touch with you.

When you read the title of this post, you probably thought, “Come on... It can’t be!” But no, maybe!) All month I have been working on answers to the open FIPI task bank. FIPI is a federal institute of pedagogical measurements that works specifically on compiling tasks for the real Unified State Exam. On the institute’s website (fipi.ru) there is a bank of tasks that is recommended for self-mastery.

And here every teacher, teacher, and especially tutor has his own authoritative opinion. Some people think that these tasks are very simple and in fact they are not on the real Unified State Exam. Others believe that these tasks can partially be used on the real Unified State Exam. Well, I’ll tell you my opinion: FIPI tasks, in my opinion, are found in one variation or another in real exams. Albeit in a slightly modified format, but they still exist. It’s easy to prove: every year my guys from the training courses are perplexed, because in the real exam they encountered many tasks that we analyzed in the training courses.

Why did I decide to make answers to these history and social studies assignments? The fact is that many, when preparing for the Unified State Exam, still solve tasks from the Task Bank. And having no answers, no keys, the guys are forced to google and look for answers on the Internet. It's exhausting, confusing, and there's a temptation to go on social networks... and stay there. Well, this story with social studies! But then they still come back... and Google again.

To make life easier for everyone, I decided to work on the keys. On my own behalf, I will say that there are quite a lot of tasks in both history and social studies (about part 10), which definitely weren’t there last year. That’s why the Task Bank is alive and has even been updated a little.

Who needs answers to the Task Bank?

• For guys who are preparing for the Unified State Exam in history and social studies. It is much more convenient and comfortable to have a file with answers than to be stupid and Google on the Internet.
• Teachers who give assignments from this bank to solve in class. It’s simple - I gave you a task, it’s easy to check - based on the answers.
• It’s the same for tutors.

What do I absolutely not recommend doing with the answers? I do not recommend memorizing assignments and answers. Because, firstly, you can go crazy, and, secondly, this is a pointless exercise, because at the real exam, the answer options for the tasks will most likely be shuffled. But to know and understand, or test yourself, is just that!

By the way, these answer files include all tasks and the second part - with a detailed answer! That is, regarding society - these are plans (task 28), social science tasks (task 27) and others. In history, these are tasks with argumentation, all text tasks, etc.!

Examples of tasks and answers to them

Social Studies: Social Relations

In country Z, where all citizens over 63 years of age are guaranteed payment of a state pension, in the context of the economic crisis, a legislative initiative was put forward to abolish state pensions for citizens over 63 years of age who continue to work. This legislative initiative caused public discussion.

Make two assumptions about the arguments of supporters and opponents of this legislative initiative.

Answer:

Arguments of supporters

1. Saving the state budget, which will close the “gaps” in it
2. There are many countries where there are no pensions at all, so this measure is quite acceptable.
3. Citizens work, so being dependent on the state can generally be insulting to them

Arguments of opponents

1. People have been listing order all their lives their money to the state for pensions in old age, and now they cannot count on it.
2. Citizens work because they lack pensions for a decent old age, but this money plays a significant role in their budget - it is unfair to deprive them of it.

Social studies: economics

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The impact of international trade on the national economy.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

Answer:

1. The place of international trade in the sphere of economic relations of different states
2.International organizations involved in world trade:
APEC
WTO
ASEAN
3.Main visible trade relations
Import
Export
4.Basic principles of international trade
Legality: obedience to international laws and legal acts.
Openness and equality
5. Consequences of international trade for the national economy:
Globalization – erasing economic boundaries
Strengthening the scientific and technological revolution
Development of competition in the field of high technologies
The emergence and strengthening of influence of transnational corporations
6. International division of labor as the basic principle of international trade.

Illustrate with three examples the influence of competition on production development.

Answer:

• In January 2019, Apple announced that it would reduce prices for iPhones and other products and would take into account the specifics of the national market. This was done because there is very strong competition in the field of phones and other gadgets: there are also a dozen other companies from China and South Korea on the market. This will also affect production: the company will probably save on components.
• In 2010, Apple introduced the first tablet computer, the iPad, and two years later the tablet computer market was replenished by Samsung, Sony, etc. Today, a tablet computer is available to everyone: you can choose a model based on price and functionality.
• In 2016, SHARP presented its frameless smartphone, a year later all companies on the market presented their frameless smartphones: even Apple made its iPhone frameless in 2017

History: Modern times

One point of view on the activities of Catherine II is that she had a clear plan for reforming Russia, which she strictly followed.

What other point of view on the actions of Catherine do you know? Which point of view do you find more convincing? Give at least three facts and provisions that can serve as arguments confirming your chosen point of view.

Answer:

The second point of view says that the empress was inconsistent in her reforms, and her actual actions often diverged from her plans.

I prefer the second point of view.

Three facts, arguments:

• Catherine quickly abandoned her plans to reform Russia, published in her "Nakaz", after she saw a lack of support in the Statutory Commission, which she dissolved.
• After Pugachev's uprising, Catherine became frightened and carried out provincial reform and other measures to strengthen local power.
• Despite the fact that the empress was filled with hopes for freedom for the Russian peasants, her reign became the “golden age of the Russian nobility.”

If you choose the first point of view:

Arguments:

1. Catherine gave the Charter to the nobility, in which she actually limited her absolute power in the interests of this class (without trial, so that the noble would not lose his honor, property, etc.)
2. Catherine gave a Charter to the cities, in which she tried to expand the support of the regime at the expense of the third, urban estate, in order to have a social basis for progressive reforms, in particular, she introduced self-government to the cities, etc.
3. Catherine wrote an “Order” to the Legislative Commission, in which she expressed her views on the progressive structure of Russia and convened the Legislative Commission to implement it.

At the beginning of January 1905, the “Meeting of Russian Factory Workers of the City of St. Petersburg,” led by Priest Gapon, decided to submit a petition to the Tsar outlining the demands of the workers. The authorities, including the tsar, were aware of the workers’ desire to file a petition.

Give at least three reasons why workers are dissatisfied with their situation.

Indicate how the petition ended.

State one major consequence of the events surrounding the filing of the petition.

Answer:

Reasons for workers' dissatisfaction

1. The working day was not standardized for workers; many worked 16 hours at the discretion of the plant administration.
2. Women's labor was not limited, and children's labor was not prohibited.
3. There was no social insurance against accident or illness: the worker was simply fired, left to die on the street.

Petition ended with the shooting of a peaceful demonstration

Consequence: The shooting of a peaceful demonstration that wanted to submit a petition to the Tsar led to the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907.

Review the historical situation and answer the questions.

In 1914, Austria-Hungary, backed by Germany, started a war with Serbia. Russian Emperor Nicholas II faced a difficult choice: support Serbia and cause a war with both Austria-Hungary and its ally Germany, or refuse to support the Serbs. Many close associates convinced the king not to enter the war. However, Nicholas II decided to support Serbia, and Germany, and then Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia.

Give at least three reasons why Nicholas II made such a decision. Indicate at least two main consequences of the outbreak of war for Russia.

Answer:

Causes:

1. For Russia, support for the Christian peoples of Europe, who were viewed as younger brothers, became the basis of its foreign policy. Lack of support would mean a betrayal of the interests of the Slavic and Orthodox world.
2. Russia could not allow the strengthening of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans, which had long considered these territories as its own.
3. Russia was a member of the Entente - a union of states along with France and England, which opposed the Triple Alliance; a concession to Austria-Hungary would have meant the defeat of the Entente in foreign policy.

Consequences:

1. The war aggravated all the issues facing the country in domestic politics: peasant, worker, and also added new problems: economic, grain, railway crises.
2. The First World War led Russia to the February Revolution and the overthrow of the autocracy, the establishment of a republican form of government, and then (in October) the Soviet republic. The autocracy failed to solve the country's most important problems.

And so on for all tasks in the second part of the Unified State Exam, not to mention the first!

How to get answers

We posted:

• All sections on the discipline history! (Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Modern times, Contemporary times) answers to 4270 tasks!
• 3 sections in the discipline of social science (Man and Society, Social Relations and Law) answers to 2052 tasks!

Immediately after payment you receive a link to your e-mail to a folder on Yandex disk, which already contains all the files with the answers:

So, you can easily purchase the entire package of history or social studies answers at a significant discount.

History: all sections (answers to 4270 tasks)

4900 rubles

2900 rubles

regular cost 750 rubles)

Ready-made essay templates on history/society ()

Answers to possible questions:

Question: What about essays on history and society?

Answer: Along with the last file, detailed plans for essays on both history and society will be attached on all topics in the FIPI Assignment Bank. Writing ready-made essays is pointless, because they will be the same. And such ready-made texts will not help on the real Unified State Exam. But writing essays according to a pre-known plan is much easier.

Question: What should I do if I haven’t received a letter with materials?

Answer: check the SPAM folder in your mailbox. If not there, write to us

And we will immediately send a letter with the ordered materials to your e-mail!

Question: how to pay?

Answer: the easiest way:

We have collected for you all the texts from the FIPI open task bank. There are only 34 of them. You will definitely come across one of these texts at the OGE! Prepare for this task using our website.

Use it!

Text 1 (about precious books)

No matter how interesting a child’s home and school life may be, if he does not read precious books, he will be deprived. Such losses are irreparable. Adults can read a book today or in a year - the difference is small. In childhood, time is counted differently; here every day there are discoveries. And the acuteness of perception in childhood is such that early impressions can later influence the rest of one’s life. Childhood impressions are the most vivid and lasting impressions. This is the foundation of future spiritual life, a golden fund.
In childhood, the seeds are sown. Not everyone will germinate, not everyone will bloom. But the biography of the human soul is the gradual germination of seeds sown in childhood.
Subsequent life is complex and varied. It consists of millions of actions, determined by many character traits and, in turn, forming this character. But if you trace and find the connection between phenomena, it will become obvious that every character trait of an adult, every quality of his soul and, perhaps, even every action of his were sown in childhood, and since then have had their own germ, their own seed.

Ready-made condensed presentation

If a child has not read precious books, he is deprived, because in childhood time is counted differently, every day there are discoveries. Early childhood experiences can influence your entire life. They are the foundation of future spiritual life.

Not all seeds sown in childhood will germinate and blossom, but the biography of the soul is the germination of these seeds.
Subsequent life consists of actions that are both determined by character and shape it. Every quality of an adult's soul and, perhaps, every action he took were sown in childhood.

Text 2 (about self-doubt)

Self-doubt is an ancient problem, but it attracted the attention of doctors, teachers and psychologists relatively recently - in the middle of the 20th century. It was then that it became clear: ever-increasing self-doubt could cause a lot of troubles - even serious illnesses, not to mention everyday problems.
What about psychological problems? After all, self-doubt can serve as the basis for constant dependence on the opinions of others. Let's imagine how uncomfortable a dependent person feels: other people's assessments seem to him much more important and significant than his own; He sees each of his actions primarily through the eyes of those around him. And most importantly, he wants approval from everyone, from loved ones to passengers on the tram. Such a person becomes indecisive and cannot correctly assess life situations.
How to overcome self-doubt? Some scientists are looking for an answer to this question based on physiological processes, others rely on psychology. One thing is clear: self-doubt can be overcome only if a person is able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The ancient problem of self-doubt attracted the attention of specialists only in the middle of the 20th century. Then it became clear that it could cause trouble, everyday problems and even serious illnesses.
Lack of self-confidence can become the basis for dependence on other people's opinions. Other people's assessments seem more important to the addict than their own; He sees every action he takes through the eyes of those around him and desires approval from everyone. Such a person cannot correctly assess situations.
How to overcome self-doubt? To do this, a person must be able to correctly set goals, relate them to external circumstances and positively evaluate their results.

Text 3 (about mom)

The word "mother" is a special word. It is born with us, accompanies us in the years of growing up and maturity. It is babbled by a child in a cradle. Pronounced with love by the young man and the very old man. The language of every nation has this word. And in all languages ​​it sounds tender and affectionate.
The place of a mother in our lives is special, exceptional. We always bring our joy and pain to her and find understanding. Mother's love inspires, gives strength, inspires heroism. In difficult life circumstances, we always remember our mother. And at this moment we only need her. A man calls his mother and believes that no matter where she is, she hears him, has compassion and rushes to help. The word “mother” becomes equivalent to the word “life”.
How many artists, composers, poets have created wonderful works about mother! "Take care of mothers!" - the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov proclaimed in his poem. Unfortunately, we realize too late that we forgot to say a lot of good and kind words to our mother. To prevent this from happening, you need to give them joy every day and hour. After all, grateful children are the best gift for them.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The word “mother” is a special word that is born with us and accompanies us throughout our lives. It is pronounced with love by both the young man and the old man. It is in the language of any people, and in all languages ​​it sounds affectionate.
The place of a mother in our lives is special. We bring her joy and pain and find understanding. A mother's love inspires and inspires. In difficult life circumstances, a person calls his mother and believes that she is compassionate and rushes to help.
How many artists have created works about mother! Rasul Gamzatov bequeathed in his poem to take care of mothers. So that it is not too late to say good and kind words to mothers, you need to give them joy constantly. Grateful children are the best gift for them.

Text 4 (about favorite toys)

Each of us once had favorite toys. Perhaps every person has a bright and tender memory associated with them, which he carefully keeps in his heart. A favorite toy is the most vivid memory from every person’s childhood.
In the age of computer technology, real toys no longer attract as much attention as virtual ones. But despite all the emerging new products, such as telephones and computer equipment, the toy still remains unique and irreplaceable of its kind, because nothing teaches and develops a child more than a toy with which he can communicate, play and even acquire life skills. experience.
A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person. In order to develop and strengthen positive qualities in him, make him mentally healthy, instill love for others, form a correct understanding of good and evil, you need to carefully choose a toy, remembering that it will bring into his world not only his image, but also behavior, attributes, as well as a value system and worldview. It is impossible to raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Every person has a memory associated with his favorite toy, because it is the most vivid memory of any person’s childhood.
In the age of computer technology, virtual toys receive more attention than real ones. But despite the latest technology, the toy remains indispensable because it teaches and develops the child.
A toy is the key to the consciousness of a little person, so you need to carefully choose a toy that will bring your image, behavior, value system and worldview into his world. You cannot raise a full-fledged person with the help of negative toys.

Text 5 (about love)

Times are changing, new generations are coming, for whom, it would seem, everything is different from the previous ones: tastes, interests, life goals. But intractable personal issues, meanwhile, for some reason remain unchanged. Why? Perhaps because the depths of human psychology are inflexible material, changing slowly. Therefore, today's teenagers, like their parents in their time, are concerned about the same thing: how to attract the attention of someone you like? How to distinguish infatuation from true love? And, of course, the main thing: what is love?
A youthful dream of love is, no matter what they say, first of all, a dream of understanding. After all, a teenager definitely needs to realize himself in communication with peers: to demonstrate his ability to sympathize and empathize. And just to show his qualities and abilities to those who are friendly towards him, who are ready to understand. What about friendship? - you ask. I think all this is typical of friendly relationships. Of course, friendly communication also reveals a person’s personality. But to what extent? Is the degree of trust in a friend as great as in a loved one?
Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other. Trust, which reveals in everyone the best that a person is capable of. True love certainly includes friendships, but is not limited to them. It is always greater than friendship, since only in love do we recognize another person’s full right to everything that makes up our world.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Times change, but difficult personal issues remain the same. The depths of human psychology change slowly, so today’s teenagers, like their parents in their youth, are concerned with the same questions, the main one of which is what is love?
A youthful dream of love is a dream of understanding, because a teenager needs to show his ability to sympathize and show his qualities. Similar behavior is also characteristic of friendly communication, where a person’s personality is also revealed. But is the degree of trust in a friend as great as in a loved one?
Love is the unconditional and boundless trust of two people in each other, revealing the best qualities of a person. True love, although it includes friendship, is always greater than it, because only in love do we recognize the other’s full right to our world.

Text 6 (about friendship)

Ready-made condensed presentation

Text 7 (about mutual assistance and mutual assistance)

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about such things as mutual assistance and mutual assistance. Human society has just formed and continues to exist, thanks to a common cause and helping the weak, thanks to the fact that each of us complements each other. And how can we now support the completely opposite point of view, which says that there are no other interests other than our own? And the point here is not even that it sounds selfish, the point is that it is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.
Do you understand how much deeper this is than it seems? After all, individualism destroys society, and therefore weakens each of us. And only mutual support can preserve and strengthen society.
And what is more in line with our common interests: mutual benefit or primitive selfishness? There can be no two opinions here. We must help each other if we all want to live well together and not depend on anyone. And when helping people in difficult times, you don’t have to expect gratitude, you just need to help without looking for benefits for yourself, and then they will help you in return, for sure.

Ready-made condensed presentation

In a society where the idea of ​​individualism is cultivated, many have forgotten about mutual assistance. How can we support the view that there are no interests other than our own? It is in this issue that personal and public interests intertwine.
Individualism destroys society; only mutual support will preserve it.
What is more in our interests: mutual assistance or primitive selfishness? There cannot be two opinions. We must help each other if we want to live well. You need to help your neighbor in difficult times, and not expect gratitude. You must do good unselfishly, and then they will definitely help you in return.

Text 8 (about love for nature)

When I was ten years old, someone’s caring hand gave me a volume of “Hero Animals.” I consider it my “alarm clock”. I know from other people that for them the “alarm clock” of the feeling of nature was a month spent in the village in the summer, a walk in the forest with a person who “opened his eyes to everything,” the first trip with a backpack, spending the night in the forest...
There is no need to list everything that can awaken in human childhood interest and reverent attitude towards the great mystery of life. Growing up, a person must comprehend with his mind how complexly everything in the living world is intertwined and interconnected, how this world is strong and at the same time vulnerable, how everything in our lives depends on the wealth of the earth, on the health of living nature. This school is a must have.
And yet, at the beginning of everything is Love. When awakened in time, it makes learning about the world interesting and exciting. With it, a person also finds a certain point of support, an important point of reference for all the values ​​of life. Love for everything that turns green, breathes, makes sounds, sparkles with colors, and there is love that brings a person closer to happiness.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The volume of “Hero Animals” became for me an “alarm clock” for my sense of nature. For others, such an “alarm clock” was walks in the forest, life in the village, or an overnight trip.
A person, growing up, must mentally comprehend the internal interconnection of the entire living world, its strength and vulnerability at the same time, the dependence of everything in our lives on the health and wealth of the earth and nature. This school should exist.
But at the beginning of everything there is Love for all living things - the starting point of all life values. It brings a person closer to happiness.

Text 9 (about the importance of family in raising a child)

We often talk about the difficulties associated with raising a person just starting out in life. And the biggest problem is the weakening of family ties, the diminishing importance of the family in raising a child. And if in the early years nothing strong in a moral sense was instilled in a person by his family, then later society will have a lot of trouble with this citizen.
The other extreme is excessive parental care of the child. This is also a consequence of the weakening of the family principle. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive in the future to pay off their internal spiritual debt with belated petty care and material benefits.
The world is changing, becoming different. But if parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, shifting the main concerns to grandparents or public organizations, then one should not be surprised that another child acquires cynicism and disbelief in selflessness so early that his life becomes impoverished, becomes flat and dry.

Ready-made condensed presentation

We often talk about the difficulties of raising a child. The big problem is the weakening of family ties. If the family has not instilled anything strong in a person in a moral sense, then society will have trouble with him.
The other extreme is excessive parental care. Parents did not give their child enough warmth and, feeling this guilt, strive to repay their spiritual debt with material benefits.
The world is changing. But if the parents were unable to establish internal contact with the child, then one should not be surprised that the child will early acquire cynicism, disbelief in selflessness, that his life becomes flat and dry.

Text 10 (about doing good)

One man was told that an acquaintance had spoken about him in unflattering terms. "Are you kidding! - the man exclaimed. “I didn’t do anything good for him...” Here it is, the algorithm of black ingratitude, when good is answered with evil. In life, one must assume, this man has more than once met people who have mixed up the guidelines on the moral compass.
Morality is a guide to life. And if you deviate from the road, you may well wander into a windfall, thorny bushes, or even drown. That is, if you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same towards you.
How should we approach this phenomenon? Be philosophical. Do good and know that it will surely pay off. I assure you that you yourself will receive pleasure from doing good. That is, you will be happy. And this is the goal in life - to live it happily. And remember: sublime natures do good.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The man was told that an acquaintance had spoken badly about him. The man replied that this could not happen, because he had not done anything good for his friend. In his life, this man clearly met people who had mixed up their moral guidelines.
Morality is a guide to life. If you behave ungratefully towards others, then people have the right to behave the same way towards you.
This phenomenon must be treated philosophically. Do good and know that it will pay off, that you yourself will enjoy it and be happy. Sublime natures do good.

Text 11 (about power)

The essence of the concept of “power” lies in the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. A tree, if not disturbed, grows straight up. But even if it does not manage to grow evenly, then it, bending under obstacles, tries to get out from under them and stretch upward again. So is man. Sooner or later he will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if once they have managed to throw off their “burden,” then they themselves often turn into tyrants.
If you command everywhere and everyone, then loneliness awaits a person as the end of life. Such a person will always be lonely. After all, he does not know how to communicate on equal terms. Inside he has a dull, sometimes unconscious anxiety. And he feels calm only when people unquestioningly follow his orders. The commanders themselves are unhappy people, and they breed misfortune, even if they achieve good results.
Commanding and managing people are two different things. The one who manages knows how to take responsibility for actions. This approach preserves the mental health of both the person himself and those around him.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Power is the ability of one person to force another to do something that he would not do of his own free will. Sooner or later a person will want to disobey. Submissive people usually suffer, but if they manage to free themselves, they themselves often turn into tyrants.
A man who commands everywhere and everyone will always be alone. He is anxious inside; he feels calm when people follow his orders. Commanders breed misfortune.
Commanding and managing people are two different things. The manager knows how to take responsibility. This approach preserves the mental health of both him and those around him.

Text 12 (about art)

Is it possible to define what art is in one comprehensive formula? Of course not. Art is charm and witchcraft, it is the identification of the funny and the tragic, it is morality and immorality, it is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something separate, capable of existing outside of himself and remaining after him as his trace in history.
The moment a person turns to creativity is perhaps the greatest discovery, unparalleled in history. After all, through art, each individual person and the people as a whole comprehend their characteristics, their life, their place in the world. Art allows us to come into contact with personalities, peoples and civilizations that are distant from us in time and space. And not just touch, but recognize and understand them, because the language of art is universal, and it is this that makes it possible for humanity to feel itself as a single whole.
That is why, since ancient times, an attitude towards art has been formed not as entertainment or amusement, but as a powerful force capable of not only capturing the image of time and man, but also passing it on to descendants.

Ready-made condensed presentation

Is it possible to define what art is? No. Art is the knowledge of the world and man. In art, a person creates his image as something that can leave his mark on history.
A person’s turn to creativity is the greatest discovery, because art allows one to come into contact with both individuals and entire nations, to understand and get to know them. The language of art has provided humanity with the opportunity to feel itself as a single whole.
That is why, since ancient times, art has been treated as a powerful force capable of conveying the image of time and man to future generations.

Text 13 (about the meaning of war for children)

The war was a cruel and rough school for children. They sat not at desks, but in frozen trenches, and in front of them were not notebooks, but armor-piercing shells and machine gun belts. They did not yet have life experience and therefore did not understand the true value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in everyday peaceful life.
The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry not from grief, but from hatred, they could childishly rejoice at the spring crane wedge, as they had never rejoiced either before or after the war, with tenderness they could keep in their souls the warmth of bygone youth. Those who survived returned from the war, having managed to preserve within themselves a pure, radiant peace, faith and hope, becoming more uncompromising to injustice, kinder to goodness.
Although the war has already become history, the memory of it must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Not to forget Time means not to forget People, not to forget People means not to forget Time.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The war was a cruel school for children. They did not yet have life experience and did not understand the value of simple things that you do not attach importance to in peaceful life.
The war filled their spiritual experience to the limit. They could cry from hatred, rejoice at the spring crane wedge. The survivors returned from the war, maintaining a pure peace within themselves, becoming more uncompromising to injustice and kinder to goodness.
The memory of the war must live, because the main participants in history are People and Time. Don't forget Time - don't forget People, and vice versa.

Text 14 (about the ability with age to make drama out of nonsense)

In childhood, a person is happy, as they say now, by default. By nature, a child is a creature instinctively predisposed to happiness. No matter how difficult and even tragic his life may be, he still rejoices and constantly finds new and new reasons for this. Perhaps because there is nothing to compare life with yet. He does not yet suspect that it could be somehow different, but most likely, it is still because the soul has not yet had time to become covered with a shell and is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.
And with age, everything seems to turn inside out. No matter how calm and prosperous life may be, we will not calm down until we find some thorn in it, a clumsiness, a problem, we cling to it and feel deeply unhappy. And we believe in the drama we have invented, we sincerely complain about it to our friends, we waste time, health, and mental strength on worries.
Only when a truly real tragedy happens do we understand how absurd imaginary suffering is and how trivial the reason for it is. Then we grab our heads and say to ourselves: “Lord, what a fool I was when I suffered because of some nonsense. No, to live for your own pleasure and enjoy every minute.”

Ready-made condensed presentation

In childhood a person is happy. A child is instinctively predisposed to happiness, no matter how difficult his life may be. Perhaps he simply has nothing to compare with. But, most likely, his soul is more open to goodness and hope than the soul of an adult.
With age, no matter how calm our life is, we will not calm down until we find a problem in it and feel unhappy. We spend time, health, and mental strength worrying.
We understand how absurd imaginary suffering is only with the advent of real tragedy. Then we grab our heads and say: “What a fool I was when I suffered because of such nonsense, and did not live for my own pleasure.”

Text 15 (about choosing a life path)

There is simply no universal recipe for how to choose the right, the only true, destined path in life. And the final choice always remains with the person.
We make this choice already in childhood, when we choose friends, learn to build relationships with peers, and play. But we still make most of the most important decisions that determine our life path in our youth. According to scientists, the second half of the second decade of life is the most crucial period. It is at this time that a person, as a rule, chooses the most important thing for the rest of his life: his closest friend, his circle of main interests, his profession.
It is clear that such a choice is a responsible matter. It cannot be brushed aside, it cannot be put off until later. You shouldn’t hope that the mistake can be corrected later: you’ll have time, your whole life is ahead! Something, of course, will be able to be corrected and changed, but not everything. And wrong decisions will not remain without consequences. After all, success comes to those who know what they want, make decisive choices, believe in themselves and persistently achieve their goals.

Ready-made condensed presentation

There is no universal recipe for choosing the right path in life. The final choice remains with the individual.
We make this choice in childhood with the choice of friends, in the game. But we still make most of the most important decisions in our youth. In the most crucial period - in the second half of the second decade of life - a person chooses the most important thing: a friend, interests, profession.
Such a responsible choice cannot be ignored. The error of such a choice may not be corrected later. Wrong decisions will not go without consequences. Success comes to those who know what they want, are determined, persistent and believe in themselves.

Text 16 (about friendship - eternal value)

There are values ​​that change, are lost, disappear, becoming the dust of time. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​remain for thousands of years, which are of great importance for people of all generations and cultures. One of these eternal values, of course, is friendship.
People very often use this word in their language, they call certain people their friends, but few people can formulate what friendship is, who a real friend is, what he should be. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: friendship is a relationship based on mutual openness of people, complete trust and constant readiness to help each other at any time.
The main thing is that friends have the same life values, similar spiritual guidelines. Then they will be able to be friends, even if their attitudes to certain life phenomena are different. And then true friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can talk to each other only occasionally, be separated for many years, and still remain very close friends. Such constancy is the hallmark of true friendship.

Ready-made condensed presentation

There are values ​​that change and disappear. But no matter how society changes, eternal values ​​always remain. One of these eternal values ​​is friendship.
People often use this word, but few can formulate what friendship, a true friend, is. All definitions of friendship are similar in one thing: true friendship contains openness, trust and a willingness to help.
The main thing is that friends have the same spiritual guidelines and similar life values. Then friendship is not affected by time and distance. People can rarely communicate, but remain close friends. This kind of consistency is the hallmark of true friendship.

Text 17 (about kindness)

I remember hundreds of boys’ answers to the question: what kind of person do you want to become? Strong, brave, courageous, smart, resourceful, fearless... And no one said - kind. Why is kindness not put on a par with such virtues as courage and bravery? But without kindness, genuine warmth of the heart, the spiritual beauty of a person is impossible.
And experience confirms that good feelings must have their roots in childhood. If they are not nurtured in childhood, you will never be able to educate them, because they are acquired simultaneously with the knowledge of the first and most important truths, the main one of which is the value of life, someone else’s, your own, life of fauna and plants. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in excitement, joy and sorrow.
Good feelings, emotional culture are the focus of humanity. Today, when there is already enough evil in the world, we should be more tolerant, attentive and kind towards each other, towards the living world around us and do the bravest acts in the name of good. Following the path of goodness is the most acceptable and only path for a person. It is tested, it is true, it is useful both to the individual and to society as a whole.

Ready-made condensed presentation

When asked what kind of person they wanted to become, none of the hundreds of boys answered “kind.” Without kindness, human spiritual beauty is impossible.
Good feelings must be cultivated in childhood; later they cannot be cultivated, because they are acquired with the knowledge of the most important truths, the main of which are the values ​​of any life. Humanity, kindness, goodwill are born in joys and sorrows.
Emotional culture is the center of humanity. Today we should be more tolerant, considerate and kind towards the world around us and take courageous actions in the name of good. The path of goodness is the most acceptable, true and useful for both one person and society.

Text 18 (I was betrayed by a loved one...)

I was betrayed by a loved one, I was betrayed by my best friend. Unfortunately, we hear such statements quite often. Most often, those in whom we have invested our souls betray. The pattern here is this: the greater the benefit, the stronger the betrayal. In such situations, I remember the statement of Victor Hugo: “I am indifferent to the knife blows of an enemy, but the pin prick of a friend is painful to me.”
Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it. A traitor usually explains his act by the interests of the case, but in order to justify the first betrayal, he commits a second, third, and so on ad infinitum.
Betrayal precisely destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently. Someone defends their behavior, trying to justify what they did, someone falls into a feeling of guilt and fear of impending retribution, and someone simply tries to forget everything, without burdening themselves with emotions or thoughts. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty, worthless and meaningless.

Ready-made condensed presentation

I was betrayed by a loved one, my best friend. We hear this quite often. More often those in whom we have invested our souls betray, and the greater the good deed, the stronger the betrayal.
Many endure bullying, hoping that the traitor’s conscience will awaken. But something that is not there cannot wake up. Conscience is a function of the soul, but a traitor does not have it.
Betrayal destroys a person’s dignity, as a result, traitors behave differently: they defend their behavior, fall into feelings of guilt and fear, or try to forget everything. In any case, the life of a traitor becomes empty and meaningless.

Text 19 (Everything goes further...)

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts and souls of people. Indeed, how can we forget our unprecedented feat, our irreparable sacrifices made in the name of victory over the most insidious and cruel enemy - German fascism.

The severity of the four years of war cannot be compared with any other years in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, and bit by bit the secondary things disappear from it: less significant and bright; and then - the essential. In addition, there are fewer and fewer veterans, those who went through the war and could talk about it. If documents and works of art do not reflect the self-sacrifice and resilience of the people, then the bitter experience of past years will be forgotten. And this cannot be allowed!

The theme of the Great Patriotic War has fueled literature and art for decades. Many wonderful films have been made about the life and feats of man during the war, and wonderful works of literature have been created. And there is no intentionality here, there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people who lost millions of human lives during the war years. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to the truth of the war, to its participants, the living, but mainly the dead.

Ready-made condensed presentation

The Great Patriotic War is receding further into the past, but the memory of it is alive in the hearts of people. Let us not forget our unparalleled feat, our irreplaceable sacrifices made in the name of victory over German fascism.
The four war years were the most difficult in our history. But a person’s memory weakens over time, first the secondary, and then the essential, disappears from it. We may forget the bitter experience of past years, but this cannot be allowed.
Many works have been created on the theme of the Great Patriotic War. And there is no intentionality here - there is pain that does not leave the soul of the people. But the most important thing in a conversation on this topic is to maintain moderation and tact in relation to its living and dead participants.

Text 20 (In the modern world there is no man...)

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it. But fiction has a particularly strong impact on a person.
Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.

Text 21 (To appreciate kindness...)

To appreciate kindness and understand its meaning, you must experience it yourself. You need to accept the ray of someone else's kindness and live in it. One must feel how a ray of this kindness takes possession of the heart, word and deeds of one’s whole life. Kindness comes not out of obligation, not out of duty, but as a gift.

Someone else's kindness is a premonition of something greater, which is not even immediately believed. This is the warmth from which the heart warms and begins to move in response. A person who has once experienced kindness cannot help but respond sooner or later, confidently or uncertainly, with his kindness.

It is a great happiness to feel the fire of kindness in your heart and give it free rein in life. In this moment, in these hours, a person finds his best in himself, hears the singing of his heart. “I” and “mine” are forgotten, what is alien disappears, for it becomes “mine” and “me.” And there is no place left in the soul for enmity and hatred.

Text 22 (If you take away a person's ability to dream...)

If you take away a person’s ability to dream, then one of the most powerful motivations that gives rise to culture, art, science and the desire to fight for a wonderful future will disappear. But dreams should not be divorced from reality. They must predict the future and create in us the feeling that we are already living in this future and that we ourselves are becoming different.

Not only children, but also adults need a dream. It causes excitement, a source of high feelings. She does not allow us to calm down and always shows us new sparkling distances, a different life. It disturbs and makes you passionately desire this life. This is its value.

Only a hypocrite can say that we need to calm down and stop. To fight for the future, you need to be able to dream passionately, deeply and effectively. You need to cultivate in yourself a continuous desire for what is meaningful and beautiful.

Text 23 (What are the benefits of reading?)

What are the benefits of reading? Is it true that reading is useful? Why do so many people continue to read? After all, not only to relax or occupy free time.

The benefits of reading books are obvious. Books broaden a person’s horizons, enrich his inner world, and make him smarter. It is also important to read books because it increases a person’s vocabulary and develops clear and clear thinking. Everyone can verify this by their own example. One has only to thoughtfully read some classical work, and you will notice how easier it has become to express your own thoughts with the help of speech, to select the right words. A person who reads speaks more competently. Reading serious works makes us constantly think, it develops logical thinking. Don't believe me? And you read something from the classics of the detective genre, for example, “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes” by Conan Doyle. After reading, you will think faster, your mind will become sharper and you will understand that reading is useful and beneficial.

It is also useful to read books because they have a significant influence on our moral guidelines and on our spiritual development. After reading one or another classic work, people sometimes begin to change for the better.

Text 24 (What is a good book?)

What is a good book? Firstly, the book should be exciting and interesting. After reading the first pages there should be no desire to put it on the shelf. We are talking about books that make us think and express emotions. Secondly, the book should be written in rich language. Thirdly, it must carry a deep meaning. Original and unusual ideas also make the book useful.

You should not get carried away by any one genre or type of literature. Thus, a passion for the fantasy genre alone can turn young readers into goblins and elves who know the way to Avalon much better than the way home.

If you have not read books from the school curriculum or read them in an abbreviated form, you should start with them. Classical literature is a must-have foundation for every person. Great works contain disappointment and joy, love and pain, tragedy and comedy. They will teach you to be sensitive, emotional, help you see the beauty of the world, understand yourself and people. Naturally, read popular science literature. It will expand your horizons, form knowledge about the world, help you determine your path in life, and provide an opportunity for self-development. We hope that these reasons for reading will make the book your best friend.

Text 25 (Having a family and children...)

Having a family and children is as necessary and natural as it is necessary and natural to work. The family has long been held together by the moral authority of the father, who was traditionally considered the head. The children respected and obeyed their father. He was engaged in agricultural work, construction, logging and firewood. The entire burden of peasant labor was shared with him by his adult sons.

The management of the household was in the hands of the wife and mother. She was in charge of everything in the house: she looked after the livestock, took care of food, and clothing. She did not do all this work alone: ​​even children, having barely learned to walk, little by little, along with play, began to do something useful.

Kindness, tolerance, mutual forgiveness of insults grew into mutual love in a good family. Grumpiness and quarrelsomeness were considered a punishment of fate and evoked pity for their bearers. One had to be able to give in, forget the offense, respond kindly or remain silent. Love and harmony between relatives gave rise to love outside the home. It is difficult to expect respect for other people from a person who does not love and respect his family.

Text 26 (The word "culture"...)

The word "culture" is multifaceted. What, first of all, does true culture contain? It carries the concept of spirituality, light, knowledge and true beauty. And if people understand this, then our country will become prosperous. And therefore it would be very good if every city and town had its own cultural center, a creative center not only for children, but also for people of all ages.
True culture is always aimed at upbringing and education. And such centers should be headed by people who understand well what real culture is, what it consists of, and what its significance is.
The key note of culture can be such concepts as peace, truth, beauty. It would be good if honest and selfless people, selflessly devoted to their work, and respecting each other, were involved in culture. Culture is a huge ocean of creativity, there is enough space for everyone, there is something for everyone. And if we all begin to participate together in its creation and strengthening, then our entire planet will become more beautiful.

Text 27 (What does it mean to be cultured...)

What does it mean to be a cultured person? A person who is educated, well-mannered, and responsible can be considered cultured. He respects himself and others. A cultured person is also distinguished by creative work, striving for high things, the ability to be grateful, love of nature and homeland, compassion and empathy for one’s neighbor, and goodwill.
A cultured person will never lie. He will maintain composure and dignity in any life situations. He has a clearly defined goal and achieves it. The main goal of such a person is to increase goodness in the world, to strive to ensure that all people are happy. The ideal of a cultured person is true humanity.
Nowadays people devote too little time to culture. And many people don’t even think about it throughout their lives. It’s good if a person’s process of familiarization with culture occurs from childhood. The child gets acquainted with traditions passed down from generation to generation, absorbs the positive experience of the family and his homeland, and learns cultural values. As an adult, he can be useful to society.

Text 28 (Some people think...)

Some people believe that a person matures at a certain age, for example, at 18, when he becomes an adult. But there are people who remain children even at an older age. What does it mean to be an adult?
Adulthood means independence, that is, the ability to do without anyone’s help or care. A person with this quality does everything himself and does not expect support from others. He understands that he must overcome his difficulties himself. Of course, there are situations when a person cannot cope alone. Then you have to ask for help from friends, relatives and acquaintances. But in general, it is not typical for an independent, adult person to rely on others.
There is an expression: the hand should expect help only from the shoulder. An independent person knows how to be responsible for himself, his affairs and actions. He plans his own life and evaluates himself, without relying on anyone else's opinion. He understands that much in life depends on himself. Being an adult means being responsible for someone else. But for this you also need to become independent, be able to make decisions. Adulthood does not depend on age, but on life experience, on the desire to live life without nannies.

Text 29 (What is friendship?)

What is friendship? How do you become friends? You will most often meet friends among people with a common destiny, the same profession, and common thoughts. And yet it cannot be said with confidence that such a community determines friendship, because people of different professions can become friends.
Can two opposite characters be friends? Certainly! Friendship is equality and similarity. But at the same time, friendship is inequality and dissimilarity. Friends always need each other, but friends do not always receive equal amounts from friendship. One is friends and gives his experience, the other is enriched by experience in friendship. One, helping a weak, inexperienced, young friend, learns his strength and maturity. Another, weak one, recognizes in a friend his ideal, strength, experience, maturity. So, one gives in friendship, the other rejoices in gifts. Friendship is based on similarities, but manifests itself in differences, contradictions, and dissimilarities.
A friend is someone who asserts that you are right, your talent, your merits. A friend is one who lovingly exposes you in your weaknesses, shortcomings and vices.

Text 30 (Friendship is not something external...)

Friendship is not something external. Friendship lies deep in the heart. You cannot force yourself to be a friend to someone or force someone to be your friend.
Friendship requires a lot, first of all mutual respect. What does it mean to respect your friend? This means taking into account his opinion and recognizing his positive traits. Respect is shown in words and deeds. A friend who is respected feels that he is valued as a person, his dignity is respected and he is helped not only out of a sense of duty. In friendship, trust is important, that is, confidence in the sincerity of a friend, that he will not betray or deceive. Of course, a friend can make mistakes. But we are all imperfect. These are the two main and main conditions for friendship. In addition, common moral values ​​are important for friendship, for example. People who have different views on what is good and what is evil will have a hard time being friends. The reason is simple: can we show deep respect and, perhaps, trust to a friend if we see that he commits actions that are unacceptable, in our opinion, and considers this the norm. Strengthen friendships and common interests or hobbies. However, for a friendship that has existed for a long time and has been tested by time, this is not important.
Friendly feelings do not depend on age. They can be very strong and bring a person many experiences. But life is unthinkable without friendship.

Text 31 (Many people think that being sincere...)

Many people think that being sincere means openly and directly saying what you think and doing what you say. But here’s the problem: a person who immediately voices what first came into his head risks being branded not only natural, but also ill-mannered, and even stupid. Rather, a sincere and natural person is one who knows how to be himself: to take off his masks, step out of his usual roles and show his true face.
The main problem is that we don’t know ourselves well, we are chasing illusory goals, money, fashion. Few people consider it important and necessary to direct the vector of attention to their inner world. You need to look into your heart, stop and analyze your thoughts, desires and plans in order to understand what is truly mine and what is imposed, dictated by friends, parents, society. Otherwise, you risk spending your whole life on goals that you really don’t need at all.
If you look inside yourself, you will see a whole world, endless and multifaceted. You will discover your characteristics and talents. You just need to study. And, of course, it won’t become easier or simpler for you, but it will become more interesting. You will find your path in life. The only way to become sincere is to know yourself.

Text 32 (Every person is looking for a place in life...)

Every person is looking for a place in life, trying to establish his “I”. It `s naturally. But how does he find his place? What paths does it take to get there? What moral values ​​matter in his eyes? The question is extremely important.
Many of us cannot admit to ourselves that because of a misunderstood, inflated sense of self-worth, because of the reluctance to appear worse, we sometimes take rash steps, do not act very correctly: we don’t ask again, we don’t say “I don’t know.” , “I can’t” – there are no words. Selfish people evoke feelings of condemnation. However, those who exchange their dignity like small coins are no better. In the life of every person, there are probably moments when he is simply obliged to show his pride, to affirm his “I”. And, of course, this is not always easy to do.
The true worth of a person is revealed sooner or later. And the higher this price, the more a person loves not so much himself as others. Leo Tolstoy emphasized that each of us, the so-called little ordinary person, is in fact a historical person who is responsible for the fate of the whole world.

Text 33 (It only seems to us...)

It only seems to us that when something happens to us, it is a unique phenomenon, one of a kind. In fact, there is not a single problem that has not already been reflected in world literature. Love, loyalty, jealousy, betrayal, cowardice, the search for the meaning of life - all this has already been experienced by someone, changed their mind, reasons, answers were found and captured on the pages of fiction. It’s just a matter of little things: take it and read it and you’ll find everything in the book.
Literature, revealing the world with the help of words, creates a miracle, doubles, triples our inner experience, infinitely expands our view of life, of man, and makes our perception more subtle. In childhood, we read fairy tales and adventures to experience the excitement of search and intrigue. But the hour comes when we feel the need to open a book in order to delve deeper into ourselves with its help. This is the hour of growing up. We are looking for an interlocutor in the book who enlightens, ennobles, and teaches.
So we picked up the book. What is happening in our soul? With every book we read, which opens up storehouses of thoughts and feelings before us, we become different. With the help of literature, a person becomes a person. It is no coincidence that the book is called a teacher and textbook of life.

Text 34 (In the modern world there is no man...)

There is no person in the modern world who does not come into contact with art. Its significance in our life is great. Books, cinema, television, theater, music, painting have firmly entered our lives and have a huge influence on it.
Contact with the world of art gives us joy and selfless pleasure. But it would be wrong to see in the works of writers, composers, and artists only a means of obtaining pleasure. Of course, we often go to the cinema, sit down to watch the TV, and pick up a book to relax and have fun. And the artists, writers, and composers themselves structure their works in such a way as to maintain and develop the interest and curiosity of viewers, readers, and listeners. But the importance of art in our lives is much more serious. It helps a person to better see and understand the world around him and himself.
Art is capable of preserving the characteristic features of an era, giving people the opportunity to communicate with each other across decades and centuries, becoming a kind of memory repository for subsequent generations. It imperceptibly shapes a person’s views and feelings, character, tastes, and awakens a love of beauty. That is why, in difficult moments of life, people often turn to works of art, which become a source of spiritual strength and courage.

(my messages are highlighted in red, FIPI’s replies are in blue)

Good afternoon

According to my observations, the bank of Unified State Exam tasks in social studies has not changed since 2015, while many tasks have undergone significant changes.

On the basis of what materials will the Unified State Exam tests be compiled in 2017?

Thank you!

Dear Stanislav, hello!
1) The Unified State Exam task bank is updated annually with current tasks for the current year.
2) Options for the Unified State Exam in social studies are collected not only from Open Bank tasks;
3) about methodological approaches to using the Open Bank, you can

find out, for example, here http://fipi.ru/sites/default/files/document/1472212458/obshchestvoznanie.pdf p.26-27

Best regards, T.E. Liskova

Good afternoon

Thanks for the answer!

You write “2) Options for the Unified State Exam in social studies are collected not only from Open Bank tasks.” My question was, on the basis of what materials do you compose exam versions of the Unified State Examination. The file you attached contains only recommendations and does not contain specific instructions on sources.

Thank you!

Dear Stanislav!

Your observations do not correspond to reality - the open bank of Unified State Exam assignments in social studies, as in all other academic subjects, is annually replenished with assignments from the passed exam. The open bank of Unified State Examination tasks includes a large number of tasks from real exams from previous years and can be used not only for pre-exam repetition, but also in the process of studying the subject for current and midterm control.

KIM Unified State Exam 2017 in social studies (as well as in all other academic subjects) are compiled on the basis of the specification of KIM Unified State Exam 2017 published on our website and will correspond in structure and level of complexity to the demo version of KIM.

Sincerely, Olga Alekseevna Kotova,

Good afternoon Thanks for the answer!

I would like to note the following:

« Brief list of normative legal acts" specified in the specifications implies expanded list, but where to get it is not indicated.

Dear Stanislav,

a detailed list can be compiled by a social studies or law teacher. The short list contains only the minimum necessary legal acts, their sections, chapters, and articles.

Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIPI"

Dear Olga Alekseevna, my question is the following: are any elements included in the exam tests other than:

— information contained in textbooks from the federal list of textbooks

— a short list of regulatory legal acts from the specifications

— a bank of Unified State Examination tasks presented on the official website of FIPI?

Earlier you wrote: “a detailed list (NPA) can be compiled by a social studies or law teacher. The short list contains only the minimum necessary legal acts, their sections, chapters, and articles.” Do I understand you correctly that legal acts that are not included in the short list can be used in exam tests? If this is the case, then students may not have equal opportunities to obtain the maximum score, since the “detailed” list of legal requirements may differ significantly from teacher to teacher.

Thank you for your reply!

Stanislav,

You cited some inconsistent sources. The content of the examination work is determined by the Federal component of the state educational standard, which provides a list of didactic units that are subject to study and control (this list of diagnostic units is reflected in the Codifier for compiling the Unified State Exam KIM). In theory, all textbooks included in the Federal List of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science should, to one degree or another, disclose this content.

The short list of legal acts provided in the Specification of the KIM Unified State Exam guides teachers and students in which legal acts and in what part should be used when studying specific legal issues of the course (from among those provided for by the State Educational Standards Code and presented in our codifier). This is important because textbooks do not always contain up-to-date legal material and definitely do not keep up with changes in legislation. This does not involve memorizing any norms. It is important to navigate them and understand them as a whole.

The open task bank contains real exam tasks from previous years. Several questions in the examination paper are taken from this bank, and the rest are taken from the closed part of the bank. So there are tasks in the options that are not presented in the open bank. But they all correspond to the parameters specified in the work plan in the CMM Specification.

Sincerely, Olga Alekseevna Kotova,

Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIPI"

Olga Alekseevna, good evening!

The Federal State Educational Standard and the Federal State Educational Standards component in social studies do not disclose the scope and specific content of each element being tested, just as the codifier of topics in the Unified State Exam KIM does not provide information about the extent to which the student should know them. In this regard, I have a question: what specific materials does FIPI use when compiling exam options? And what is the justification for the existence of a closed task bank? Considering that neither the KIM nor the Federal State Educational Standards disclose the scope and content of topics, the exam may present a task that will be impossible to answer using FPU textbooks, which violates Article 43, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

I would also like to note that Appendix No. 2 of the specifications (a short list of legal acts) is not marked as advisory when preparing for the exam or as mandatory and, accordingly, it is not possible to understand its purpose without additional contact with FIPI.

Stanislav,

You can address questions of regulatory regulation of the content of education to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.

FGBNU "FIPI" does not have the authority to mark any materials as mandatory for preparation for the Unified State Exam.

The purpose of a short list of legal acts is explained by our specialists, incl. in video consultations for those taking the Unified State Exam.

The task bank can be used by the teacher in the educational process for current and thematic control, as well as by the teacher and students to organize pre-exam repetition.

Sincerely, Olga Alekseevna Kotova,

Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIPI"

Olga Alekseevna, good morning.

You answer this: “The Federal State Budgetary Institution “FIPI” does not have the authority to mark any materials as mandatory for preparing for the Unified State Exam.” without answering the question asked.

Since you do not give me a direct answer to the question, I repeat: what materials do specialists use when writing exam tests? I have the right to receive an answer to this question, since it is your responsibility to create conditions for equal receipt of information. Without such information, you are preventing the implementation of Art. 43 clause 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and art. 5 clauses 3 and 4 of the Law on Education of the Russian Federation.

Thank you for your reply!

I write: “What specific materials does FIPI use when compiling exam options?”

Federal component of state educational standards, FPU textbooks

Further, I am not asking a question about “regulatory regulation of the content of education”, I am asserting that “the Federal State Educational Standard and the Federal State Educational Standards component in social studies do not disclose the volume and specific content of each element being tested,” I would be grateful if you could provide me with evidence that in In the KIM Unified State Examination in social studies compiled by you, the volume and content of the topics are revealed.

________________________________

This issue does not fall within the competence of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “FIPI”.

If “The purpose of a short list of legal acts is explained by our specialists, incl. in video consultations for those taking the Unified State Exam.” As a representative of a government agency, you are obligated to tell me exactly where I can get information about this.

________________________________

in CMM Specifications, appendix 2, commentary on the appendix title.

______________________

Sincerely, O.A. Kotova,

Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FIPI"

Replace the phrase “bookstore” (sentence 5), built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management. Write the resulting phrase.

(1) I want to tell you a story that largely determined my attitude towards the world.

(2) Whenever there is a conversation about people, whether they are good or bad, I remember this incident from childhood.

(3) We lived in a village. (4) One day my father took me to the city. (5) I remember we were looking for shoes and stopped at a bookstore on the way. (6) There I saw a book. (7) I picked it up; there were large pictures on every page of the book. (8) I really wanted my father to buy me this book, but he looked at the price and said: “We’ll buy it another time.” (9) The book was expensive.

(10) At home I spent the whole evening talking only about the book. (11) And two weeks later my father gave me money.

(12) When we walked to the store, I was scared: what if the book had already been sold? (13) No, the book was still there.

(14) We boarded the country train, and everyone, of course, immediately noticed what kind of book I was carrying. (15) Many passengers sat next to each other to look at the pictures. (16) The whole carriage was happy with my purchase, and for half an hour I became the center of attention.

(17) When the train left the next station, I put the book on the open window and began to look at the forest, at the fields and meadows that flashed outside the window. (18) And suddenly - oh horror! (19) The book disappeared between the double windows of the carriage. (20) Not yet understanding the seriousness of the situation, I froze and looked in fear at my father, at the pilot neighbor who was trying to get a book. (21) A minute later the whole carriage was helping us.

(22) And the train ran, and soon our station was coming. (23) I cried, not wanting to get out of the carriage, then the pilot hugged me and said:

- (24) It’s okay, the train will continue to run for a long time. (25) We will definitely get the book and send it to you. (26) Tell me where do you live?

(27) I cried and could not speak. (28) The father gave the pilot the address. (29) The next day, when father returned from work, he brought a book.

- (30) Got it?

“(31) Got it,” the father laughed.

(32) It was that same book. (33) I was in seventh heaven and fell asleep with a book in my hands.

(34) And a few days later the postman came and brought us a large package. (35) In the package there was a book and a note from the pilot: (36) “I told you that we would get it.”

(37) And a day later the postman came again and again brought a package, and then two more packages, and three more: seven identical books.

(38) Almost 30 years have passed since then. (39) The books were lost during the war. (40) But the most important thing remains - a good memory of people whom I don’t know and don’t even remember by sight. (41) The certainty remains: there are more unselfish and good people than bad ones, and life moves forward not because of what is bad in a person, but because of what is good in him.

(According to V. Peskov) *

* Peskov Vasily Mikhailovich (born in 1930) - writer, journalist, traveler.

(5) I remember we were looking for shoes and stopped at a bookstore on the way.

Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) In the word MONEY, all consonant sounds are soft.
2) The word TRAIN has the same number of vowels and consonants.
3) In the word SERIOUSNESS, the letter E means 2 sounds.
4) In the word TRAIN, the last sound is [t].

Explanation.

In the word TRAIN, the letter E after the vowel makes 2 sounds - JE, therefore, the word has 3 vowels (a, e, a) and 4 consonants (p, j, z, d).

The correct answer is listed at number 2.

Answer: 2

Source: FIPI task bank

Replace the book word “tell” from sentence 1 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

The word TELL can be replaced by the stylistically neutral synonym TELL.

Answer: tell.

Answer: tell

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist A.I. Gorshkova: “Expressiveness is the property of what is said or written with its semantic form to attract special attention of the reader, to make a strong impression on him.”

To justify your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of A.I. Gorshkov.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded.

9.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “The certainty remains: there are more unselfish and good people than bad ones, and life moves forward not because of what is bad in a person, but because of what is good in him.”

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase PRECIOUS BOOKS?

Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic “What are precious books”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

15.1 Russian language is one of the richest and most beautiful languages ​​in the world. It contains enough words and expressive means to name all objects and phenomena, to convey a wide variety of feelings, moods, and experiences. A.I. speaks about this. Gorshkov: “Expressiveness is the ability of what is said or written to attract special attention of the reader with its semantic form and make a strong impression on him.” Let us confirm the statement with examples from the text by V. Peskov.

In sentence 33, the phraseological unit “in seventh heaven” is used as a figurative and expressive means to convey the boy’s emotional state, the joy that the desired book is again in his hands. Is it possible to say more vividly, more figuratively, how dear this book was to the hero?

Thus, the examples given confirm Gorshkov’s statement that our language has enough words and expressive means to convey all our feelings, experiences, and moods.

15.2 The ending of the text by V. M. Peskov sounds very optimistic: “There remains confidence: there are more unselfish and good people than bad ones, and life moves forward not because of what is bad in a person, but because of what is good in him.” Such words could be said by a person who was strongly impressed by an incident that fully demonstrated the true value of human relationships.

Let's try to verify this by analyzing the content of the given passage of text. As a child, the narrator came across a book that played a huge role in the formation of his character. The book was very beautiful and the hero wanted to look at it again and again. It’s good that the boy’s father understood his interest and spared no expense on the book. The father, by his action, showed his son that “man does not live by bread alone,” there are more important values ​​- spiritual ones.

The book was remembered by the narrator not even for its content, but for the story associated with its loss. When the book fell “between the double windows of the carriage” and the hero was already desperate to return it, it turned out that there were a lot of sympathetic people around. Realizing how dear the boy was to the book, they sent the same one from different parts of the country. The hero was not left alone in this situation; his misfortune was shared by those around him.

If a child from childhood sees manifestations of kindness, responsiveness, and participation towards him, then he will certainly learn from these examples and subsequently treat others in the same way.

15.3 Those books can be considered precious that become the reader’s guiding star, define his ideals for the rest of his life, shape his worldview, and strengthen the foundation of his spiritual life. It’s good if in your life you have had to deal with just such books, if you have books that you want to return to again and again in order to be nourished by what you have already experienced and gain new impressions.

In the life of the hero Peskov, precious books came across. One of them, from distant childhood, influenced him very much. The book was remembered by the narrator not even for its content, but for the story associated with its loss. When the book fell “between the double windows of the carriage” and the hero was already desperate to return it, it turned out that there were a lot of sympathetic people around. Realizing how dear the boy was to the book, they sent the same one from different parts of the country. The hero was not left alone in this situation; his misfortune was shared by those around him.

Books can be friends. It is no coincidence that during the Great Patriotic War, many soldiers kept their favorite books in their duffel bag. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” became a truly popular front-line book. In it, during the rare respites between battles, fighters drew strength to beat the enemy. So, a book can move not only the feelings of people, but also entire armies?

In our age of computerization and the omnipotent Internet, books should still deserve close attention, especially in childhood, because the strength of the entire structure depends on the foundation on which the house is laid. Let good and instructive books become this foundation.

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option 5C1D07

Explanation.

Control is a type of connection in a phrase in which the main word requires dependent use in a certain case.

The phrase “bookstore” (sentence 5), built on the basis of agreement, can be replaced by the synonymous phrase BOOK STORE with the management connection.

Answer: bookshop.

Answer: bookshop

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option 5C1D07

Leonid Zharkov 02.10.2017 18:18

In the answer, the bookstore is written without a space, that is, it’s all together...

Tatiana Statsenko

That's how it should be. In the OGE forms, answers are written without spaces.

Replace the phrase “in a crystal vase” (sentence 1), built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management. Write the resulting phrase.

(1) In the morning, Vitya saw a huge bouquet of mimosa in a crystal vase on the table. (2) The flowers were as yellow and fresh as the first warm day!

“(3) Dad gave this to me,” said mom. - (4) After all, today is the Eighth of March.

(5) Indeed, today is the Eighth of March, and he completely forgot about it. (6) He immediately ran to his room, grabbed his briefcase, pulled out a postcard in which it was written: “Dear mom, I congratulate you on the Eighth of March and I promise to always obey you,” and solemnly handed it to my mother.

(7) And when he was already leaving for school, his mother suddenly suggested:

– (8) Take a few sprigs of mimosa and give it to Lena Popova.

(9) Lena Popova was his neighbor at his desk.

– (10) Why? - he asked gloomily.

- (11) And then, today is the Eighth of March, and I’m sure that all your boys will give something to the girls.

(12) He took three sprigs of mimosa and went to school.

(13) On the way, it seemed to him that everyone was looking at him. (14) But at the school itself he was lucky: he met Lena Popova. (15) Running up to her, he handed her a mimosa.

- (16) This is for you.

- (17) Me? (18) Oh, how beautiful! (19) Thank you very much, Vitya!

(20) She seemed ready to thank him for another hour, but he turned and ran away.

(21) And at the first break it turned out that none of the boys in their class gave anything to the girls. (22) None. (23) Only in front of Lena Popova lay tender branches of mimosa.

– (24) Where did you get the flowers? - asked the teacher.

“(25) Vitya gave this to me,” Lena said calmly. (26) Everyone immediately began to whisper, looking at Vitya, and Vitya lowered his head low.

(27) And at recess, when Vitya, as if nothing had happened, approached the guys, although he already felt bad, Valerka began to grimace, looking at him.

- (28) And here the groom has come! (29) Hello, young groom!

(30) The guys laughed. (31) And then high school students passed by, and everyone looked at him and asked whose fiancé he was.

(32) Having barely made it to the end of the lessons, as soon as the bell rang, he rushed home as fast as he could, so that there, at home, he could vent his frustration and resentment.

(33) When his mother opened the door for him, he shouted:

- (34) It’s you, it’s your fault, it’s all because of you! (35) Vitya ran into the room, grabbed mimosa branches and threw them on the floor. - (36) I hate these flowers, I hate them!

(37) He began to trample the mimosa branches with his feet, and the yellow delicate flowers burst and died under the rough soles of his boots.

(38) And Lena Popova carried home three tender branches of mimosa in a wet cloth so that they would not wither. (39) She carried them in front of her, and it seemed to her that the sun was reflected in them, that they were so beautiful, so special...

(According to V. Zheleznikov) *

* Zheleznikov Vladimir Karpovich (born in 1925) is a modern Russian children's writer and film playwright. His works, dedicated to the problems of growing up, have become classics of Russian children's literature and have been translated into many languages ​​of the world.

(1) In the morning, Vitya saw a huge bouquet of mimosa in a crystal vase on the table.

Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) In the word SUDDENLY the last consonant sound is [k].
2) The word TAKE has fewer sounds than letters.
3) In the word ROUGH, all consonant sounds are hard.
4) The word SUN has 5 sounds.

Explanation.

In the word ROUGH, the consonant sound Y is always soft.

The correct answer is number 3.

Answer: 3

Source: GIA 2014. Option 105

Replace the colloquial word “murmured” from sentence 26 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

The word WHISPERED can be replaced by the stylistically neutral synonym WHISPERED.

Answer: whispered whispered

Answer: whispered|whispered

Yulia Shmarlovskaya 04.01.2016 15:01

Is it possible to replace it with the synonym “they started talking”?

Tatyana Yudina

Then they spoke in a whisper, and did not just speak. That's why it doesn't fit.

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous philologist L.V. Uspensky: “Grammar allows us to connect any words with each other in order to express any thought about any subject.”

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “And Lena Popova carried home three tender branches of mimosa in a wet cloth so that they would not wither. She carried them in front of her, and it seemed to her that the sun was reflected in them, that they were so beautiful, so special...”

In your essay, provide 2 arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase MORAL CHOICE?

Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic “What is a moral choice”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

15.1 In order to construct a statement expressing a thought, it is not enough to select the appropriate words and pronounce them one after another. The selected words, or rather, the words selected by the speaker as the speech unfolds, must be connected to each other in a certain order and formed in the form of a single complex, purposefully included in the communication situation. The set of patterns of constructing such complexes from individual words through their categorical changes and ordered combination with each other constitutes the grammatical structure of a language, studied by the science of grammar.

We find confirmation of this in the text of V. Zheleznikov.

Thus, in sentence No. 39 (She carried them in front of her, and it seemed to her that the sun was reflected in them, that they were so beautiful, so special...) a complex syntactic structure with different types of connections is used to convey the content: subordinating and coordinating. In addition, the proposal includes homogeneous members. All this together allows you to create a logically constructed, consistent statement, purposefully included in the text.

Each sentence consists of phrases that are constructed in accordance with the rules of grammar. So, for example, in sentence 1, the phrase “in a crystal vase,” built on the basis of agreement, presupposes certain rules for connecting the main and dependent words: the dependent is used in the same gender, number and case as the main word.

Thus, we were able to prove that grammar helps us connect words to express thoughts. Therefore, it can be argued that the Russian philologist L.V. Uspensky was right when he said: “Grammar allows us to connect any words with each other in order to express any thought about any subject.”

15.2 In the given fragment of the text, Vladimir Zheleznikov tells how much happiness Lena experienced while bringing home the flowers she gave her. Is it bad to do good and bring joy? Why then did Vitya get so much trouble from his classmates? Was this just ordinary envy?

Vitya could not resist the ridicule of the guys. This is evidenced by sentence 26 (Everyone immediately began to whisper, looking at Vitya, and Vitya lowered his head low). Having done a good deed, he submitted to the opinion of the crowd and decided that he had done something bad. Such a person cannot defend himself.

It’s also sad that the boy decided to ruin his failures with unrequited flowers, instead of trying to explain everything to his classmates (sentence number 37). Apparently, it is easier for him to deal with the weak than to try to resist the crowd.

We must make our choice, no matter how difficult it may be, according to our conscience. At the same time, we should remember that for every action we will have to answer to ourselves and those around us, and not only our lives, but also the lives of those around us depend on what this choice will be.

15.3 Questions about how the goals put forward by people relate to the means that are used to achieve them have worried humanity for a long time. Now these questions are no less relevant. Currently, the problem of morality and moral choice is acute for modern man.

Vitya, the hero of the text by Vladimir Zheleznikov, could not resist the ridicule of the children. Having done a good deed, he submitted to the opinion of the crowd and decided that he had done something bad. Such a person cannot defend himself. It’s also sad that the boy decided to ruin his failures with unrequited flowers, instead of trying to explain everything to his classmates. Apparently, it is easier for him to deal with the weak than to try to resist the crowd.

Thinking about what moral values ​​to choose for myself as a guideline in life, I remember Gogol’s literary heroes: Ostap and Andria from the story “Taras Bulba”. Ostap remains faithful to his homeland, his father, accepts death for his comrades, boldly looking the enemy in the face. Andriy betrayed his father, friends, homeland. Ostap is closer to me. I wouldn’t want to meet people like Andriy in my life.

The situation of moral choice makes it possible to reveal the true essence of a person: some are guided by universal human values, others by self-interest, selfishness, and the instinct of self-preservation. At the same time, we should remember that for every action we will have to answer to ourselves and those around us, and not only our lives, but also the lives of those around us depend on what this choice will be.

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option F35B57

Relevance: Used in the current year’s OGE

Explanation.

Control is a type of connection in a phrase in which the main word requires dependent use in a certain case. The phrase “in a crystal vase” (sentence 1), built on the basis of agreement, can be replaced by the synonymous phrase IN A VASE FROM CRYSTAL with the control connection.

Answer: crystal vase.

Answer: crystal vase

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option F35B57

Nikita Klimov 16.12.2016 16:13

Why do you write words together? A person has already contacted you and you promised to fix it. Are you not keeping your word?

Tatiana Statsenko

In the OGE forms, the answers are written down without spaces, so we didn’t promise to correct anything, get used to writing them down the way you’ll have to write them later in the exam.

Replace the phrase “cultural values” (proposition 16), built on the basis of coordination, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management. Write the resulting phrase.

- (2) Where were you wounded? - the guys asked.

– (3) In Poland, already on the offensive. (4) Look, the hand was taken away.

(5) He didn’t tell me what happened next: he didn’t want to remember how he learned to write with his left hand - in handwriting that was not devoid of elegance, how he learned to deftly put on a backpack with one hand. (6) After the hospital, he came to Moscow and returned to the university where he studied before the war.

(7) What happiness it was - for three full years he restored himself: he cleansed his blood with Pushkin, Tolstoy, Herzen...

(8) Then they were assigned to a secondary school in the village of Kalinovo, Vologda region, to teach Russian language and literature.

(9) Housing was provided at the school. (10) The room and hallway where the stove was fired from. (11) They provided firewood. (12) In addition to literature, I also had to teach geography and history.

(13) Everything in Kalinov was poor, destroyed, only untouched timid nature was in abundance. (14) And the people were, perhaps, better than the city people, also almost untouched by the city’s spiritual depravity.

(15) Communication with the village children dispelled his student illusions: the good and eternal, of course, was not canceled, but everyday life was too rough. (16) All the time I was painfully thinking: are all these cultural values ​​necessary for the girls, wrapped in mended scarves, who managed to tidy up the cattle and little brothers and sisters before dawn, and the boys who did all the men’s hard work? (17) Study on an empty stomach and waste time on knowledge that they will never need under any circumstances?

(18) Their childhood was long over, they were all undergrown men and women, and even those few whom their mothers sent to school seemed embarrassed that they were doing stupid things instead of real serious work. (19) Because of this, the young teacher also experienced some uncertainty - indeed, whether he was distracting them from the urgent matter of life for the sake of unnecessary luxury. (20) What kind of Radishchev? (21) Which Gogol? (22) What is Pushkin like, after all? (23) Teach them to read and write and let them go home as soon as possible - to work. (24) And that’s all they themselves wanted.

(25) Then he first thought about the phenomenon of childhood. (26) When it begins, there were no questions, but when does it end and where is the line from which a person becomes an adult? (27) Obviously, childhood ended for village children earlier than for city children.

(28) The northern village always lived from hand to mouth, and after the war everyone became completely impoverished, women and boys worked. (29) Of the thirty local men who went to the front, two returned from the war. (30) Children, little schoolboy men, began their working lives early, and their childhood was stolen from them. (31) However, what is there to count: some had their childhood stolen, others their youth, and still others their lives.

(According to L. Ulitskaya) *

* Ulitskaya Lyudmila Evgenievna (born in 1943) is a modern Russian writer whose works have been translated into 25 languages.

(1) He spoke sparingly to his students about the war.

Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) In the word HAPPINESS, all consonant sounds are unvoiced.
2) In the word REALLY the first sound is [f].
3) In the word TEACHER, the softness of the consonant [l’] in writing is indicated by the letter b (soft sign).
4) The word CHILDHOOD has fewer sounds than letters.

Explanation.

In the word HAPPINESS, the letter E after the soft sign makes two sounds (YE), therefore, the word has a voiced consonant Y.

Answer: 1

Source: FIPI task bank

Replace the colloquial word “really” from sentence 19 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

The word REALLY can be replaced by the stylistically neutral synonym REALLY.

Answer: really true

Answer: really|true

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option F4CD3A

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the Russian philologist L.V. Uspensky: “In language there are... words. Language has... grammar. These are the ways that language uses to construct sentences."

To justify your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read. When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of L.V. Uspensky.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “Children, little schoolboy men, began their working lives early, and their childhood was stolen from them. However, what can we count: some had their childhood stolen, others had their youth, and still others had their lives.”

In your essay, provide 2 arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase POWER OF SPIRIT?

Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic “What is fortitude”, using the definition you gave as a thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

15.1 The Russian language is one of the richest languages ​​in the world both in terms of the composition of the language and in the methods of its speech organization. Famous philologist L.V. Uspensky argued: “In language there are... words. Language has... grammar. These are the ways that language uses to construct sentences." Grammar plays an important role in the text. They help to formalize the statement and thereby contribute to the transmission of the author’s thoughts. Grammatical means include, for example, punctuation marks, which are not only an indicator of certain grammatical categories, but help to express an idea. The validity of Uspensky’s statement is confirmed by examples from the text by Lyudmila Ulitskaya.

So, in sentence 2 (Where were you wounded?) to convey a question that immediately attracts the reader’s attention and makes the reader think, a question mark is used as an indicator of an interrogative sentence.

15.2 The war spared no one: neither adults nor children. The children's shoulders were borne by household chores, sometimes overwhelming, work in collective farm fields, factories and factories. Wartime children grew up early, the brightest and happiest time of their lives was “stolen” because the war distorted everything and turned it upside down. This is what Lyudmila Ulitskaya talks about at the end of the text.

The teacher, who himself went through the war, cannot look at his students without pain: “... do the girls, wrapped in mended scarves, who managed to tidy up the cattle and little brothers and sisters before dawn, and the boys who did all the men’s hard work, need all these cultural values? "(sentence number 16). What kind of study might come to mind after this?

The teacher concludes that “their childhood is long over” (sentence number 18). And he, a front-line soldier, even feels some embarrassment because he has to distract the village children from their work.

After reading the text, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking: could I do it? What strength of spirit one must have in order to endure everything, overcome unchildish trials and still remain children!

15.3 When people talk about strength, they most often mean physical strength. But there is also another concept of strength. A person who has overcome life's difficulties, coped with the most difficult trials of fate: illness, loss of loved ones, is also called strong. In this case, we are talking about fortitude, that is, about that inner strength and perseverance that helped him cope with all adversity.

The Great Patriotic War revealed the unprecedented potential of the power of the human spirit. She spared no one: neither adults nor children. Children and women completely replaced the fathers and husbands who went to the front. After reading the text by Lyudmila Ulitskaya, you involuntarily catch yourself thinking: could I do it? What strength of spirit one must have in order to endure everything, overcome unchildish trials and still remain children!

In our time of peace, an example can be Paralympians - people with disabilities, but unlimited fortitude. That is why they conquer mountains, water and sky. Alexey Ashapatov is a man of great fortitude. Having lost his leg, he did not give up, but continued to search for himself. And I found it. He became the Beijing Paralympic champion in shot put and discus throw, and held two world records in these sports. Here is an example for those who “grow limp” under the pressure of fate and whine at the slightest difficulties.

(9) It seemed to him that any success came to people as if at his expense. (10) Envy, in which lies the source of many human weaknesses and vices, did not leave Senka alone...

(11) It was difficult to find people more different from each other than Vanya and Senka. (12) At that time Vanya still sympathized with him very much. (13) When Senya, confused and tense, wandered through the labyrinths of the famous quatrains, Vanya suffered. (14) And after the lesson, in which Golubkin received another bad mark, this brute pressed the short Vanya: he, it turns out, didn’t give the advice clearly and clearly enough.

(15) One day a “district” dictation was assigned, and Senya Golubkin was in a panic: a bad grade for that dictation threatened him with repeating the year.

(16) After the dictation, Senka ran along the corridor and asked his classmates:

– (17) How do you spell “during”? - (18) They answered him.

– (19) There is one mistake! - he said and bent his finger. - (20) How did you write it yourself? (21) Right?

(22) If it turned out that it was correct, Senka whined:

- (23) Well, of course, I wrote it myself!

(24) After the “district” dictation, Senka did not have enough fingers on both hands: he counted twelve mistakes. (25) Except for commas and dashes...

(26) During recess Vanya Belov came up to me and asked:

- (27) Well, Vera Matveevna, should Golubkin stay for a second year now?

– (28) I don’t know. (29) I haven’t checked it yet.

(30) When I sat down in the teacher’s room with my notebooks, it turned out that six papers from the stack had disappeared. (31) Among them were dictations by Senya Golubkin and Vanya.

(32) During the big break, the director and I, in an empty classroom, began to make our way to Golubkin’s conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said:

- (34) I came to bring myself into the hands of justice!

(35) I didn’t believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed with Vanya’s version. (36) After lessons, six students whose work had disappeared rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a C, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade.

(38) He was not imbued with gratitude to Vanya Belov; on the contrary, it was from then on that he disliked him. (39) Golubkin did not forgive nobility, just as he did not forgive literacy to those who helped him find mistakes. (40) Vanya Belov understood this. (41) After Senka once again annoyed his savior about something, I casually said to Vanya:

- (42) Well... no good deed goes unpunished?

- (43) You never know what happens! - he answered. - (44) Is this why you shouldn’t trust everyone?

Explanation.

The consonant Ch has no hardness pair; it is always soft.

The correct answer is listed under number 1.

Answer: 1