Description of the projectA
Good afternoon. Grade 6-A presents to your attention project work.
Many of us have heard phraseological units more than once in the speech of adults, but we ourselves rarely use them and often do not understand the meaning of the phraseological units we hear. But phraseology is an important expressive unit of the Russian language. Phraseological phrases - a special layer of the Russian language, part of the culture of our people - should return to the speech of children and enrich it. A Russian person must be able to use this means of expression. Based on this, we formulated the theme of the project - “Phraseological units in our speech.” The creative name of the project: “Oh, these phraseological units.”
We conducted a survey among students and teachers of our school. We'll show you the results now. The following questions were asked...
Conclusions of the survey…..
So, phraseological units are stable combinations of words that are close in lexical meaning to one word.
Try to guess phraseological units from the pictures:
During our project, we learned that the sources of phraseological units can be different:
1) original Russians
2) Old Slavonic
3) Latin and Greek 4) Western European
We know that Ancient Greece gave rise to the development of civilization. Look at what phraseological units originate from ancient mythology...
From the Bible and the Gospel came, for example, such a phraseological unit as “manna from heaven”...
The following expressions originate from Ancient Rus'...
One of the tasks of our project was to find literary, author’s phraseological units. As it turned out, many poets and writers themselves come up with new interesting expressions that become popular. For example, while getting acquainted with the work of Ivan Andreevich Krylov, we found a lot of interesting catchphrases.
The satirist writer Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin also has a lot of catchphrases.....
I see that you are tired. I propose to conduct a short phraseological exercise...
We continue our work. It must be said that such a phenomenon as phraseology or idioms exists not only in the Russian language. For example,
In the English language there are phraseological units that correspond to ours...
While working on the project, we learned that FR. There are synonyms, antonyms, homonyms....
What do you think is our teachers’ favorite expression?...
For students?......for parents?.....
So, while working on the project, we learned about 100 phraseological units. We were convinced that you need to know the meanings of phraseological units in order to use them appropriately in your speech. We found out the origin of some expressions. We learned that they have synonyms and antonyms. We learned to work with information (select the necessary information, analyze, generalize, draw conclusions). Acquired skills to work in a group.
We are sure that we have convinced you that phraseological units must be used in speech, because... they make it brighter and more expressive.
View document contents
"Russian Language Project"
Student project work 6-A class GBOU Secondary School No. 60 of Sevastopol
Project Manager:
teacher of Russian language and literature
Leshchenko O.V. .
Oh, these phraseological units!
So what were they up to?
Our project tasks:
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To know
with new phraseological units and their meanings
history of the emergence of phraseological units
Conduct survey and analyze the results
What role do phraseological units play in our speech?
Teachers' answers:
- Decorate our speech, make it more expressive
- Makes you think, reflect on the meaning of what is being said
- Emotionally enrich our speech
Student answers:
- Decorate our speech
- Helps you express your thoughts accurately
The results of the study showed:
- The concept of “phraseologisms” is familiar to a small number of students. About two-thirds of the students find it difficult to name any phraseology.
- Only a tenth of the students surveyed use phraseological units in their speech.
- Only a few students surveyed understand the importance of phraseological units in speech.
- School teachers are familiar with the concept of “phraseologisms”, use them in their speech, give many examples and believe that
phraseological units are an integral part of our speech.
Phraseologisms – these are stable combinations of words that are close in lexical meaning to one word
- Guess the phraseological units
Lead by the nose
Shedding crocodile tears
Put it in your belt
Sources of phraseological units
1) original Russians (hatchet work, green street) ;
2) Old Slavonic (seek and you will find) ;
3) Latin and Greek (Augean stables, contribute);
4) Western European (blue stocking, throw down the glove)
Phraseologisms that came from myths
Ariadne's thread - something that helps you find a way out of a difficult situation.
Achilles' heel – vulnerable spot.
Sword of Damocles – impending, threatening danger.
Two-Faced Janus - Two-faced person.
Interesting fact
- The center of the world otherwise called Omphalus. This is the stone that marked the center of the world. According to legend, it was he who was swallowed by the god Cronus instead of baby Zeus.
Manna from heaven -
something extremely necessary, desirable, expected.
According to biblical history, God sent the Jews every morning during their exodus from Egypt through the desert to the promised land - manna. The emerging expression “manna from heaven” began to be used to mean something valuable and rare. When they are looking forward to something cherished, they say the phrase “wait like manna from heaven.”
Russian phraseological units:
- "Without a penny" - having no money at all.
- "Wag your tongue" - talk a lot and not to the point.
- "Pip on your tongue" - You should not say this under any circumstances, lest these words turn out to be prophetic.
- "Throw to the Wind" - waste it.
- "Hanging by a Thread" - to be under threat of something.
Through the sleeves -
to be reluctant to work, to work haphazardly, lazily
In Ancient Rus' they wore outerwear with excessively long sleeves; their unrolled ends fell to the knees, or even to the ground. Naturally, without lifting up such sleeves, there was no point in thinking about work. Close to this expression is the second, opposite in meaning and, one might think, born later: "Work with your sleeves rolled up" that is, decisively, ardently, with complete diligence.
Phraseologisms from Krylov's fables
- “And Vaska listens and eats” - a person who is indifferent to reproaches, comments, criticism expressed towards him and continues to do his job. (Fable “The Cat and the Cook”).
- “And the casket just opened” - a problem that seemed difficult and unsolvable turns out to be easy to solve . (Fable “Casket”).
- “What thieves get away with, they beat the thieves for” - What can be done by a high rank person cannot be done by a low rank person . (Fable “Little Crow”).
- “Your stigma is covered in fluff.” - to be involved in something criminal or unseemly. (Fable “The Fox and the Marmot”).
Phraseologisms from fairy tales by M.E. Saltykova-Shchedrin
Phraseologism
Lexical meaning of phraseology
keep a stone in your bosom
Fairy tale title
hold a grudge
don't give in an inch
"Wild Landowner"
not to give at all
stand one's ground
"Wild Landowner"
achieve your demands
my hut is on the edge
grow on beans
reluctance to take part in any activities
"Wild Landowner"
"Dried roach"
guess
nowhere to stick my nose
"Dried roach"
nowhere to go
mental ward
"The Wise Minnow"
have a lot of brains
keep your eyes open
"The Wise Minnow"
be vigilant
"The Wise Minnow"
Let's rest!
Let's stand up like we swallowed an arshin. - Let's vote with both hands. - Let's bend over backwards. - Let's jump like a hare. - Let's back up. - Let's look into each other's eyes. - Let's put a good face on a bad game. - Let's hit each other with our foreheads. - Let's spread our hands. - And now - hands in your trousers. - Let's keep our nose to the wind. - Let's soap each other's heads. -But there is no truth at the feet, take your places. We continue to work.
Phraseologisms in other languages
- English phraseological units:
- "To kill two birds with one stone" - kill two birds with one stone. (Kill two birds with one stone)
- "Hungry as a hunter" - hungry like a hunter (hungry as wolf)
- « Rolling in money" - ride in money (Chickens don't eat money)
We learned that phraseological units have homonyms, synonyms and antonyms
Let the rooster go - produce a melody out of tune.
Let the rooster -set something on fire.
Uma ward -seven spans in the forehead
Head on your shoulders - bright head.
Two of a Kind - one field of berries.
Beat swords into ploughshares - sheathe the sword.
A dime a dozen - the cat cried.
Rolling up my sleeves - carelessly.
Brew the porridge - to fix the mess.
Difficult to climb - easy to climb
Favorite phraseological unit
For teachers - neither light nor dawn.
For students - like water off a duck's back.
For parents - Nick down.
Phraseologisms decorate our speech, make it expressive and bright
Municipal educational institution
Dyakonovskaya Secondary School
PROJECT
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ONE
WORDS
Completed:
6th grade students
Municipal educational institution Dyakonovskaya sosh
Supervisor:
teacher of Russian language and literature
Plotnikova Antonina Mikhailovna
h. Dyakonovsky 2nd
Project type : interdisciplinary (Russian language, literature, computer science, fine arts)
Planned result : presentation of children's creative research works (family books printed using a computer)
Objective of the project :
instill a love for the Russian language and interest in learning it;
teach you to feel the word, think about it, look for the true meaning in the word.
Tasks :
Inspire students to create their own work through etymological searches and speech observations;
- promote family cohesion and unity;
To develop a reading culture and the ability to independently work with additional literature: reference and fiction;
- develop students’ speech and creative abilities;
- cultivate curiosity, sensitivity to the beauty and expressiveness of Russian speech;
- expand life knowledge, improve research skills;
- teach how to work with a computer at the stage of processing the collected material.
ISTAGE
Development of design specifications.
Choosing a theme
Most guys find it difficult to choose a topic to get excited about a project idea. The teacher explains to the children the usefulness and value of this type of scientific activity for the students themselves and their parents at a parent-teacher meeting. Already at the first stage we determine what socially significant product will be the result of the designers’ work. Parents should know that the teacher is a scientific consultant who is called upon to lay down the algorithm for research activities. We immediately determine the deadline for completing the project.
Today, 288 million people speak Russian as their native language. It is the fourth most commonly used language in the world and one of the working languages of the UN.
The native Russian language is the language of words: big and small, simple and complex, funny and sad, good and evil. Leo Tolstoy said: “The word is a great thing.”
Many teenagers are passionate about action films, science fiction, detective stories, which gives rise to aggressiveness, cruelty, rudeness, and the guys often speak slang. How can children protect themselves from cruelty and indifference?
It is very important to learn to enjoy the beauty of the spoken and written word, to feel its true meaning, to learn to listen, speak, compose, and write correctly. The surest way to learn words is to enrich your vocabulary. For this purpose, the “One Word Encyclopedia” project was developed and implemented.
The obvious problems of modern society are a lack of conscience, a lack of live communication, including a lack of communication between parents and children.
Because2008 is the year of the family, then we decided to involve parents in our work.
Project partnersbecame parents, as well as a teacher and librarian.
The children did the work together with adults. After all, Lev Vygodsky said: “In cooperation, under guidance, with someone’s help, a child can always do more and solve more difficult problems than on his own.”
Identification of subtopics in the project topic.
Each sixth grader chose one word to study:
Zemlyanskaya Lyuba - wordJOY;
Alyosha Kostomarov – wordROAD;
Lepilina Olya – wordHUMAN;
Mikheev Ivan – wordHEART;
Samsonov Sergey – wordMOTHER;
Olya Selezneva – wordHOMELAND;
Syomina Lyuba – wordCONSCIENCE.
The teacher handed each student a route sheet (outline diagram), which indicated the steps to achieve the goal, after which the children began to work individually, although each helped his comrades if during his searches he came across material for other proposed words.
ROUTE LIST
BEFORE GOING INTO THE UNKNOWN
IISTAGE
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
At this stage, the teacher advises and coordinates search activities.
Preparation of material
Together with their parents, the children visited rural, city and school libraries and worked with additional literature: reference books, fiction.
We worked with the teacher in the computer science classroom: we printed the collected materials. At first it was difficult, the work was slow, no one knew how to type and format texts. We went online to collect information material on the chosen word.
Children worked with explanatory, phraseological, etymological, word-formation dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms and other types of dictionaries. While researching, we found and recorded the history of the origin of the word, its structure and meaning, relative words, synonymous words, antonym words, phraseological units with them. Young researchers observed how their word lives in Russian folklore (in proverbs, sayings, riddles, tongue twisters, parables, legends, fairy tales, songs), in the names of works of literature, and paintings by artists.
In addition, the guys had to prove themselves in speech creativity, since the word lives in their speech. Each of them composed their own poem, story or fairy tale.
And another type of activity is the life of words in illustrations, drawings, puzzles.
IIISTAGE
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
The children studied the life of their words on the DICTIONARIES website on the Internet and compared them with the results of their findings when working with dictionaries. It was at this stage that the guys found completely new information for themselves, they discovered a whole new world in the direction that interested them.
A new desire arose: to create a crossword puzzle with your own word. We corrected our work, ranked it, and highlighted the main thing.
All the information collected was reflected in books, which the children prepared with the help of their parents and teachers. Subject teachers also helped us: a computer science teacher, an art teacher.
IVSTAGE
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
The teacher organizes a presentation of the “One Word Encyclopedia” project developed by the students.
Parents, teachers, and school students were invited to the presentation. In the relaxed atmosphere of their own classroom, the designers had the opportunity to gain experience in public speaking and test the depth of their knowledge. The guys talked about their contribution to the work, read out their messages and reports, shared their impressions, and listened to critical comments.
The guys prove the relevance of their own vision of the life of the chosen word, the consistency, completeness and depth of the analysis carried out from the point of view of the stated goals and objectives. At this stage, the skills of a constructive attitude towards criticism, the ability to listen and hear, and lead a discussion are formed.
V STAGE
P 
The project lasted six months. A lot of painstaking work was done. With interest, the children delved into dictionaries, wrote, drew, and got acquainted with reproductions of paintings. This was their first project, which evoked a range of feelings: joy, pride, excitement, a desire to learn new things. Some of the guys completed it with difficulty, but when the result became visible, everyone liked being competent specialists in the field of creating projects.
Harik
Russian language project
MY SCHOOL
Completed by an 11th grade student
MBOU CO "Alliance"
Polyarzh Maria Vladimirovna
Head Marininskaya Nadezhda Anatolyevna
Russian language project
Topic: LEXICON FOR STUDENTS OF 8-11 CLASSES
MY SCHOOL
Academic subject: Russian language.
Age of participants: 13-17 years old.
Duration: long (academic year).
Target: studying the vocabulary of students in grades 8-11 and determining the replenishment of schoolchildren’s vocabulary.
Purity of style depends on a thorough knowledge of the language, on frequent reading of good books and on dealing with people who speak clearly. Its development is facilitated by diligent study of the rules,... choosing good sayings from books,... efforts to speak cleanly in front of people who know and observe the beauty of language.
M. V. Lomonosov “A Brief Guide to Eloquence” 1743
Project progress
Determine the quantitative composition of groups of commonly used vocabulary in students’ speech.
Study special words in students’ speech.
Study the slang vocabulary of schoolchildren.
Study the slang of schoolchildren in grades 8-11.
Determine ways to improve students’ vocabulary and speech culture
The final product.
Russian language - national language of the Russian people. In addition, it is the state or official language of some republics that are part of the Russian Federation.
Russian is spoken by over 250 million people, including 143.7 million in Russia, according to the 1989 All-Union Population Census, as well as 88.8 million in other states that were formerly part of the USSR.
Vocabulary – This is the vocabulary of a language. The branch of language science that studies vocabulary is called lexicology. Language as a developing phenomenon requires constant study, so we made an attempt to study thematic groups of words among students in grades 8-11 of a modern secondary school.
An objectresearch – oral speech of students in grades 8-11.
Hypothesis: We assume that in the speech of students, vocabulary that is limited in use predominates: slang, jargons are the frequently used vocabulary of young people, and dialectisms and special vocabulary are all is rarely said in the speech of modern youth.
Methods and techniques: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, questioning, collection of vocabulary, mathematical calculations.
Dialectal vocabulary
Dialect vocabulary includes words whose distribution is limited to a particular territory. They have phonetic, morphological and syntactic features, as well as specific vocabulary.
For example, let's take dialect vocabulary that combines Russian and Ukrainian languages. The dialects that have developed in Ukraine are so unique in comparison with simple Russian dialects that they rather resemble a unique language that can serve both the Russian and Ukrainian populations and is equally understandable to them. Each locality has its own private dialect system.
But dialectisms also penetrate into students’ speech through communication with elders. In an official situation, a teenager strives to speak a literary language, but among “his own people” he switches to a dialect.
Passive mastery of dialect vocabulary not only quantitatively increases students' vocabulary, but also qualitatively enriches it: students, understanding the meaning of dialect words that are different from the point of view of the sphere of use.
We conducted a survey, and as a result, it was revealed that dialect vocabulary is very rare in students’ vocabulary.
We tried to highlight several reasons for the rare use of dialects:
Alone argue that dialectisms are more common in the speech of older people;
Other they think that this is not relevant these days;
Some They don’t even know what dialecticisms are.
To tell the truth, it's a shame about the dialects! With them, some special taste and aroma leaves the tongue. However, they remained forever, recorded in special dictionaries. And if someone is interested, they can open such a dictionary and learn everything in detail about each of the Russian dialects.
Professional words in students' vocabulary
Special vocabulary of limited use includes terms and professionalisms.
Professionalisms – words and expressions characteristic of the speech of a team united by a profession.
Term – This is a scientific designation for a concept, and professionalism is a semi-official word common in the colloquial speech of people of a certain profession.
In the speech of parents who are still involved in different types of activities today, there are names of different objects. Many words, having left the sphere of social production, continue to be actively used in individual households.
From the vocabulary of parents, such words pass into the vocabulary of children. As a result of the survey, some professional words were identified that students in grades 8-11 know and use.
Professionalism
Meaning
Discussion
Worldview
Point of view
Medicines
Medicines
As a language develops, the meaning of many words may change. Some meanings develop, others are lost. In this regard, the original meaning may be “forgotten”.
3. Russian youth slang
Russian youth slang is an interesting linguistic phenomenon that is limited not only by certain age limits, but also by social, temporal and spatial boundaries. It exists among urban student youth and certain more or less closed reference groups.
It is only a lexicon that eats juices national language, lives on its phonetic and grammatical soil.
The flow of this vocabulary does not dry out completely, only at times it becomes shallow, and at other times it becomes full-flowing. Young people created their own "system" slang as a linguistic gesture of opposition to the official ideology, the existence of which is limited not only by age, but also by social, time, and space.
Based on the survey, a small table of frequently used slang was compiled.
Youth slang
Meaning
Hi Hello
Zenki, balls
Dude, man
Super, class, nice
Locators
Unlike dialect and special vocabulary, slang is used most often.
4. Slang vocabulary
Slang vocabulary, like dialect, is characterized by limited use. It is a social variant of speech, called jargon, and is used in certain communication conditions.
Slang vocabulary belongs to a social or other group of people, united by a community of interests and activities.
Students' slang words are characterized by a bright expressive and stylistic coloring, so they can easily turn into everyday speech, into vernacular speech.
The sources of the formation of slang vocabulary are different and most often it is replenished by borrowing. Abbreviations, truncated, phonetically distorted or completely re-interpreted words are widely used.
Also, based on the survey, a small table of frequently used jargon was compiled.
Slang vocabulary
What does it mean
Head, tambourine
Homework
Dividishka
Player
The one who is younger
Mobile phone
Parents
Some jargons quickly fall out of use, while others appear.
Slang vocabulary should not be the property of the speech of cultured people, but the everyday everyday speech of schoolchildren is full of jargon, and it is almost impossible to eliminate it from the speech of adolescents. You need to understand in what area of speech communication their use is permissible.
5. Classification of vocabulary
Principles of vocabulary classification:
By origin: native Russian, borrowed
By degree of use: passive, active
Sphere of use: commonly used vocabulary is opposed to territorially limited ones.
Sociological survey
Is speech etiquette necessary?
Does it offend you that a stranger addresses you as “you”?
Does it bother you that speakers and members of the State Duma violate spelling standards?
Is profanity acceptable?
Is censorship necessary in periodicals?
Do we need a law on speech etiquette?
Survey results:
1. Students of 8th grade
Question no.
Students in the 8th grade believe that speech etiquette is necessary and profanity is unacceptable, but at the same time, the majority are not offended if strangers address them on a first-name basis. Only half of them are embarrassed if announcers and members of the State Duma violate spelling norms.
2. Students of 9th grade
All respondents believe that speech etiquette is necessary, but none of them is offended when strangers address them as “you.” Half of those surveyed believe that profanity is acceptable, while the majority agree that a law on speech etiquette is needed.
10th grade students
Students believe that speech etiquette is necessary, but they are not offended when a stranger addresses them as “you.” Many people notice a violation of spelling norms. A third of students believe that profanity is acceptable. And two-thirds believe that a speech etiquette law is unnecessary.
4. 11th grade students
Students read that speech etiquette is needed, but at the same time, only one of them is offended when strangers address them as “you.” Only half notice a violation of spelling norms, but everyone agrees that profanity is unacceptable.
Conclusion from the survey
The survey showed that the lower the level of education, the less a person thinks about the culture of communication, and he has a smaller vocabulary.
We were convinced that it was necessary to teach children speech etiquette and expand their vocabulary.
Ways to fix
Students usually know more words than they actually use in their speech. They learn new words from many sources: from reading, from teacher speech, from adults. It is necessary to expand and enrich your vocabulary in every possible way. We suggest that you treat your language more carefully and remember that a word carries positive or negative energy.
The study of non-common vocabulary in the speech of students proves the presence of slang, dialect, professional, slang vocabulary in the vocabulary of schoolchildren. You need to learn to use this vocabulary appropriately in accordance with the communication situation, and be aware of the impossibility of using it in standardized speech. To get rid of the negative influence of uncommon vocabulary, you need to know well the norms of the Russian literary language - norms of pronunciation, stress, inflection, spelling .
Conclusion
Speech etiquette is a historically changing rule of communication. In recent years, there has been a significant change in speech etiquette for the worse.
Speech etiquette is a mirror that reflects the level of a person’s internal culture.
A person with a high level of education, who does not violate speech etiquette, is a role model. The people around him do not allow themselves to violate the norms of the culture of communication in his presence.
Among young people, the simplification of etiquette relations is becoming a real epidemic.
You need to master speech etiquette from childhood, in the family, in kindergarten, and even at university, already being professionally oriented in accordance with what speech situations will be the most typical in a person’s work activity, and in order to expand your vocabulary, you need to read more works of fiction, study dictionaries, reference books, write essays, abstracts, use additional literature.
References:
Volina, V.V. I learn the world, the Russian language / V.V. Volina. – M.: AST, 1998.
Skvortsov, L. I. Jargons // Russian language: Encyclopedia. – M., 1979.
Soboleva, O. L. Schoolchildren's Handbook. 5 – 11 grades. Russian language / O. L. Soboleva. – M.: AST, 2003.
Sokolova, V.V. Culture of speech and culture of communication / V.V. Sokolova. – M.: Education, 1995.
Ozhegov, S. I. Dictionary of the Russian language / S. I. Ozhegov. – M.: Russian language, 1994.
Tekuchev, A.V. Methods of the Russian language in secondary school / A.V. Tekuchev. – M.: Education, 1980.
Savko, I. E. Correctness of speech: lexical, phraseological, morphological, syntactic norms / I. E. Savko. – Minsk: “Harvest”, 2008.
Russian language is considered one of the most difficult school subjects. On the one hand, knowledge of our native language is given to us from childhood; we master it as naturally as we breathe and grow. On the other hand, it is a complex discipline that requires a lot of work. Studying is serious work. That is why learning should be interesting and entertaining, since interest evokes surprise, awakens thought, and evokes a desire to understand the phenomenon.
The project presents work completed as one or another topic was covered in Russian language lessons in grades 5, 6, 7. We have collected the rules in an electronic album, which we often use ourselves and which we advise students to use for a more in-depth and interesting study of such an important subject as the Russian language.
When working on this project, we divided into the following groups: technical, creative and informational. The guys from the information group were engaged in searching and providing the necessary information, the creative group were preparing illustrations, and the technical group were typing text on a computer.
Download:
Preview:
Regional creative conference for schoolchildren
"New Intelligence"
Municipal educational institution
"Anastasyevskaya secondary school"
Album of fun rules for the Russian language
Municipal educational institution "Anastasyevskaya Secondary School"
7th grade student.
Head: S.A. Kulesh,
teacher of Russian language.
Anastasyevka 2011
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 3
- Spelling…………………………………………………………….. 5
1.1. Vowel alternation……………………………………………………………………
1.2. Unstressed vowels in the root……………………………………………
- Double consonants………………………………………………………………
- Morphemics………………………………………………………………………………...
- Morphology………………………………………………………………..
- Noun………………………………………………
- Adjective………………………………………………...
- Verb………………………………………………………………..
- Participle…………………………………………………………...
- Adverb……………………………………………………………...
- Pronoun………………………………………………………..
- Numeral…………………………………………………..
- Particles……………………………………………………………...
- Vocabulary……………………………………………………………………..
- Syntax…………………………………………………………………..
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………
Literature………………………………………………………………………………. 21
INTRODUCTION
You have to have fun learning
We'll have fun learning
To study well
Relevance of the topic.Russian language is considered one of the most difficult school subjects. On the one hand, knowledge of our native language is given to us from childhood; we master it as naturally as we breathe and grow. On the other hand, it is a complex discipline that requires a lot of work. When learning is interesting, it’s easy to learn, you want to learn, you’re happy to learn. Studying is serious work. That is why learning should be interesting and entertaining, since interest evokes surprise, awakens thought, and evokes a desire to understand the phenomenon.
Object of work is Russian language.
Subject of work - rules of the Russian language.
Hypothesis lies in the fact that knowledge acquired without interest, not colored by one’s own positive attitude and emotions, does not become useful - it is a dead weight. Play is a way to learn what nothing can teach.
Target: compile a manual for repeating the rules of the Russian language in a playful, poetic form.
Tasks:
- Analyze the literature on this topic.
- Summarize the received material.
Progress of the project. The project presents work completed as one or another topic was covered in Russian language lessons in grades 5, 6, 7. We have collected the rules in an electronic album, which we often use ourselves and which we advise students to use for a more in-depth and interesting study of such an important subject as the Russian language.
When working on this project, we divided into the following groups: technical, creative and informational. The guys from the information group were engaged in searching and providing the necessary information, the creative group were preparing illustrations, and the technical group were typing text on a computer.
1. SPELLING
Letters O, E after sibilants
Chocolate, driver, gooseberry,
Seam, highway, glutton, saddler,
Hood, jockey, thicket,
Rustle, prim, slum.
S, I after C
Ts ygan on ts y kidneys
I went up to the film
And ts u ts said: “Ts ts!”
ZHI-SHI
In ZHI-SHI combinations
Just and always write!
In combinations CHA-SHA
We write only the letter A.
In combinations CHU-SCHU
We write only the letter U.
Dividing soft sign
Before E, Yo, I, Yu, I
I stand in the roots, friends.
Sparrows, family, housing -
Before I, Yu, I, E, Yo.
Sparrows, housing, streams,
Leaves, wings, chairs, whose,
Stakes, feathers and family,
Blizzard, autumn, friends.
Soft sign
A soft sign is a tricky sign.
Don't call him anything.
It's not pronounced
But the word is often asked.
Why is the house at a corner
Turned straight into coal
No fire, just like that?
This is a soft letter.
We will always be where we need to be,
A soft sign to insert into words,
So that the ferret does not become a choir,
Stakes - never stakes.
Soft sign, soft sign -
You can't live without it!
You can't write without it
Thirty, ten, nine, ten, five.
Instead of six we get a pole,
Instead of eat, let's write eats,
The hemp will become foam.
Corners of coals,
The bathhouse will turn into a jar
This is what can happen
If we forget
Soft sign in words to write.
1.1. Vowel alternation
A fairy tale about a fifth-grader Petya,
who ended up in the country Spelling
Once upon a time in this world
Once upon a time there lived a fifth-grader boy, Petya,
Although he was talented and smart,
But he was not friendly with the Russians.
And at home, at school, in class
Everyone reproached him:
“He ruled the spellings
He doesn’t know, he’s full of stupid thoughts!”
Petya’s patience has come to an end,
And he decided, you all notice,
Go to the land of Spelling
And examine everything with diligence...
Did you walk for a long time, or did you walk for a short time?
But he still found that country...
There's no way to get in there
If you don't offer labor.
There are roots at the gate,
They closed tightly in a row.
And they all say to Petya:
“Why did you come to the gate with this?”
Petya politely told them,
What you wanted to meet:
Alternating A and O
The roots tortured him.
The root -KAS- came out towards us,
And the suffix -A- follows immediately,
This is because the root is -KAS-
Without -A- not a single step on display.
If the suffix -A- disappeared somewhere,
Then the root will be -KOS-, guys!
LAG- and -LOG- said clearly:
“We agree with this rule,
If the suffix –A- is behind the root,
We write the letter A calmly.”
The roots -GAR- and -GOR- came out,
And behind them -TVAR- and -TVOR-,
And behind them – CLAN- and – CLONE-
They came out to bow.
They came out and said
And they chattered and repeated.
“If we are without emphasis,
ABOUT write without delay!
Roots –GROW- and –ROS-
Stand up to your full height
And they said: “The letter A
We don’t always write, Petya.
If following the root
ST or Ш
Remember to write,
You need the letter A.
But unfortunately,
There are exceptions
USURER lived in ROSTOV
name was ROSTISLAV
He bought himself a SPROUT
Somewhere at the station."
Roots –SKAK- and –SKOCH-
Don't mind chatting:
"Before the letter K
We write only A
Before H write
Letter O, hurry up!”
Roots –MOK- and –MAK-
They said this:
"You are in verbs with meaning
“Let the water flow through”
Just write the root –MOK-,
So that no one could find fault.
Well, immerse in “liquid”
You need to write the root -MAK-"
A moment - and the roots blossomed.
Everyone disappeared somewhere at once,
And they left him
There, at the entrance, alone.
(L. Durnitsina.)
If after the root - A,
At the root it will be And always!
Here's an example, remember:
“Did you wipe your feet? Wipe it off!”
Under the accent we write GAR, -
Without emphasis - GOR.
For example: TUNED, TAN.
Vice versa: ZAR - ZOR
1.2. Unstressed vowels in the root
Unstressed cunning vowel:
We hear him perfectly,
What letter is in the letter?
Science can help us here:
Place the vowel under stress
To dispel all doubts!
1.3. Double consonants
Rhymes
Gram, grammar, program,
Communist and telegram.
"Um" the second one somehow
Don't forget to write.
Alley, illustration,
Team, illumination,
Million and metal -
I wrote two “el”.
Class, commission and cash,
Passenger, express and highway,
Cross, profession, progress –
Write two letters "es".
Colossus, highway and mass,
Press, box office, track.
Swimming pool, professor and congress –
Put two letters “es” in the words.
Terrace and terror
Territory, platform,
Correspondent and barricade
You need to write with two “er”.
- MORPHEMICS
Friends! My task is this -
Reveal to you how words are constructed,
What morphemes make up them?
What role do they play in words?
(P. Chesnokov.)
Remember, when parsing a word
Ending and foundation
First of all, find it.
After the root there will be a suffix,
And the console is in front
Ending
The part of the word that changes
It's called the ending.
The rest of the word
We call it the basis.
Consoles
There is a prefix before the root,
It is written smoothly.
And with the help of an attachment
Words are formed.
Spelling at-, pre-
Rhymes
I bought it and found it useful
He combed his hair and pretended
Prepare and watch
Write with a prefix at -
Transform and stop
Make your dream come true,
Obstruct and despise
Don't forget to pre-write.
Sisters PRE and PRI
In one of the cities of the country of Morphology there lived sister prefixes PR and PR.
The PRI prefix was very kind and affectionate. She wanted to caress everyone.
Her sister, the prefix PRE, was of a completely different nature. She persecuted everyone, betrayed them, wanted to turn them into her slaves.
And then at the very first Council of Consoles they began to analyze the behavior of the PRE console. The prefix RAZ said: “Your mother PERE was not as evil as you.” All the other consoles unanimously supported her. Prefix PRI, her sister, continued: “Why are you the word hand over remade it and it worked betray ? Aren `t you ashamed? And it’s also called sister.”
PRE thought, lowered her head, became despondent. Some time passed and suddenly - lo and behold! – began to form superlative words: BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY.
The prefix PRE has been re-educated, realized its guilt and now forms many words with different meanings, and fewer and fewer evil words.
PR- or PRE-? or PR-?
It's no secret at all
You will get an answer right away.
You see, it's COMING
The wizard is here for you and me,
TOUCHING something
Shakes his head.
Doesn't do everything completely -
Slightly, barely, slightly:
SIT DOWN, STANDED UP, then LIE –
Doesn't want to go on the road again.
He also likes to find out
What is nearby?
visit the SCHOOL kindergarten,
Inspect him
Take a walk in the PRIMORSKY park,
Nothing else.
The wizard's name is Pri-Pri.
Don't accidentally erase it!
And this is our fairy -
He’s not silent for a second:
Everything makes her very happy
Or very angry.
Just like that: “WONDERFUL!
AWESOME! AWESOME!”
And now: “WORTHY,
It’s STUPID!”
Only one thing does not change -
She always likes it very much
Prefix PERE-. Here she is
Well, just BEAUTIFUL!
And the fairy loves to INTERRUPT,
AND BLOCK, and STOP!..
She has to be forgiven.
Call this fairy
Write down and find out
Be it in the evening, or at dawn.
Under the short name Pre-Pre.
- MORPHOLOGY
- Noun
Russian is a language of six cases
In the Old Russian language there were three more cases, however, in our time we often use them, but we don’t even realize it:
- “Vocative” case is a type of Nominative.
When we turn to Vanya, Anya, Dima, Roma, we tell them“Wan”, “An”, “Dim”, “Rum”, we use the form of the “Vocal” case instead of the Nominative case“Vanya”, “Anya”, “Dima”, “Roma”.
Words also have a “vocal” case“mom”, “dad”, “uncle”, “aunt” (“mom”, “dad”, “aunt”, “uncle”), and two words in the plural:“guys” and “girls” (“guys”, “girls”).
- “Local” case is a variation of the Prepositional.
We know how to form the prepositional case of a word closet . "About what? – About the closet. On what? - … On the wardrobe !".
Shapes: on the closet, in the forest, in the ranks, on the nose(but not on the closet, in the forest, in formation, on the nose) and express the “Local” case. It is used only with prepositions " guilt ".
- “Disjunctive” case is a variation of the Genitive.
A head of garlic and a head of garlic, a glass of kefir or a glass of kefir, a glass of tea or a glass of tea?
Sometimes it is simply necessary to use the form not of the Genitive case, but of the “Disjunctive”: “ I came out of the forest" (Nekrasov), " There's no light to be found?», « A week without a year."
To make it easier to remember existing six cases Russian language, we offer to learn counting counter.
COUNTER - CASES
Nominative, genitive,
Dative, accusative,
Creative, prepositional -
It's easy to remember them.
Six bosom friends -
Six magical cases -
Link word to word,
Understand and listen too
With them we can help each other.
Well, let’s say the words
Can we, like two and two:
(WHO?) Doctor, teacher, writer, student.
(ON WHAT?) On a sheet of paper, on a board, on a table.
(WHAT?) Diagnosis, assignment, book, project.
(WHAT?) Pen and chalk, feather, compass.
(TO WHOM?) The patient, the guys, the master.
(WITHOUT WHAT?) No mistakes, blots, ink.
Diligently, clearly, carefully, quickly
Compiled, assigned, wrote, drew.
Indeclinable nouns
They are called heterodeclinable because they are inclined either according to the 2nd or 3rd declension. There are only 11 such nouns: 10 – neuter on – my name: burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, seed, stirrup, crownand a masculine noun - path .
There is a story about tribe
Only spring will come time ,
The tribe sows peacefully seed,
Even to plow and sow - burden
The cow has a full udder.
Papuan needs a name
Compose for my son
And milk the cow.
But the leader is in their step stirrup,
Sticking a feather on crown,
I raised it above myself banner,
Stirs up discord flame:
Summons everyone again
Don't work - fight.
But the tribe doesn’t want to again
Shedding blood in vain
Everyone prefers peaceful path …
Don't forget our fairy tale.
Indeclinable nouns
“We cannot be persuaded by anyone.
There is no use changing us.
Everyone at school knows about this,”
They said radio, highway,
Bureau, and coffee, and cafe,
Cinema, coat, taxi, coupe.
One early morning My friend and I sat down on the meter And we went on the meter Watch a film about a kangaroo. Here we are sitting in the cinema Without a coat and without a muffler, Or rather, me and you Without a muffler and without a coat. Kids love movies If there's a kangaroo in the movies Walks and wanders along the highway, He carries a chimpanzee in his bag. | A kangaroo came into a cafe I took a free table there And sits behind the domino With a chimpanzee and a cockatoo. Suddenly a huge monkey Started playing the piano Here is an adult, having taken off his pince-nez, I laughed my ass off. Interesting movie It's a shame it ended. Time to run to the wardrobe: They will issue polta. (A. Hight.) |
3.2. Adjective
Declension of full adjectives
When there is an adjective
And it is absolutely necessary
Find out about the ending -
Attention attention!
Run to the noun
And tell him kindly
Simple Spell
From all ignorance:
“Ene-bene, tufi-ros!
We need a question from you!
Abra-mop-slash-swarm!
And “which one?”, and “which one?”,
And “which ones?”, and “which ones?”.
And “which one?”... How many of them are there!
There are no easier rules in the world:
What's in the question is in the answer!
What day? – warm
Green suits your face.
What day? – cheerful
The light is shining in the grove!
What day? – springHis
There is nothing more beautiful in the year!
To be good is to be good! –
And I'll take you
A completely different rule.
I made a point here.
(O. Soboleva.)
About the adjective
Be very careful.
Get to know the adjectives:
kitten - small, fluffy,
stream - cool, silvery,
winter is beautiful and snowy,
and mom is kind and gentle,
words in rhyme are very friendly,
they are pleasant and necessary.
And among them you are sure
you will quickly learn adjectives.
Very entertaining - Adjective. It will be difficult without him If it disappears. Well, imagine this: How without signs of an object We will argue, we will talk, Have fun and joke? What will happen then? Is it worth it to suffer? We won't say "beautiful" Let's not say "ugly" | We won’t tell mom “darling, Beautiful, beloved" To father and brother and sister We won't be able to talk anywhere These are wonderful Pri-la-ga-tel-nye. So that everything becomes great, There are many different signs We'll notice it everywhere And to the place in speech Insert them. |
Suffixes with N and NN
Although we are smart beyond our years,
Not everything is clear and understandable to us,
How many N to write in –AN-, -YAN-
We are all suffering incredibly.
No matter how you turn it, no matter how wise you are,
But with this suffix when meeting
Look carefully first
What part of speech was found?
For adjectives long ago
Recorded in scholarly books:
When –AN-, -YAN-, then –N- is one,
And no more surplus.
Ruddy Santa Claus will wave
Silver gauntlet.
Here -N- is the only thing that will do,
And two is not suitable here at all.
Where are the two -N-? Simple answer:
In a window with a glass surface,
Where is the tin latch?
And the window sill is wooden.
The fog has one thing –N-,
But if the city became foggy,
Based on –N- and suffix –N-
And it turns out two -N-.
Remember this case is strange.
Spelling N-NN
Rhymes
Sacred and desired
Unexpected, unexpected.
Without applying the rules of knowledge,
Write two “en” without hesitation.
But smart, chewed,
Dowry and forged -
You can easily remember
That there is only one “en” in them all the time.
Swine, green, blue, zealous,
Young, spicy and rosy.
Don't look for a suffix here
Write about only one “en”.
Abandoned, given and deprived,
Launched, purchased and decided.
Although without a prefix, it looks perfect.
That's why there are two "en"s.
A fraudster stole from a worker
And a smart mechanic
There is only one “en” in the hotel.
3.3. Verb
Interesting part of speech
Lives in the Russian language.
Who is doing what will tell:
Draws, writes and sings,
Embroidering or plowing,
Or scores a goal
Cooks, fries, washes, cleans -
The verb will tell us everything!
He has a face, time,
Aspect, voice and mood.
And he doesn’t stick out too much -
It agrees with other parts of speech!
Verb conjugations
Verbs of the first conjugation can be easily distinguished from verbs of the second conjugation only ifwhen their personal endings are stressed.
To determine the conjugation,
Look at the ending.
And for emphasis
Pay attention!
(T.Rick.)
Funny rhymes
How will you start me drive,
I'll stop breathing
Ears will stop hearing,
Well, keep holding your hands,
You'll start looking at me
Will you turn me around?
I will still endure
I will depend on you
Since you were able to offend me,
I won't see you
And openly hate!
To the 2nd conjugation
We will take it without a doubt
All the verbs that it,
Excluding shaving, laying
And also look, offend,
Hear, see, hate
Drive, hold, breathe, twirl
And depend and endure.
You will remember, friends,
After all, they are with e cannot be conjugated.
In these verbs we only write And .
This is how we write, look here:
I see You see He sees | We see You see They see |
And this poem with exception verbs–it , which belong to the I conjugation. There are only two such verbs - shave and lay.
To the neighbor's chicken
Shave your head clean.
Should be on a stool
Lay out two napkins.
(T.Rick.)
3.4. Participle
There is no future participle in Russian.
The present and past participles can be replaced with an equivalent verb, respectively, present and past tense:
talking parrot = a parrot that talks;
the parrot who spoke = the parrot who spoke.
The future participle is also equivalent in meaning to the verb in the future tense. The Russian language has such a participle, but only one verb be:
future teacher = one who will be a teacher.
But in fact, in the Russian language there are precise rules for the formation and use of participles, which we want to talk about in poetic form, presenting participle in the form of a funny insect - bug , in which the paws are morphological features, and the antennae are word-forming features.
PARTICIPLE – BEETLE
Participle - familiar to all of us -
Let's imagine it as an insect,
Which signs are legs
They run, but along different paths.
For three, the path to verbs lies:
Time, recurrence, type;
Four have a move to adjectives:
Brevity, number, case, gender.
His mustache is wonderful -
Active and Passive.
From time and from conjugation
There are differences in their structure
Present active participles
The special suffix is inherent in:
For the second conjugation - ash-, -box-,
For the first - - ush-, -yush-.
Passive present participles:
The suffix is completely different:
For the second conjugation - them-,
For the 1st - - ohm-, -em-
Past participles
No need for verb conjugation.
Valid – suffix: - wsh-, -sh-,
Passives: -enn-, -nn-, -t-.
We will present all forms of participles,
(We’ll make it up according to the rules):
Running, revealed, tested,
Flying, asleep, confident,
Singing, vulnerable and distributed,
Driven, overgrown and created.
3.5. Adverb
An adverb is an independent part of speech:
Comes from an ancient noble family, as indicated by the majestic root-speech- , which was already known in the Old Russian language; but then it was a verb meaning “to speak”, from which words such assaying, speech, adverb(talk), name, etc.;
If we literally translate the word adverb into modern language, it will turn out “ insolence ", and in Latin - " verb."
Helps the verb, that is, adjoining it, explains and clarifies it;
The main feature is immutability;
In sentences it is most often used as a circumstance.
We tried to imagine:
Morphology (section of the Russian language) - in the form of an island;
Part of speech (section of morphology) - in the form of a country with its cities, among which there is a city in which only adverbs “live”;
What would this city look like, that is, how many districts, squares, streets would it have and with what names;
What actual adverbs could live on which streets;
What would a square in the city center look like, where all the dialects could be found at once?
As a result of our imagination, we came up with a rhyming text, which we accompanied with our illustrations.
WHAT IS AN ADVERB?
What is a "verb"? This is part of speech
In the ancient. Today it is an “adverb”.
Like a noun, like an adjective,
This part of speech is independent.
She doesn't bow or hide,
That is, otherwise, does not change.
The part of speech that is adjacent to
Different signs indicate:
Action - to a verb or gerund,
Feature – to an adjective, adverb, participle,
Subject - to a noun.
The adverb is complex and surprising.
And in a sentence during “proceedings”
Most often it can be a circumstance.
CITY ADVERB
On the island morphology is the country part of speech.
There, among others, there is a city adverb.
There are six streets in the city, each with its own meaning.
All residents, without exception, live and work on them.
On the street mode of action - fast, friendly, easy;
Outdoor places – to the right, to the side, near, far;
On the street of time – in the morning, in the summer, today, now;
On the street goals - as a joke, accidentally and for show;
On the street measures and degrees – very, completely, quite;
And for the reasons on the street - involuntarily, not without reason, casually.
There is an adverb in the city - district - pronominal,
It is inhabited by unknown inhabitants,
Together with interrogatives, next to negative ones.
And, of course, also with the index fingers.
On the square of popular expressions
Adverbs wander here and there.
They live without troubles and regrets,
In short, they live happily ever after.
They won’t cut from the shoulder right away,
Keep your ears to the ground,
Their souls are wide open, like their minds,
They know the whole city inside and out.
They won't beat around the bush,
There are so many of them - there’s no room for an apple to fall,
Even though some people's heads are spinning,
We will study them, there is no loss with them
3.6. Pronoun
In a negative pronoun
Know: the emphasis is NOT,
And NI - without emphasis!
Learn this carefully:
In negative pronouns,
When the preposition is inside,
We write not one word, but three.
Two words - remember - never.
No one - no one.
Do you remember?
Yes!
3.7. Numeral
Ditties about numerals
We learned nouns,
Adjectives are also numerals.
Let us sing ditties for you about numerals:
Compound, simple, ordinal, quantitative.
One, two, three, twenty, thirty-five -
Everyone knows integers; it’s very easy to count them.
Forty point seven, two eighths and three second notes –
Fractional numbers are more difficult, be able to decline them.
Both, both, two, three – collective,
Combined with nouns.
First, fifth, one hundred and eighth, seventh - ordinal,
We will all construct a whole series of numbers in order.
Phraseologisms we know about numerals
And there are also many instructive proverbs:
One with a bipod, seven at the tablealready sitting
Until the seventhTheysweatthey want to work hard.
One, we knowhead – Fine, two – better,
In an instant, the problems will all be resolved right there.
They say,one for all, Butall for one,
If everyone gets down to business, then nothing is scary.
Finallywith one voicewe wish you soon,
Don't have a hundred rublesyou andhave a hundred friends!
3.8. Particles
Something, something.
Don't forget the dash.
But what about particles?
Write them separately!
What about particles?
You can easily remember them, -
Just memorize this phrase:
“Tell me anyway?”
- VOCABULARY
Synonyms
There are words in a language that are similar in meaning, but different in sound. Such words are calledsynonyms.
Words are synonyms
Always close in meaning
The only difference is
Sometimes in shades.
Homeland - Fatherland
- Fatherland.
How much is there in them
Sacred for us!
Antonyms
Words with opposite meanings are calledantonyms.
Minus plus,
Fire water,
Daring - cautious.
All antonyms always
Opposite.
Phraseologisms
- The theory of phraseological units was founded at the beginning of the 20th century. Phraseologisms are used all the time in our everyday speech. Sometimes we don’t even notice that we are uttering these stable, now popular, expressions - they are so familiar and convenient
- Phraseologisms differ in imagery.
“You can’t see a thing” is the same as dark. However, a phraseological unit is more energetic, more emotional, that is, by resorting to it, a person, among other things, also communicates his attitude towards an event, object or interlocutor.
- Phraseologisms are the pearls of the Russian language. Some people take them literally, but this is due to a lack of knowledge of the environment in which they live. For example, an expression that is understandable to a Russian-speaking person is unlikely to be understandable to a foreigner.
- Phraseologisms show the peculiarity of the mentality of the Russian language. That is why their speech is very difficult to translate into another language, sometimes almost impossible, unless by selecting a similar analogue. There cannot be literal translations of phraseological units.
- Phraseologisms are apt expressions. But sometimes they are sharp and rude, sometimes they are too expressive, so they need to be used in colloquial speech, and, for example, in official business speech they should be used with great caution.
- We composed ditties and phrases using phraseological units with the word “EAR”; we illustrated some of them with our own sketches, showing a literal understanding of these phraseological units.
DITTS-PHRAZEUSHKI
Placeears on top of heads.
Listen carefully.
We are ditties and phrases
Let's sing it diligently.
Buzzing in my earsteacher at a lesson topic,
But he cannot understand the strange problem himself:
In one earthe guys are on the topic,
Not two minutes pass -flies to another.
Careless student– head two ears –
I listened to the lesson reluctantlyout of the corner of my ear.
Doesn't leadhe evenearon the advice of your friends,
Not in sighthe's an A,like your own ears.
The bear crushed my earVasya at birth,
And now he hums and growls during a singing lesson.
Turns red from ear to earVasya - I can’t sing,
Ears witherfor others - but he tries his best.
We fly into the dining room, we see Petya sitting there,
There is pizza, andbehind the earshimcrackles.
Everyone starts laughingmoutheveryone has alreadyto the ears,
They can't calm downat least sew on the ties.
We sang phrasesbelieveYouto your ears,
Not with your earsnecessaryclapWell, it’s better for us to study.
We hope versesdidn't go unnoticed,
Don't bother in life, you need to be
more friendly with science.
- SYNTAX
Main members of the proposal
When your task is to find
The main members of the sentence,
First of all, find the verb
Verb in any mood.
When this verb is revealed
Between other words,
Then highlight it quickly
Two features at once.
Then we asked questions from him: who? What?
We direct to other words
And the subject, as if on a hook,
We'll get to these questions.
Here we are with one line
Let us immediately emphasize without a doubt,
And admire - in front of you
The main members of the proposal.
Addition
Questions about oblique cases
You already know for sure.
If you ask them without delay,
Additions will be found here.
(Readingbooks(what? vin.p.)
Writingpencil(what? creative p.)
Definition
Sign of an object or phenomenon
Indicates a definition.
Whose and which? - the answers are simple,
The only thing missing is the wavy line.
Circumstances
To the questions: where? When?
How? from where and where?
Circumstances are always
They will give you answers, yes, yes.
Appeal
To all of us when communicating
Appeal will help.
To people, stars and birds
Feel free to contact us.
When writing, do not forget
Separate with commas.
Introductory words
Me, like everyone else, more than once, not twice
Introductory words saved me.
And more often than others among them
The words “firstly”, “secondly”.
They, starting from afar,
They gave a reason slowly
Gather your thoughts for now...
(A. Kushner)
Collocations
Attention! Attention!
Here's a phrase.
There are a couple of words in it,
But their rights are not equal,
The word is always important in it
Walks with an addict.
And who is in charge here - without difficulty
The question determines.
The question comes from the main one
By the dependent word,
And never vice versa
Remember it as a basis.
CONCLUSION
Every person is a creative person who, through words, can express not only himself, but also his attitude to the world around him.
We get acquainted with the beauty of the great and powerful Russian language, learn and strive to try ourselves in creativity, but we want to end our album with a wonderful poem by the master of the Russian word - Russian poet Sergei Ostrovoy:
primogeniture
You get used to the words
day by day,
And they have a primordial meaning
full...
And when I hear:
- I'm sorry! –
This means:
- Exclude me from the blame!
The word has the color of its own fire.
Your birthright. Your boundaries.
And when I hear:
- Protect me! –
This means:
- Surround me with shores!
The word has roots. And there are relatives.
It is not a foundling under an orphan bush.
And when I hear:
- Protect me! –
This means:
- Hide me behind the shield!
Listen. Get into it. Don't forget.
The word has its own temper. Your gut.
And if you get into the essence of this -
Word
will do it to you
good.
In recent years, there have been changes in the practice of domestic education. Not a single aspect of school affairs remains unchanged. The new principles of personality-oriented education and individual approach, which are making their way, required, first of all, new teaching methods. The leading place among such methods discovered in the arsenal of world and domestic pedagogical practice belongs today to project method.
This method allows you to solve the problems of developing intellectual skills and creative development of children. Fostering love for the Russian language is a responsible task facing the teacher of Russian language and literature, because “language is life” and “we learn language and must learn it until the last days of our lives.” (K.G. Paustovsky). And love for the native language is cultivated primarily through awakening in schoolchildren an interest in the subject “Russian Language”, which arises both in school lessons and in extracurricular activities.
The project is an effective means of involving the majority of students in extracurricular activities, since work on the project involves developing students’ interest in independently studying various sections of the Russian language by reading popular science literature, working with dictionaries, reference books, participating in electives, linguistic circles, clubs lovers of the Russian language.
Our project is based on the development of students’ cognitive creative skills and the ability to navigate the information space, as well as the ability to independently model practical computer material for Russian language lessons.
In information technology lessons, students receive certain practical knowledge that allows them to independently develop computer tasks. 10th grade students at our school decided to try to model computer material for Russian language lessons in 5th grade.
After reviewing the available educational computer programs for the Russian language, it was decided to create our own program. Modern communication technologies and computer science tools allow:
- increase students' interest in a complex subject;
- independently repeat practical material using a computer;
- with the help of game moments, students can acquire knowledge not out of necessity, but at will, with interest;
- to be able to evaluate oneself correctly and naturally.
We know that being able to correctly evaluate oneself is an important ability of a person that helps him in life: underestimating one’s abilities prevents a person from being proactive, decisive, and energetic.
At an information technology lesson, tenth-graders decided to come up with a small “computer holiday” for their younger friends, fifth-graders, to learn Russian.
How we created the project
The goal of the project: to develop modern game tasks (manuals) in the Russian language using computer technology.
- - use computer technology to create a game manual on the Russian language for grade 5;
- - increase students’ interest in subjects (Russian language, information technology);
- - provide the opportunity to study Russian not only in class, but also at home;
- - try your hand at a variety of creative tasks (from a fabulous journey to the land of Morphology through a labyrinth, a crossword puzzle, a game of solitaire to practical tests).
Students will learn:
- Do they write correctly?
- do they know the rules?
- Are they able to apply the rules in practice?
Students will see the results of their work on all assignments and will be able to refer to a set of spelling rules.
Project type: practice-oriented.
The result is aimed at the interests of school students in better mastering the rules of spelling of the Russian language
Progress
- Planning and selection of necessary sources of information.
- View computer programs for learning the Russian language and a Russian language textbook for 5th grade.
- Selecting a specific topic and collecting the necessary theoretical material on the Russian language.
- Processing and systematization of collected information.
- Presentation of research results.
- The result of the study was tested in a Russian language lesson in the 5th grade.
Project stages
1. Preparatory stage
- Choosing a subject.
- Justification of the need to conduct a computer lesson in the selected academic subject.
- Selecting software tools for developing tasks (Microsoft Office Word, Excel, Power Point, Publisher, Visual Basic).
2. Organizational stage
- Formation of project teams.
- Drawing up a work plan.
Fig. 1 Tenth graders draw up a plan for working on a project.
3. Search stage
- Collection of information.
- Formation of a bank of ideas.
4. Practical stage
- Development of game material.
- Selection of musical accompaniment.
rice. 2 Voiceover of material
- Selection and production of illustrative material
5. Design and design stage
- Preparation of practical material (booklets).
- Development of computer tasks using used software.
Poster design (Fig. 3)
Conducting a Russian language lesson in grade 5A using practical material (booklets).
- Conducting an information technology lesson in grade 5B using computer games in the Russian language.
7. Receipt of the product
- Editing developed computer tasks.
- An entertaining practical guide for Russian language lessons in 5th grade.
- Use of the received manual by school teachers in Russian language lessons and in extracurricular activities.
Necessary equipment:
PC with wide peripherals and Internet access, computer class, Russian language classroom.
Bibliography:
- A. Akishina “Games in Russian language lessons.”
- T. Zharkova “Entertaining Russian language.”
- T. Akishina “Phonetic exercises”.
- N. Solovyova “Russian language in tasks and games.”
- 1C: Tutor.
- 1C: Tutor. Spelling tests.
- CD: Punctuation tests.
What we got
The game has accompanied man throughout the history of his existence, developing his abilities and skills, adapting him to life, passing on the experience of previous generations.
The game contributes to the acquisition of knowledge not out of necessity, but at the request of the students themselves and is not formal, but interesting. Since learning is often based on coercion, play is perceived as especially joyful, and joy, in turn, stimulates disposition towards the educational subject and increases interest in it.
The game allows the student to evaluate himself against the background of other students. And the ability to make self-esteem is an important ability of a person that helps him in life: underestimating one’s abilities prevents a person from being proactive, decisive, and energetic. (Appendix 4), “Spelling negative pronouns with prepositions” (Appendix 5)
Using the practical aids received during the project activities, the teacher received feedback on the progress of the process of acquiring knowledge and its results immediately; The student also traced the same relationship. The teacher and student, having seen errors, will be able to record and eliminate gaps in knowledge and outline rational ways to eliminate them, taking into account individual approaches.
It is always important for the teacher to resolve the question of the effectiveness of the methodology used. Such manuals immediately show an objective picture of students’ progress in mastering educational material.
Results of a test and generalization lesson with traditional tasks.
Number of students: 25 people.
Results after conducting a lesson using computer tasks.
(game “In the Land of Spelling”, “Journey to the Land of Morphology”).
