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General information. The country's territory is 312,679 square meters. km (69th in the world and ninth in Europe). Population: 38 million people (33rd in the world). The average population density is 328 people per km². The date of creation of the first Polish state is considered to be 966. The urban population is 61%. The official language is Polish. The official currency of the country is the zloty. The capital is Warsaw.
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History of Poland The date of creation of the first Polish state is considered to be 966. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 united with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1795, as a result of three partitions, when the territory was divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia, the Polish state ceased to exist. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I, but was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1939. After the war, Poland became a socialist republic dependent on the USSR. In 1989, changes took place in the political system and the transition to a market economy.
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Poland covers an area of 312,679 km², according to this indicator the country is 69th in the world and 9th in Europe. Population: 38 million people (33rd in the world). The country is divided into 16 voivodeships, which in turn are divided into powiats (districts) and communes (parishes).
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State structure. The Republic of Poland is a state with a republican system. The state legislative bodies are the Sejm and the Senate. The Sejm consists of 460 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Senate consists of 100 deputies who are elected for the term of office of the Sejm. The executive branch is represented by the president and the council of ministers. The head of state is the president, elected for a 5-year term by general elections.
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In the north it is washed by the Baltic Sea, in the west it borders with Germany, in the southwest with the Czech Republic, in the south with Slovakia, in the southeast with Ukraine, in the east with Belarus, in the northeast with Lithuania and Russia (Kaliningrad region). In addition, Poland, through an economic zone in the Baltic Sea, borders the zones of Denmark and Sweden.
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Relief: the Świętokrzyskie Mountains and the mostly flat Lublin Upland. Even further south are the Sudeten and Carpathian ranges, along which the southern border of Poland runs. The highest point in Poland is Rysy Peak (2499 m), which belongs to the Carpathians. In the north and west of Poland there are lowlands, occupying over 3/4 of the country's area. In the south and southeast they are replaced by the Silesian-Lesser Poland Upland with low (up to 600 m)
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Climate Average temperatures in January are from −1 to −5 °C (in the mountains up to −8 °C), July 17-19 °C (in the mountains up to 10°); precipitation 500-800 mm on the plains; in the mountains in some places over 1000 mm per year. The climate is temperate, changing from maritime to continental from north to south with mild (cold in the mountains) winters and warm (cool in the mountains) summers. The coldest region of Poland is the northeastern region, and the warmest is the southwestern region.
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Rivers 99.7% is occupied by the Baltic basin. The largest rivers in Poland are the Vistula and Odra. The Vistula and Odra, together with their tributaries, have the largest basins (54.0% and 33.9% of Poland's surface area, respectively). The Vistula and Odra and their largest mountain tributaries originate in the Carpathians and Sudetes.
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Did you know that near the Polish city of Wagrowiec the two rivers Welna and Nelba intersect strictly at right angles. And their waters, without mixing at all, then flow on in their own channels. The secret of this unique phenomenon lies in the differences in water temperatures in these rivers, different speeds and levels of currents. Experiments have been carried out here many times. Red paint was poured into Velna, and blue paint into Nelba. And at the intersection of the rivers, the colors did not mix: the red one ran in its own channel, and the blue one ran on top of the red one in its own.
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Lakes The region of Masurian lakes - “The Green Lungs of Poland”. This region is rich in forests and is home to Poland's two largest lakes: Śniardwy (114 sq. km) with its eight islands and Mamry (104 sq. km) with its 33 islands, 180 km from the shore. The deepest lake is Hanca, the longest lake is Jezerak. Many lakes are connected by rivers and canals.
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Population The population of Poland is 38.678 million people. Modern Poland is one of the most mononational states in the world. About 97% of Poland's population are ethnic Poles and speak Polish. Poles are the largest Western Slavic people. Poland is one of the eight most populous countries in Europe.
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Religion 89.9% of Polish citizens are Catholics by religion, only 1.3% are Orthodox Christians, 0.3% are Protestants
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Economy. The Polish government planned to abolish the zloty by 2012 and introduce the euro in the country. But as a member of the Policy Council of the National Bank of Poland states: “Poland, apparently, will not have a euro before 2014-2015.” Poland is an industrial-agrarian country. The Polish economy also has its weaknesses. First of all, this is relatively high, by EU standards, unemployment. Agriculture suffers from a lack of investment, an abundance of small farms and redundant staff.
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Minerals Poland is a country rich in minerals, one of the world leaders in reserves of hard and brown coal, copper ores, zinc and tin. The country has deposits of sulfur and natural building materials. Since time immemorial, Poland has been famous for its reserves and mining of amber. In the Middle Ages, the extraction of rock salt in the Krakow mines (Bochnia and Wieliczka deposits) played an important role.
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Hard and brown coal (Upper Silesian basin) Natural gas (minor volumes) Sulfur; Table salt; Ore, copper, zinc; Logging; Amber. Hard coal Mined in Poland: Table salt Amber
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Production The main branches of specialization are: Mechanical engineering Ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production) metallurgy Chemical Textile and clothing Cement Production of porcelain and earthenware Production of sporting goods (yachts, tents, etc.).
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Agriculture. Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main grain crops are rye, wheat, barley, oats. Poland is a large producer of sugar beets (over 14 million tons per year), potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic, and onions is important. The leading branch of livestock farming is pig farming; dairy and beef cattle breeding (Poland is one of Europe's largest suppliers of eggs); beekeeping. Marine fishing and reindeer husbandry. Poultry and sheep farming are common in the south of the country.
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Hortex is one of the world's largest producers of frozen vegetables and fruits. The company's activities are focused on two main areas: the production of juices and drinks and the production of frozen vegetables and fruits; The third significant activity is the production of fruit juice concentrate. The products are produced in 3 modern processing plants (in the cities of Ryki, Skierniewice and Przysucha near Radom).
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Transport. The main seaports of the country are Gdansk, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Gdynia, Kolobrzeg. The length of railways in the country is 26,644 km. Rail transportation throughout the country is carried out by the Polish State Railways company. There are 13 airports. Poland occupies one of the leading places in the world in the production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machinery, industrial equipment, etc.
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Warsaw. At the beginning of the 15th century. it became known as the capital of the Duchy of Mazovia and, from 1918, of the Independent Polish Republic. The city stretches along both banks of the Vistula River, 20-25 km from where the Bug River flows into it. Since ancient times, a route connecting Eastern and Central Europe ran through the territory occupied by the city. The area of Warsaw is more than 450 km². The population of Warsaw is more than 2 million people (including its suburbs), which is approximately 4% of the total population of Poland.
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Krakow Kraków Full name - Capital Royal City of Krakow (Stołeczne Królewskie Miasto Kraków) a city on the left bank of the Vistula. The second most populous city in Poland after Warsaw. The administrative center of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Rich in historical monuments, the city center is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. One of the largest scientific, cultural and economic centers in Poland, a popular tourism destination.
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occupies one of the leading places in the world in the production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machinery, machine tools, engines, electronics, industrial equipment, etc.), ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production), metallurgy, chemical (sulfuric acid, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics, photographic products), textiles (cotton, linen, wool), clothing, cement, porcelain and earthenware production, sporting goods production (kayaks, yachts, tents, etc.). Agriculture Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main grain crops are rye, wheat, barley, oats. Poland is a large producer of sugar beets (over 14 million tons per year), potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic, and onions is important. The leading branch of livestock farming is pig farming; dairy and beef cattle breeding, poultry farming (Poland is one of Europe's largest suppliers of eggs); beekeeping. Sea fishing and reindeer husbandry (deer and red deer in the Lublin Voivodeship). Tourism Poland has a number of resorts. The country's main seaports are Gdansk and Szczecin.
Culture Polish culture has been formed over many centuries. Its formation was influenced by countries that occupied the territory of Poland at different times, so its culture is very diverse. Many gifted individuals in different years and centuries have glorified Poland throughout the world with their talents. Frederic Chopin (music) Maria Sklodowska - Curie (physics) Anna German (music) Adam Mickiewicz (literature) Nicolaus Copernicus (sciences)
Common roots I like to study the peoples of different countries; they are interesting for their traditions, dances, and costumes. Of all the peoples, the Polish people most attracted my attention. The costumes of the Poles are somewhat similar to ours, because the Poles, like us, are of Slavic origin. Polish costumes Russian costumes
Traditional costumes Dress and fashion in Poland were influenced by the climate, as well as other cultures with which the Poles came into contact. Because of these varied influences, each region of Poland has its own local traditional dress. Traditional Polish folk costumes vary by region, but are typically brightly colored and decorated with embroidery. Krakow Kujakow Cyszczyn Lowitz Podhalianka
Costumes Traditional costumes are still sometimes worn for weddings and other important family events and informal gatherings. People in the village most often wear folk costumes. They wear them only on special occasions - on Sundays to church, church processions, village festivals and weddings. The Gorale jacket is made from the finest unbleached wool with distinctive handcraft. The matching pants also feature fine needlework and a black stripe down each leg. The suit is also complemented by a black felt hat.
History of folk costumes Folk costumes have been the most fashionable since the second half of the 19th century, when cheap and widely produced fabrics became more accessible to the common population. Peasants gaining independence wanted to show their pride by wearing traditional costumes.
History Some costumes became more popular than others due to the wave of patriotic feelings in the 19th century. The costumes of Krakow became a symbol of the struggle for national freedom, as peasants from the Krakow region took part in the Kosciuszko Uprising. In fact, the folk costume from the Krakow region became the national costume of Poland.
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Slide text: Poland
Slide text: Official name – Republic of Poland. This is a state located in Eastern Europe. The total area of its territory is 312.7 thousand square meters. km. The country borders in the northeast with the Kaliningrad region of Russia and Lithuania, in the south with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in the east with Belarus and Ukraine, and in the west with Germany. The northern coast of the country is washed by the Baltic Sea. The capital of Poland is the city of Warsaw.
Slide text: The territory of Poland has a predominantly flat terrain. In the southwest are the Sudeten Mountains. The highest point here is Mount Snezka, whose height is 1605 meters. In the south are the Carpathians with the Tatras, Beskids and Bieszczady Mountains. The highest point here is Mount Rysy in the Tatras, whose height is 2499 meters. There are many rivers and reservoirs in the central part of the country. The largest river is the Vistula, which flows from the Tatras into the Baltic Sea. The second largest river in the country is the Odra. Almost all rivers in Poland flow into the Baltic Sea. There are about 9,300 lakes in Poland. They are mainly concentrated in the Baltic Uplands and the Coastal Plain. Relief
Slide text: Climate The country has a temperate climate, transitional from maritime to continental. The average temperature in January is from -1 C to -5 C (in the mountains up to -6 C), in July - from +16 to +19 C. In the central regions of Poland it is always a little warmer and drier than in the west and north. The annual amount of precipitation falling on the plains is up to 500-600 mm, in the mountains in some places - over 1800 mm. The Baltic coast of Poland has a more variable climate, which is highly dependent on the nature of air masses. But the climate becomes warmer and wetter as we move west.
Slide text: Population The country's population is about 38.6 million people. About 98% of the population are Poles. Germans, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Lithuanians, Tatars, Armenians, Jews, etc. also live in Poland. More than 16 million Poles live outside the country. The official language is Polish. German, English, Russian and languages of ethnic groups are also used. The largest cities in the country: Warsaw, Lodz, Krakow, Wroclaw, Poznan, Gdansk, Szczecin.
Slide text: Attractions
Slide text: Lake Morskie Oka Morskie Oko is the largest mountain lake in the Polish Tatras. Its depth is 53 meters, its area is more than 35 hectares. Morskie Oko is connected by a channel to the Black Pond, forming a spectacular waterfall.
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Slide text: Marienburg Castle In the delta of the Vistula River, not far from the border with the Kaliningrad region in the Polish city of Malbork, there is the world's largest medieval brick castle, Marienburg. The castle was founded by the Teutonic Knights in the second half of the thirteenth century, and was surrounded by a moat and a wall to strengthen its defensive systems. The total area of land occupied by the castle is 21 hectares. The Order Castle Marienburg has a special arrangement of rooms and halls, which was caused by the need to provide the castle and its inhabitants with protection in the event of an attack and a successful siege. On the ground floor there were only administrative and utility rooms and defensive fortifications, while on the floors above there were residential apartments for the knights. Therefore, Marienburg Castle is usually divided into three groups of buildings - a high castle for the crusaders, a medium one for service and administrative needs, and a low castle where farmsteads and stables were located. A torture chamber was also built in the castle.
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Slide text: Another name is “Monument to the Victims of Martial Law.” Located in the city of Wroclaw, at the intersection of Świdnicka and Marshall Pilsudski streets. Initially, in 1977, the sculptural group stood in the very center of Warsaw, but was dismantled on the night of December 12, 1981. In December 2005 years, fourteen full-length human sculptures, newly made by the sculptor Jerzy Kalina, were installed at the site of active popular demonstrations during the political crisis in Poland in 1981. The monument is dedicated to the victims of martial law, as repressions took place during the crisis, more than 40 thousand arrests , and executions. Some were afraid and remained silent, others went underground and published leaflets. During the crisis, five thousand members of the Solidarity movement were arrested. Sculpture "Transition 1977-2005"
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Slide text: Monument to the 15th Uhlan Regiment The monument to the 15th Uhlan Regiment is a monument located in the city of Poznan on the corner of Ludgarda and Paderewski streets. The monument is dedicated to the soldiers of the Poznań 15th Lancer Regiment, who fought during the Soviet-Polish War in 1920 with Soviet troops and during the outbreak of World War II in 1939 as part of the “Poznan Army”. The modern monument is a copy of the monument opened in 1927. The authors of the first monument were sculptors Mieczyslaw Lubelski and Adam Ballenstedt. In 1939, the monument was destroyed by the German occupation authorities and was restored in 1982. The authors of the copy were Józef Murlevki and Benedikt Klashnia. The monument was created by analogy with the iconography of St. George the Victorious, the patron saint of the 15th Uhlan Regiment. The original monument, erected before World War II, differed from today's copy in the presence of a dragon, which was struck with a spear by a rider sitting on a horse.
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Slide text: The bronze monument to Frederic Chopin, the most famous monument in Warsaw, is located in Lazienki Park. The sculpture, by Waclaw Szymanowski, depicts the figure of the composer sitting under an old willow tree. Now Chopin's sculpture is very popular. The monument is depicted not only in newspapers, postcards, calendars, stamps, but there is even a reproduction in Japan. It was supposed to be installed in honor of the centenary of the famous composer back in 1910. But, first due to controversy surrounding the sculpture, and then because of the war, it was opened only in 1926. Over time, the German occupation of Poland began, where the Germans completely blew up the monument. But, in 1958, through the great efforts of the Poles, the sculpture was completely restored. Monument to Frederic Chopin
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Welcome to Poland
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Country’s full name: The Republic of Poland National flag/Color: top - white, bottom - red National banner: flag with national emblem - national symbol used by ships, civil air ports, diplomatic missions and consular posts
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National emblem: white eagle in a crown against a red background National anthem: Mazurek Dabrowskiego
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A Few Facts About Poland
Poland is a member of the European Union. The money used is 1 zloty = 100 groszy. The population of Poland is 38,621,000. The language spoken is Polish. The capital of Poland is Warsaw.
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The Republic of Poland is a country in Central Europe Poland is the 69th largest country in the world and 9th largest in Europe
Neighboring countries (border length): - Russia (210 km) - Lithuania (103 km) - Byelorussia (416 km) - Ukraine (529 km) - Slovakia (539 km) - Czech Republic (790 km) - Germany (467 km) - Length of sea border (528 km) Total length of national border 3582 km
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The State of the Republic of Poland
In accordance with the Constitution of 2nd April 1997, the organs of state are: Legislative authority: The Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, Executive authority: The President and the Council of Ministers, Judicial authority: The courts and tribunals. The President: Lech Kaczyński; sworn into office on 23 December 2005. The President is elected in a general election; the term lasts for 5 years from the date the President is sworn into office.
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Religion in Poland
Catholic: 95% Orthodox: 1.5% Protestant (mainly Evangelical): 1%
Pope John Paul II
Catholic St.Anne's Church in Warsaw
Lutheran Jesus Church in Cieszyn
Grabarka
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Warsaw
Warsaw is the most beautiful capital in the world. There are a lot of nice parks and squares there. Its famous old town is about forty years, but it looks like a medieval town with its Royal Palace on the steep bank of the river Visla. The most beautiful places in Warsaw are Wilanow Palace, Warsaw Barbican, a monument to Chopin one of the great composer in the world, the Cathedral of St. John and some others. There are many pretty cafes, large and small cinemas and theatres, shops and markets, nightclubs in the center of the city.
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Poland's Important People
Nicolaus Copernicus - famous ancient astronomer Frederic Chopin - a musical composer Marie Curie - woman scientist and the first to win a Nobel Prize Karol Wojtyla or better known as Pope John Paul II
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What Polish Kids Do
Polish children work very hard in school and especially study English so that they will be able to get good jobs. Most families are very poor and children see the importance of trying to get to college and get good jobs. Kids play games such as soccer, volleyball, field and ice hockey and streetball which is like our basketball. The mountains provide hiking in the summer and skiing in the winter. Camping, swimming and fishing are popular activities in the summer.
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National Parks in Poland constitute the biggest form of nature protection. The main task of a national park is to study and preserve the unity of natural systems of the area, as well as to restore the disturbed or extinct elements of a natural nature. There are 23 national parks in Poland with total area of ca. 315,000 ha, which cover approximately 1 per cent of the country's area. Polish National Parks are exceptional in Europe for their range of wildlife, their size and varying geographical interest
National Parks
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The presentation uses drawings and photographs from Internet resources.
