Konovalova Tatyana. Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, Saratov, Russia
Essay in English (topic in English)

Incurable Diseases

Health is important in our everyday life. Usually people name stress as one of the enemies of their health. But in fact, we don`t wish to think about the reasons of our diseases, but still we are afraid of really dangerous diseases. Most of all we are afraid of cancer.

Then, there are the following diseases on the list of the incurables ones: Alzheimer`s disease, heart diseases, cerebrovascular accidents, loss of vision; and these diseases in comparison with some simple illnesses as the problem with weight or the lost of attractiveness are really dangerous.

Infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents carry away more lives than any other disease, including cancer. Psychologists comment upon it in the following way: “Cancer is a serious illness, one knows about it before hand and has to live with this further. As for heart diseases people think that they will either die immediately or they will be cured of this or that heart disease."

It`s curious to find out that every fourth is more afraid of AIDS or Avian influenza than the loss of hearing ability, obesity, and respiratory system diseases.

"Well, before one battles with these mysterious diseases, our attention should be paid to more banal illnesses", one of the doctors said.

But I think that we should be aware of everything in this world. The list of the incurable diseases is rather big. AIDS, cancer and avian flu are only three of this big list but they are not less serious than others.

My Daughter Learned to Count

My daughter woke me around 11:50 last night. My wife and I had picked her up from her friend Sally’s birthday party, brought her home, and put her to bed. My wife went into the bedroom to read while I fell asleep watching the Braves game.

“Daddy,” she whispered, tugging my shirt sleeve. “Guess how old I’m going to be next month.”

“I don’t know, beauty,” I said as I slipped on my glasses. “How old?”

She smiled and held up four fingers.

He Stood Against My Window

I don’t know why I looked up, but when I did I saw him there. He stood against my window. His forehead rested against the glass, and his eyes were still and light and he smiled a lipstick-red, cartoonish grin. And he just stood there in the window. My wife was upstairs sleeping, my son was in his crib and I couldn’t move. I froze and watched him looking at me through the glass.

Oh, please, no. His smile never moved but he put a hand up and slide it down the glass watching me. With matted hair and yellow skin and face through the window.

Don’t be scared of the monsters, just look for them. Look to your left, to your right, under your bed, behind your dresser, in your closet but never look up, she hates being seen.

What's in the basement?

Mommy told me never to go into the basement, but I wanted to see what was making that noise. It kind of sounded like a puppy, and I wanted to see the puppy, so I opened the basement door and tiptoed down a bit. I didn’t see a puppy, and then Mommy yanked me out of the basement and yelled at me. Mommy had never yelled at me before, and it made me sad and I cried. Then Mommy told me never to go into the basement again, and she gave me a cookie. That made me feel better, so I didn’t ask her why the boy in the basement was making noises like a puppy, or why he had no hands or feet.

“Yeeeeeeeees?”

When I was a child my family moved into a big old two-floor house, with big empty rooms and creaming floorboards. Both my parents worked so I was often alone when I came home from school. One early evening when I came home the house was still dark.

I called out, “Mum?” and heard her sing song voice say “Yeeeeees?” from upstairs. I called her again as I climbed the stairs to see which room she was in, and again got the same “Yeeeeees?” reply. We were decorating at the time, and I didn’t know my way around the maze of rooms but she was in one of the far ones, right down the hall. I felt uneasy, but I figured that was only natural so I rushed forward to see my mum, knowing that her presence would calm my fears, as a mother’s presence always does.

Just as I reached for the handle of the door to let myself in to the room I heard the front door downstairs open and my mother call “Sweetie, are you home?” in a cheery voice. I jumped back, started and ran down the stairs to her, but as I glanced back from the top of the stairs, the door to the room slowly opened a crack. For a brief moment, I saw something strange in there, and I don’t know what it was, but it was staring at me.

All I saw was red

I checked into a small hotel. It was late and I was tired. I told the woman at desk that I wanted a room. She gave me the key and said, “One more thing - there is one room without a number on your floor and it is always locked. Don’t even peek in there.” I took the key, went into my room and tried to sleep. Night came and I heard trickling of water. I could not sleep, so I opened my door and went into the hall. The sound was coming from the room with no number. I pounded on the door. No response. I looked into the keyhole and saw nothing except red. Water was still trickling. I went down to the front desk to complain. “By the way who is in that room?” She looked at me and told me the story. There was a woman in there. She was murdered by her husband. Her skin was all white, except for her eyes, which were red.

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Hello! Diseases, their symptoms and treatment, medical care - this topic, unfortunately, is very relevant even in our progressive times. There is hardly a person in the world who can claim that he is absolutely healthy and has never consulted a doctor. And no matter what country you are in, the most important words that you strive to learn first, one way or another, relate to your health, and their knowledge is sometimes simply vital. So, our topic today is diseases in English. Knowledge of English vocabulary on medical topics

About diseases in English

Let's imagine several situations and possible dialogues with doctors. Your task is to isolate and remember useful words and word combinations in English from the following dialogues.

First dialogue

Mike came for a medical examination to his old friend and attending physician Tom.

- Hello, Mike! How are you?
Hello, Mike! How are you?
- Hello, Tom! I'm fine, thanks.
Hi Tom! I'm fine thanks.
- Glad to hear it! Take a seat, I must examine you.
Glad to hear it! Sit down, I need to examine you.
- Open your mouth. Good. Now take a breath. Don't breathe. Breath out. Oh, it seems to me, there is a small problem.
Open your mouth. Fine. Now take a breath. Hold your breath. Take the day off. Oh, I think there's a little problem.
- Really?!
Really?!
— Don't worry. There is nothing to worry about so much. I’m going to prescribe you some pills. Be careful, take three of these pills two times a day.
Don't worry. There is nothing worth worrying about so much. I'm going to prescribe you some pills. Be careful, take three tablets twice a day.
— Write me on the paper, please. I can forget.
Write to me please. I can forget.
— Give this prescription to the chemist. I'll wait for you in 5 days.
Give the prescription to the pharmacist. I'll be waiting for you in 5 days.
- Thank you, Tom!
Thanks Tom!
- Take care!
Take care of yourself!

Second dialogue

Dialogue at the reception between Mary and the charge nurse. Mary, feeling unwell, decided to drop everything and devote time to her health.

- Good morning! Can I help you?
Good morning! Can I help you?
- Good morning! I would like to see Dr. Smite.
Good morning! I would like to consult Dr. Smith.
— What's your name? Do you have an appointment?
Your name? Have you made an appointment?
— My name is Mary Robinson. Unfortunately, I haven’t, but I am feeling unwell.
My name is Mary Robinson. Unfortunately, I'm not registered, but I'm not feeling very well.
— What are your symptoms?
What are your symptoms?
— I've got a pain in my back.
My back hurts.
- Take a seat. Wait a minute, please.
Sit down. Wait one minute.
- Okay.
Fine.
—Dr. Smite is ready to see you now.
Dr. Smith is ready to see you now.
- Thank you a lot!
Thanks a lot!

Third dialogue

The dialogue that takes place between the doctor and the patient directly during the examination.
Dialogue taking place between doctor and patient— What's the problem, Mrs. Nelson?
What's the problem, Mrs. Nelson?
- I am in a lot of pain!
I have unbearable pain!
- Lay down over here. Where does it hurt?
Lie down here. Where does it hurt?
- Oh, my foot.
Oh my foot.
— Does it hurt when I press here?
Does it hurt when I press here?
- Yes!
Yes!
-What happened?
What's happened?
— I fell down the stairs. Doctor, I’ve been feeling sick and having headaches.
I fell down the stairs. I felt nauseous and had a headache.
— I hope you’ve pulled only a muscle in your leg. I want to send you for an x-ray.
I hope you only pulled a muscle in your leg. I want to send you for an x-ray.

The word "disease" in English

In English there are several terms that are translated into Russian as “disease”. However, these words are not complete synonyms - each of these words has its own semantic features. That is, depending on the type of disease, we choose the term that corresponds to it.

1. Disease
   This term refers to the most severe diseases - incurable and lifelong.
2. Illness
   This word in English means not a disease, but a person’s poor health, which is temporary and can be gotten rid of
   Illness- this is something like a symptom or the first manifestation of a disease
3. 
   It means feeling unwell, but as a reaction of the body to something unacceptable or unusual. Poisoning, a sharp drop, an unpleasant odor cause a similar condition

It makes me sick. — This makes me sick. / I don't accept this.

Can also be used to indicate moral weakness.

Useful vocabulary on the topic “Diseases”

Medical professionals in English:

• Head physician - chief physician
• Doctor; doc - doctor
• Nurse - nurse
• Midwife - midwife
• Cardiologist - cardiologist
• Stomatologist - dentist
• Surgeon - surgeon
• Radiologist - radiologist

The most common diseases in English:

Disease	Translation	Transcription
allergy	allergy	[ˈælədʒɪ]
asthma	asthma	[ˈæsmə]
AIDS	AIDS
boil	abscess
bronchitis	bronchitis
сholera	cholera	[ˈkɔlərə]
quinsy	angina	[ˈkwɪnzɪ]
varicosity	varicose veins
gastritis	gastritis	[ɡæsˈtraɪtɪs]
hepatitis C	hepatitis C	[ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs]
influenza	flu	[ˌɪnfluˈenzə]
insomnia	insomnia	[ɪnˈsɔmnɪə]
jaundice	jaundice	[ˈdʒɔ:ndɪs]
meats	measles	[ˈmi:zlz]
meningitis	meningitis	[ˌmenɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs]
migraine	migraine	[ˈmi:ɡreɪn]
mumps	piggy
smallpox	smallpox	[ˈsmɔ:lpɔks]
malaria	malaria
tetanus	tetanus	[ˈtetənəs]
tuberculosis	tuberculosis
typhus	typhus	[ˈtaɪfəs]
scarlet fever	scarlet fever	[ˈskɑ:lɪt ˈfi:və]
sty	barley
ulcer/ sore	ulcer	[ˈʌlsə]/

Symptoms of diseases in English

Symptom	Translation	Transcription
discharge	discharge	["dɪskɑːd]
chest pains	chest pain
chill	chills
cough	cough
fever	heat	[ˈfi:və]
headache	headache	[ˈhedeɪk]
phlegm	sputum
pressure	pressure	[ˈpreʃə]
pimple	acne	[ˈpɪmpl]
vomiting	vomit	[ˈvɔmɪt]
shiver	shiver	[ˈʃɪvə]
rash	rash

You can learn about English idioms on medical topics from this video.

Essay in English The Most Dangerous Illnesses with translation into Russian for free

In English. The Most Dangerous Illnesses
Every century has brought new illnesses and unknown infections. Whenever the cure is found for one disease, another one appears. For example, several centuries ago the smallpox was a deadly disease. Nowadays, there are enough medical supplies to fight against this disease. However, there aren’t enough resources to fight AIDS. It is one of the most dangerous illnesses of the 20th century. AIDS is shortened from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It originated in Africa and became a global epidemic. The virus that leads to AIDS is called HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Although the treatment for this virus exists, it only slows the progress. Unfortunately, there is no cure. The human body is capable of many amazing things, but there are still many diseases which can weaken its force. Cancer is among those diseases. It is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. Some forms of cancer can be cured by modern medicine but some are deadly. Every year thousands of people die from lung cancer, which can be the result of smoking. That’s why doctors always advice not to smoke cigarettes. Surprisingly, flu can be very dangerous for the human body. It is caused by certain viruses and usually starts with fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, weakness, sometimes coughing. There are lots of modern methods and drugs to fight influenza but in more serious cases it causes pneumonia, which is often fatal. Another dangerous illness is malaria. It is an infectious disease caused by parasites. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. There are many other unpleasant and dangerous diseases, however diagnosed in early stages most of them can be cured.
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