A lot has been written about Svyatoslav Fedorov, an amazingly talented man, irrepressibly energetic, infinitely ambitious, amazingly responsive to other people’s pain and misfortune.He left to his relatives, friends, and colleagues the main thing in life - MNTK "Eye Microsurgery". He, the departed one, has something to be proud of. The rest of us have something to continue. Fedorov is a surgeon, a politician, a person... It is difficult to single out one thing, because always, no matter what he did, he was simultaneously one and the other, and the third: a professional, a fighter, a personality. Here are just some fragments of his biography. In April 1986On the basis of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery, an intersectoral scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery” was created. The rights of the MNTK were unprecedented: it had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign patients, independently set the number of employees and their wages, and engage in economic activities outside of medicine.
Svyatoslav Fedorov led the active construction of MNTK branches throughout the country (opened 11 in total, the Ekaterinburg center of MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" was opened as the seventh) and abroad (in Italy, Poland, Germany, Spain, Yemen, UAE), equipped a vessel - ophthalmological clinic "Peter the Great", floating in the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.
During his life he managed to do many good and useful deeds. Tens of thousands of people regained their sight because Doctor Fedorov lived and worked in the world. But quite a few plans, ideas and ideas remained unrealized due to the unexpectedly interrupted flight.
Some people accepted his ideas immediately, despite their unreality. Some categorically did not share his views, both in medicine and in politics, and did their best to interfere with their implementation. Fedorov left no one indifferent
On June 2, 2000, the life of the founder and general director of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK was tragically cut short. The death of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, a world-famous ophthalmologist, excellent organizer and public figure, shocked everyone who knew him.
Svyatoslav Fedorov - Biography
One of the outstanding ophthalmologists of our time,born August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of the commander of a Red Army division. Russian. His father was repressed in 1938 and sentenced to 17 years in the camps.
After graduationin 1943entered the Yerevan Preparatory Artillery School. In 1944 he was transferred to the 11th Air Force Preparatory School, but was unable to complete his studies because in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident. In 1952 he graduated from the Rostov-on-Don Medical Institute (RMI).
In 1958defended his Ph.D. thesis in1967- doctorate. He worked as a doctor in the village of Veshenskaya (Rostov region) and the city of Lysva (Perm region). Since 1958, he headed the clinical department at the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.
In 1960created an artificial lens and performed an experimental operation to implant it. As a result of a conflict with the director of the branch, Svyatoslav Fedorov was fired, and his research was declared unscientific. But, after the publication in Izvestia of A. Agranovsky’s correspondence about the results of implanting an artificial lens, he was reinstated at work. The publication helped create a problematic scientific laboratory. IN1961-1967worked in Arkhangelsk as head of the department of eye diseases at the Medical Institute.
In 1967was transferred to Moscow and headed the department of eye diseases and the laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. In 1969, he began implanting artificial corneas. In 1973, for the first time in the world, he developed and performed operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages (the deep sclerectomy method, which subsequently gained international recognition).
In 1974The laboratory headed by Svyatoslav Fedorov separated from the institute and was named the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. In the same year, Svyatoslav Fedorov began performing operations to treat and correct myopia by applying anterior dosed incisions to the cornea using a technique he developed. This technique was subsequently widely used in the clinic of Svyatoslav Fedorov and its branches, as well as abroad. In total, over 3 million such operations have been performed worldwide.
In 1979On the basis of the laboratory, the Institute of Eye Microsurgery was created, the director of which was Svyatoslav Fedorov. As director, he introduced a number of innovations, such as a medical surgical conveyor (an operation is carried out by several surgeons, each doing a strictly defined part of it, and the main stage of the operation is performed by the most experienced surgeon), mobile operating rooms based on buses, and others.
In 1989was elected people's deputy of the USSR according to the CPSU quota. In the spring of 1989, before the First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, he became one of the initiators of the creation of the Moscow Deputy Club. Many of the achievements of this club were used at the First Congress by democratically minded deputies, who later joined the Interregional Deputy Group. In the Supreme Council he was a member of the Committee on Economic Reform. At the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, among 17 deputies, he voted for the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution, which provided for the leading role of the CPSU.
Since February 1991 was a member of the Supreme Advisory and Coordination Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, later renamed the Supreme Advisory Council (HAC) under the President of the Russian Federation (Svyatoslav Fedorov was not included in the Presidential Council that replaced the HAC in February 1993).
In October-November 1991 Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was considered as one of the likely candidates for the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but refused the offer to take this post.
In September 1993
signed a letter to President Yeltsin on behalf of the staff of the Eye Microsurgery International Scientific and Research Center demanding the cancellation of the decree on the dissolution of parliament and the restoration of the life support systems of the White House, where the deputies were located.
He was a member of the CPSU from 1957 to 1990.In 1991-1993Svyatoslav Fedorov participated in the creation of a number of parties and movements (DPR, PES, RDPR), and was a member of their governing bodies. However, for reasons of principle (disagreement with program guidelines and tactical actions), S. Fedorov left these public associations.
In January 1995 based on numerous proposals from Russian citizens, he created and led the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST). The PST program is to ensure free, highly productive labor, connecting the employee with property, income distribution, and active participation in production management. The main thing is the person, the family, whose condition determines the condition of society. According to S. Fedorov, tax policy is designed to stimulate human labor and the development of production. Categorically rejecting shock therapy, which led to the impoverishment of the people, the merging of the state apparatus with mafia structures, Svyatoslav Fedorov advocated a diverse economy, the protection of national natural resources, the evolutionary path, the use of government regulation, a national idea, and the revival of spirituality.
S. Fedorov's authority as a political leader was very high. Having a qualified team of professionals, he decided to head the party list in the elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation inDecember 1995. Svyatoslav Fedorov received numerous appeals from citizens and work collectives, in which they asked him to nominate his candidacy for the post of President of Russia during the elections1996.
In April 1995Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS). He was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN), a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).
Scientific activity of S.N. Fedorova was never an end in itself and did not contain abstract research. Each step was caused by the organic need to provide the most effective assistance to the patient, to restore high-quality vision to him as quickly as possible. Therefore, it is not surprising that the result of a huge number of scientific studies was the development of an invention.Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is the author of 523 scientific works, 7 monographs, 234 inventions, 108 patents. Under his leadership, 86 candidate and 25 doctoral dissertations were completed and successfully defended. .
For scientific research in the field of ophthalmic surgery S.N. Fedorov was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Lomonosov Gold Medal - and the Prize named after. M.I. Averbakh Academy of Medical Sciences. He was a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as a laureate of the Palaeologus Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy).
S. N. Fedorov was the Chairman of the Board of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, the editor-in-chief of the journal "Ophthalmosurgery", and also a member of the editorial boards of the journals: "Bulletin of Ophthalmology" (USA), "American Society of Implantologists" (USA), "Refractive Surgery" (USA) , "News of Eye Surgery" (USA), "European Journal of Implantation and Refractive Surgery" Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was a resident of the International Society of Keratorefractologists, an honorary member of the International Society for Artificial Lens Implantation, a member of the International Society for Phacoemulsification and Cataract Surgery, an honorary member of the International Society for Corneoplastic Microsurgery , member of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. For great services in the field of public health S.N. Fedorov was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin / He had the titles “Hero of Socialist Labor” and “Honored Inventor”
June 2, 2000Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov died tragically in a plane crash.
In memory of Svyatoslav Fedorov...
When the founder of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK, academician Svyatoslav Fedorov, tragically died, all branches of the complex began to think about how to perpetuate his memory. Some got busts of Fedorov, others got portraits. And we at the Yekaterinburg center of the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” wanted to make not just a sculpture, but to create something special, unusual, large-scale and amazing - after all, this is exactly what Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was.
We did not rely only on ourselves and invited the most talented craftsmen of the Urals to work on the idea of creating a future monument. Proposals came from both young graduates of the local Academy of Architecture and from seasoned artists. As a result, the project of the Sverdlovsk Art Foundation was recognized as the best. Its specialists decided to add a Ural touch to the memorial by making a mosaic portrait of Svyatoslav Fedorov from natural Ural marble.
The rock of the required shades was found at one of the enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region. By special order, the stone was delivered to Yekaterinburg and handed over to the artists. It should be noted that they did a colossal job, because matching pieces of marble to each other in such a way as to convey the soul of a person and achieve photographic resemblance is very difficult. Without exaggeration, the craftsmen approached the matter with pinpoint precision. In total, work on the memorial to Svyatoslav Nikolaevich lasted almost a year. But it was worth it. For fifteen years now he has been guarding the Yekaterinburg center of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", and Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov remains close to the patients - with those for whom he served.
There are always fresh flowers near the monumental portrait of Fedorov. And every year on June 2, the day of the death of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, patients, doctors, nurses and other clinic staff gather at the memorial to honor the memory of the great academician, teacher and doctor with a minute of silence...
And in 2015, the daughter of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, Irina Fedorova, visited us. Today she is a titled ophthalmic surgeon, the head of a Moscow eye clinic and a successor to the work of her great father. Irina Svyatoslavovna came specifically to open – branch of the Yekaterinburg center MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”.
As a sign of friendship and respect, Irina Fedorova presented the Center staff with a portrait of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. It was made by the talented Ural artist Nina Kostina. She portrayed Fedorov as we did not know him yet: young, full of hopes and grandiose plans. This painting took its rightful place in the new branch of the Laser Surgery Center on the street. Yasnoy, 31.
The Legend of the Legend: an essay by the famous writer and journalist A. Agranovsky
About young Svyatoslav Fedorov -"The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov" 1965
9Positive psychology 07.10.2018
We receive the lion's share of information about the world through vision. And when it gets worse, we experience a lot of inconvenience, and even real suffering. It’s good if we are lucky enough to meet a competent specialist who will help improve the situation.
Today, dear readers, I would like to tell you about the fate of such an amazing professional and very charming person who radiated the energy of light. This is ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov, a legend of Russian medicine.
He became the author of a number of unique developments that are recognized throughout the world as revolutionary in this branch of medicine. Together with like-minded people, he put his discoveries into practice, which helped restore and improve vision for thousands of Russians. These technologies still work successfully today.
The innovative doctor had to work in difficult, turning-point years for the country. His destiny is a constant overcoming of difficulties, resistance to an inert environment, and the desire to develop. He was always in a hurry, as if he had a presentiment that his life would end early. And he managed to do an incredible amount, making a real revolution in the methods of treating eye diseases and restoring vision.
As Wikipedia tells us, Svyatoslav Fedorov was a true representative of the 20th century, the personification of its best features. And the problems, troubles, and bad weather of this turbulent century also did not pass him by. But they didn’t break me, they only made me stronger and wiser. Let's get acquainted a little with the biography of Svyatoslav Fedorov.
Family and first life lessons
Svyatoslav Fedorov comes from the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, now called Khmelnitsky. His date of birth: August 8, 1927, and this alone speaks volumes. His family did not escape the main tragedy of the pre-war years; his father became a victim of political repression in the 1930s.
Svyatoslav's father made a brilliant military career, rising to the rank of general, although he was from a simple working family by origin. In the notorious year of 1938, when his son was 11 years old, Nikolai Fedorov was sentenced to 17 years for slanderous denunciation. Relatives had to live with the stigma of the family being an “enemy of the people.” They moved to Rostov-on-Don, where the future luminary of medicine continued his studies at school. He graduated with a silver medal.
Like most of his young peers, Svyatoslav dreamed of the sky, of becoming a pilot. When the war began, of course, his interests shifted towards military aviation. He didn’t just dream of the sky, but did everything to make this dream come true. In 1943, the young man entered the Yerevan Preparatory Flight School, where he studied for two years.
But... Plans to conquer the sky were dashed by completely earthly obstacles. A simple fall and injury to the left leg resulted in the amputation of the entire foot and part of the lower leg. Having received a disability, Svyatoslav Fedorov managed to overcome depressive thoughts and built an algorithm for further movement forward. For him, the stories of some of his neighbors in the ward became a difficult lesson. The guy spent several months in the hospital, and saw how others, feeling crippled, simply gave up, “deflated,” and gave up.
Svyatoslav decided that he would never allow himself to be pitied. He will become strong! And the young man begins grueling training, through pain, through “I can’t.” As a result, he became a very successful swimmer, winner of a number of respectable competitions. And then he endured many hours of operations, and the people who worked and lived next to him, most often did not suspect his injury.
The choice is made!
Looking at the photo of Svyatoslav Fedorov, many note his assertive gaze, strong-willed chin, powerful forehead of a sage and stubborn man, who more than once in his life had, as the classic said, “butt heads with oak.”
But first it was necessary to decide on the choice of profession. The young man entered the Rostov Medical Institute, which he successfully graduated in 1952. Why ophthalmology? Because it is very interesting, very difficult, and therefore promising. After university there were residency and postgraduate studies, but in addition to theory, Svyatoslav had the opportunity to prove himself in medical practice.
While still a student, he performed his first brilliant operation. The patient received a serious work injury; an iron fragment flew into his eyeball. Even for an experienced physician, such a problem is not always solvable, but student Fedorov was not at a loss and coped brilliantly with the problem. As a result, the man managed to save his sight.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov began his ophthalmological practice in the village of Veshenskaya. He considered himself lucky, because the writer Mikhail Sholokhov, who glorified these places, had long been Svyatoslav’s idol.
After the Don start, he began eye surgery in the Urals. He promptly defended his Ph.D. dissertation, but was soon fired, and even with the damning wording: “for charlatanism.” The essence of the matter is simple: an innovative doctor risked using a technique that had already been used abroad, but was not welcomed “in our Palestines.” He replaced the patient's failed lens with an artificial one. The angry medical community did not appreciate such creativity. Although the operation was absolutely successful. “Charlatan” went to continue his research to the North, to Arkhangelsk.
It is unknown whether the “troublemaker” would have managed to remain in the profession at all if he had not been supported by the famous publicist Agranovsky. In the spring of 1965, he published a voluminous material in Izvestia about a talented doctor, whose bold experiments were not only not recognized, but became the cause of persecution. You can read about this in detail in the article “Discovery of Doctor Fedorov”. And here I will give only one short excerpt from that newspaper article, which caused a lot of noise at that time.
Where does this assertiveness, willpower, and strength to achieve his goal come from? Perhaps he has not lost anything from the strengths of the old Russian intelligentsia; he has softness towards people, a desire for good, internal honesty, independence or, as Leo Tolstoy said, pride of thought. His kindness is full of strength, and he is at ease with the people, and there is no feeling of insecurity in him before the people, because he himself is the people. The grandson of a peasant, the son of a cavalryman, an intellectual.
After such all-Union publicity, ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov was able to do what he loved without much fear, and even his “dubious” experiments were given the green light.
Northern "link"
60s. The period of the “thaw”, our Russian political “Renaissance”. Fedorov moved to Arkhangelsk, where in 1961-67 he headed the department of eye diseases at the Medical Institute.
He again performs operations using an artificial lens. It is impossible to buy the material; it is very expensive, and in scarce currency. The miracle doctor is helped by northern craftsmen, turning lenses in local workshops. And this is a double success: the production of such medical “diamonds” requires truly jeweler’s precision and remarkable skill, working ingenuity.
Patients from all over the vast country come to Fedorov, he teaches his methods to his colleagues, unique operations are practically put on stream. But he feels cramped within the institute’s laboratory. We need scale, we need to move from handicrafts to working with modern scientific equipment, but Arkhangelsk does not have it and will not have it for a long time.
Fedorov decides to escape to the capital. It was a real detective story: the local authorities did not want to let go of a popular specialist who had already received worldwide recognition. Real fame came to him after speaking in 1966 at a symposium of the International Society for Implantation in London.
The party leadership of Arkhangelsk prevented his departure to Moscow; Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was accused of almost desertion, seeking “cheap glory.” The regional party committee simply forbade the institute authorities to issue work books to the assertive doctor and his associates. But he knew what he wanted, and gossip and “spikes in the wheels” could not stop him. With several of his closest assistants, he confused his tracks in order to outwit his pursuers.
They learned about the impending escape “where necessary”; the fugitives were waited at the railway station. They quickly handed over their tickets and rushed to the airport, where they purchased tickets for the next flight under other people's names. This was still possible then. Yes, regarding work records: in the capital they had to make a prosecutor’s request so that Arkhangelsk officials would return them to their owners...
Science and practice
In 1967, a sharp turn occurred in the biography of Svyatoslav Fedorov and his family. He becomes the head of the department at the Third Medical Institute, creates a laboratory within the university, where he experiments with artificial lenses and corneas of the eye. A few years later, the laboratory became an independent institution, receiving the status of a research institute, and then an STC (scientific and technical complex) of eye microsurgery.
It was a productive symbiosis of breakthrough scientific research and advanced technological innovations. Stories about many operations carried out at NTK began with the words “for the first time in the country,” or even “for the first time in the world.” I will not delve into the details of that truly titanic work here.
You can get acquainted with the details of the capital period of his activity by watching the documentary film “Svyatoslav Fedorov. See the light."
His clinic becomes truly world famous, and its director becomes a corresponding member of the Union Academy of Sciences and a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
In the 90s, it was also necessary to deal with purely economic issues, and those around him noted with surprise and respect Svyatoslav Fedorov’s entrepreneurial talent. “Eye Microsurgery” and a number of related related enterprises became successful business units, earning a lot of foreign currency, which made it possible to seriously increase staff salaries. The clinic was even able to acquire its own aircraft fleet.
Family matters
Photos of Svyatoslav Fedorov, rare video footage easily convey his incredible energy. Women felt this magnetism of a strong personality, many fell in love with the talented and charming doctor.
He married three times. He lived with his first wife Lilia for 13 years. Their daughter Irina has decided on her choice of profession since her school years: of course, it is ophthalmology! She continues her father’s work and works in his clinic.
The second marital union also culminated in the birth of a daughter. The heiress Olga works in her father’s scientific and technical complex, although she is not engaged in medical practice. She nurtures a memorial cabinet, the exhibits of which tell about the history of Eye Microsurgery and the fate of the first director of the clinic.
In the personal life of Svyatoslav Fedorov, there was a third marriage. In this union he had twin daughters, although not his own: these were the children of his last wife from a previous marriage. They are now employees of the Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Foundation for the Popularization of Surgical Techniques.
With such a busy work and personal life, Fedorov found time and energy for sports and other hobbies. Remember, at the beginning of the story I told you that in his early youth he dreamed of sitting at the helm of an airliner. Despite health problems, he made this dream come true! Became a pilot of his own plane when he was 62 years old. He also mastered the helicopter, because sometimes he had to fly to hard-to-reach regions to perform operations or consult the staff of local clinic departments.
Despite all this, he somehow incomprehensibly managed to remain a romantic and a slightly naive dreamer. Or maybe he just hoped that the maximum number of colleagues would follow his example?..
I realized that goodness needs to be done in large doses. I am sure that by the end of this century our medicine will be a fantastic industry of humanism: small hospitals will turn into powerful medical centers for early surgical prevention.
An active life position led him into politics; Fedorov was a people's deputy of the USSR and a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. He even took part in the presidential elections in 1996, although with minimal results. But I soon realized that I shouldn’t waste my time, that I needed to concentrate my energy on the main task of my life. As it turned out, this was the right choice, because at the turn of the century he had very little time.
Tragic flight and grateful memory
Premature death is always tragic. It looks especially unnatural when people, bursting with energy and full of ambitious plans, “go into a tailspin” in the prime of their lives. This is what happened with the death of Svyatoslav Fedorov. On June 2, 2000, he crashed while performing another routine helicopter flight. The car turned out to be faulty, the technical staff did not pay attention. True, there were other versions of the tragedy; many said that the incident in the air did not occur by accident. But it was not possible to prove this.
The streets of several cities and hospitals are named after him, and there are 6 monuments to the great doctor in the country. His followers study the works of the academician, published during his lifetime and posthumously. In the practice of ophthalmology and other medical specialties, about 180 different inventions of the master of ophthalmology are used.
He was awarded many medals and orders, received a number of prestigious international awards, had the title of Hero of Labor and many other regalia. Two years after his death, Fedorov was awarded the title “The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19th-20th Centuries.” This is how the merits of a gifted colleague were appreciated by the international professional community.
Dear readers, there were so many bright pages in the life of Svyatoslav Fedorov that it is impossible to even list them, it’s easy to touch on them in a review article. But I will be sincerely glad if this fate interests you and gives you food for thought and further discoveries.
He was so different: a revolutionary, a rebel, a pioneer and thinker, a hard worker, an organizer. Author of breakthrough technologies and successful businessman. A strict team leader and a gentle, caring head of the family. Always inspired, although they so often tried to “clip his wings”...
A lot has been done, there is a lot left for all of us to do. He gave people light, the opportunity to see this world, to live fully. All we have to do is be worthy of this great gift...
Why are your eyes watering and what to do?
(1927-2000) Russian ophthalmologist, entrepreneur, politician
The future famous surgeon was born in the city of Khmelnitsky in Ukraine. His father was a military man, commanded a division, but in 1937 he was declared an “enemy of the people” and repressed. So it was not easy for the family, although Svyatoslav still finished school and in 1943 entered the Yerevan Preparatory Aviation School.
However, he was unable to complete it: in 1945, as a result of an accident, he lost a foot and was declared unfit for military service. It was then that Svyatoslav Fedorov decided to become a doctor. He entered the Rostov Medical Institute and after graduation began working as an eye doctor in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region.
In 1955, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov returned to the city of Rostov-on-Don and entered residency at the Department of Eye Diseases of the Medical Institute, after which he became the head of the clinical department of the branch of the Research Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.
It was then that he began to conduct first experiments, and then operations, which later brought him world fame. In 1960, for the first time in the country, Fedorov performed a unique operation to implant an artificial lens into a person’s eye. However, at that time it was considered “anti-physiological”, and Fedorov was forced to leave the institute. For six years he worked as head of the department of eye diseases at the Medical Institute in Arkhangelsk.
The work of a talented surgeon was recognized as worthy of attention only in 1967 and by decision of the USSR Ministry of Health, Svyatoslav Fedorov was invited to Moscow, where he headed the department of eye diseases and a problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. There he began performing operations on artificial cornea implantation.
In 1973, for the first time in the world, Fedorov developed a surgical technology for treating glaucoma at an early stage. Somewhat later, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for the first time in the country, began to perform operations for the treatment and surgical correction of myopia. On the basis of his laboratory, he organized the Institute of Eye Microsurgery and became its general director.
Among Svyatoslav Fedorov’s patients were many leaders of the USSR, which gave him the opportunity to work independently and engage in scientific research.
The Fedorov Institute became famous not only in our country, but also abroad, and in 1986, by a special government decision, the Eye Microsurgery complex was created on its basis, of which Svyatoslav Fedorov became the general director. After that, he began to actively build MNTK branches throughout the country and abroad. They appeared in Italy, Poland, Germany, Spain, Yemen, UAE, and other countries. In order to be able to provide assistance to people locally, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich even equipped the sea ship “Peter I” as an ophthalmology clinic and, moreover, set up a clinic on an airplane.
He was one of the first who enthusiastically accepted the ideas of perestroika. Without leaving his main activity, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov decided to enter politics and in 1989 he was elected people's deputy of the USSR from the Communist Party. Even before the first Congress of People's Deputies, he also became one of the initiators of the creation of the Moscow Deputy Club. Many of his proposals were later used by deputies who joined the Interregional Deputy Group.
In the summer of 1990, at the first session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, Boris Yeltsin officially proposed to the deputies three candidates for the post of chairman of the Council of Ministers: Svyatoslav Fedorov, Ivan Silaev and Mikhail Bocharov. Then Fedorov refused to run for this post, and Ivan Silaev was appointed prime minister.
But his organizational and economic talent nevertheless constantly attracted the attention of the leadership to him, and in October 1991 he was again offered to take the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but this time he refused.
In the fall of 1992, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov became president of the closed joint-stock company Protasovo MG, which is the legal owner of the land allocated in the spring of 1990 for the MNTK subsidiary farm.
Fedorov was also the president of the Royal casino and club, which opened back in 1991 and became the first such establishment in Moscow. Thus, in recent years, Svyatoslav Fedorov has been an equally famous politician and businessman. Together with other public figures, he often addressed open letters to the country's leadership with demands or requests to solve certain pressing problems. Meticulous journalists discovered that he once wrote a letter on his own behalf to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation asking for the release of the famous criminal Ivankov, who is better known under the nickname Yaponchik.
For some time, Svyatoslav Fedorov could not decide on his political orientation. In June 1992, he joined the Party of Economic Freedom, which was founded by Konstantin Borovoy. However, a year later he left it due to disagreements with Borov, who unconditionally supported the “presidential” draft of the new Constitution.
In June 1994, Svyatoslav Fedorov announced his intention to create a new political organization - the People's Self-Government Party. According to him, it should have included people “who are being deceived and robbed today, who should give their labor for nothing.” At one of the press conferences, Fedorov stated that “today’s democracy is a lie, and the government is the main robber.” Svyatoslav Fedorov called the priority of his economic program “a person’s dependence on the results of his labor.”
On January 12, 1995, he announced his intention to run for the post of head of state in the upcoming presidential elections in June 1996.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov never became President of Russia. Already from the results of the first round of voting, it became clear that people prefer to see him as a doctor rather than as a president.
Fedorov grew up with four daughters, and three of them - Irina, Olga and Yulia - followed in their father’s footsteps and became ophthalmologists. Elina graduated from the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University and became a Spanish philologist.
Despite his political activity, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was actively engaged in scientific research. He is the author of 414 publications. The scientific works of Svyatoslav Fedorov and the methods he developed are recognized in all countries of the world. In the USA he received two prestigious medical awards - the Palaiologos and the Oscar, and in Italy - the Pericles Prize. The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences awarded Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov a medal and a prize named after V. P. Filatov.
The energetic activity of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was interrupted by his tragic death in a plane crash, but his life’s work is continued by his employees.
- (1927 2000), ophthalmologist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1982), Hero of Socialist Labor (1987). Organizer and director (since 1986) of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Complex “Eye Microsurgery” of the Russian Federation... encyclopedic Dictionary
FYODOROV Svyatoslav Nikolaevich- Svyatoslav Nikolaevich (b. 1927), ophthalmologist, member of the RAS (1987), RAMS (1982), Hero of Social Sciences. Labor (1987). Tr. in eye microsurgery. Founder and first director. (since 1986) Interdisciplinary scientific. tech. eye microsurgery complex... Biographical Dictionary
Ophthalmologist, microsurgeon Date of birth: August 8, 1927 Place of birth: Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) ... Wikipedia
Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, ophthalmologist, microsurgeon Date of birth: August 8, 1927 Place of birth: Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) ... Wikipedia
Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, ophthalmologist, microsurgeon Date of birth: August 8, 1927 Place of birth: Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) ... Wikipedia
Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, ophthalmologist, microsurgeon Date of birth: August 8, 1927 Place of birth: Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) ... Wikipedia
Contents 1 Known media 1.1 A 1.2 B 1.3 ... Wikipedia
Fedorov is a common Russian surname, derived from the name Fedor. Famous bearers Some famous personalities bearing this surname: Fedorov, Alexander Alexandrovich (1838?) Major General, mayor of St. Petersburg (1880 1881).... ... Wikipedia
Genus. 1927, d. (died in a plane crash) 2000. Ophthalmologist, specialist in eye microsurgery. Founder (1986) and first director of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Complex "Eye Microsurgery". Corresponding member Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1982), USSR Academy of Sciences (1987), RAS (1991). Hero of Socialist Labor (1987). Awarded the Gold Medal. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1987). Fedorov, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich General Director of the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex (INTK) "Eye Microsurgery"; born on August 8, 1927 in Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky), Ukrainian SSR; graduated from the Rostov Medical Institute in 1952, residency in 1957, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; He began his medical career as a doctor in St. Veshenskaya, Rostov region, then worked at the hospital in Lysva, Sverdlovsk region; since 1958 - in the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz; 1961-1967 - Head of the Department of Eye Diseases, Arkhangelsk Medical Institute; 1967-1974 - head of the department of eye diseases and problem laboratory of the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute; in 1974 he headed the Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR; 1979-1986 - Director of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery; since 1986 - General Director of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery"; in 1989 he was elected as a people's deputy of the USSR under the CPSU quota, was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, was a member of the Committee on Economic Reform and the Interregional Deputy Group; in 1990 he participated in the creation of the Union of Tenants and Entrepreneurs of Russia, was elected its first president, and since 1992 he has been co-president of this Union (together with P. Bunich); 1991-1993 - member of the Supreme Advisory Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, then - under the President of the Russian Federation; in January 1995, at the founding congress of the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST), he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of this party and remained so until the end of his life; in 1993, he ran for elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the RDDR list, which did not overcome the 5 percent threshold, in 1995, on the PST list, which also did not gain 5 percent, and was elected as a deputy in the majoritarian constituency in Cheboksary; 1995-1999 - deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the second convocation, co-chairman of the parliamentary group "People's Power", chairman of the subcommittee on the formation and financing of alternative forms of ownership in healthcare of the Committee on Health Protection; in 1996 nominated his candidacy for the President of Russia, in the first round he received more than 699 thousand votes (0.93%) and took 6th place out of 11 candidates); since 1996 - Chairman of the Chamber for Science, Health, Education and Culture of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the Russian Federation; since February 1998 - member of the Coordination Council of Domestic Producers; member of the Coordination Council of the public association "Russian Business Round Table", member of the International Russian Club; Hero of Socialist Labor; winner of the gold medal named after. M. V. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR, prize named after. V. P. Filatov Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Paleologus Prize (USA), Oscar-87 Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy);
Honored Inventor of the USSR; was married and had four daughters; He was fond of horse riding, swimming, and hunting; died in a helicopter crash in Moscow on June 2, 2000. While working in Cheboksary, in 1960 he created an artificial lens and conducted an experiment on its implantation.
However, the leadership of the Cheboksary branch of the Institute named after. Helmholtz declared these studies of S. Fedorov “unscientific.” He was fired but later reinstated after the Izvestia newspaper intervened in his defense.
Having continued his work in the field of artificial lenses in Moscow, in 1969 he began implanting artificial corneas, and in 1973, for the first time in the world, he developed and performed operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages.
In 1974, he created a unique method of surgical operations for the treatment and correction of myopia.
In 1979, for the first time in world practice, he introduced a medical surgical conveyor for eye surgeries.
On the basis of the laboratory of S. Fedorov, which was separated from the medical institute, an independent Research Laboratory was created under the Ministry of Health of Russia, which developed into the Institute of Eye Microsurgery, and then into the MNTK. MNTK conducted completely independent economic activities, had a network of branches in the country and abroad, an aircraft and a sea vessel specially equipped for operations. In the Moscow region, a subsidiary farm was organized, since 1992 - JSC "Protasovo", whose president was S. Fedorov.
In 1990, he was one of 17 deputies from the CPSU who voted at the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR for the abolition of Article 6 of the USSR Constitution, which established the leading role of the party.
In the fall of 1991, he was considered a likely candidate for the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but refused the offer. 1992-1993 - co-chairman of the PES, from which he left due to disagreement with K. Borov, who unconditionally supported the “presidential” draft of the 1993 Constitution, which Fedorov himself characterized as “monarchical”, which vested the president with excessive power and authority.
In September 1993, he signed a letter on behalf of MNTK employees, in which he called on B. Yeltsin to cancel the decree on the dissolution of Parliament and restore the functioning of the life support systems of the House of Soviets of Russia, which were turned off on his instructions.
Critically assessed the idea and results of “voucher privatization”. He advocated the transfer of the means of production to the ownership of labor collectives and the decisive participation of workers in the management of enterprises.
These ideas formed the basis of the program created and headed by him PST. In 1996, S. Fedorov’s election program was presented as a “new Russian path” under the slogan “From economic slaves to a society of the rich.” It was directed against radical reforms and focused on market popular socialism, on building a socially just society based on self-governing labor collectives and a free individual entrepreneur.
It was proposed to “affirm the priority of collective-private property in production” and to strengthen the role of man in the economy.
The program also proposed revising the results of privatization. On July 14, 1998, at a meeting with journalists, he announced that he had no intention of standing as a candidate in future presidential elections. “At my age - and I’m already 71 - it’s too late to run for president,” S. Fedorov emphasized.
According to him, he would be more suited to the role of the Russian Deng Xiaoping, the “gray eminence” of those economic reforms that should be carried out in Russia instead of the current ones.
